Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms moderate cognition and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders / Benjamin E. YERYS in Autism Research, 2-6 (December 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-6 (December 2009) . - p.322-333 Titre : Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms moderate cognition and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur ; Devon A. SHOOK, Auteur ; Joette D. JAMES, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.322-333 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : clinical-psychology neuropsychology school-age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent estimates suggest that 31% of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) meet diagnostic criteria for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and another 24% of children with ASD exhibit subthreshold clinical ADHD symptoms. Presence of ADHD symptoms in the context of ASD could have a variety of effects on cognition, autistic traits, and adaptive/maladaptive behaviors including: exacerbating core ASD impairments; adding unique impairments specific to ADHD; producing new problems unreported in ASD or ADHD; having no clear impact; or producing some combination of these scenarios. Children with ASD and co-morbid ADHD symptoms (ASD+ADHD; n=21), children with ASD without ADHD (ASD; n=28), and a typically developing control group (n=21) were included in the study; all groups were matched on age, gender-ratio, IQ, and socioeconomic status. Data were collected on verbal and spatial working memory, response inhibition, global executive control (EC), autistic traits, adaptive functioning, and maladaptive behavior problems. In this sample, the presence of ADHD symptoms in ASD exacerbated impairments in EC and adaptive behavior and resulted in higher autistic trait, and externalizing behavior ratings. ADHD symptoms were also associated with greater impairments on a lab measure of verbal working memory. These findings suggest that children with ASD+ADHD symptoms present with exacerbated impairments in some but not all domains of functioning relative to children with ASD, most notably in adaptive behavior and working memory. Therefore, ADHD may moderate the expression of components of the ASD cognitive and behavioral phenotype, but ASD+ADHD may not represent an etiologically distinct phenotype from ASD alone. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.103 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=968 [article] Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms moderate cognition and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur ; Devon A. SHOOK, Auteur ; Joette D. JAMES, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.322-333. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-6 (December 2009) . - p.322-333 Mots-clés : clinical-psychology neuropsychology school-age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent estimates suggest that 31% of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) meet diagnostic criteria for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and another 24% of children with ASD exhibit subthreshold clinical ADHD symptoms. Presence of ADHD symptoms in the context of ASD could have a variety of effects on cognition, autistic traits, and adaptive/maladaptive behaviors including: exacerbating core ASD impairments; adding unique impairments specific to ADHD; producing new problems unreported in ASD or ADHD; having no clear impact; or producing some combination of these scenarios. Children with ASD and co-morbid ADHD symptoms (ASD+ADHD; n=21), children with ASD without ADHD (ASD; n=28), and a typically developing control group (n=21) were included in the study; all groups were matched on age, gender-ratio, IQ, and socioeconomic status. Data were collected on verbal and spatial working memory, response inhibition, global executive control (EC), autistic traits, adaptive functioning, and maladaptive behavior problems. In this sample, the presence of ADHD symptoms in ASD exacerbated impairments in EC and adaptive behavior and resulted in higher autistic trait, and externalizing behavior ratings. ADHD symptoms were also associated with greater impairments on a lab measure of verbal working memory. These findings suggest that children with ASD+ADHD symptoms present with exacerbated impairments in some but not all domains of functioning relative to children with ASD, most notably in adaptive behavior and working memory. Therefore, ADHD may moderate the expression of components of the ASD cognitive and behavioral phenotype, but ASD+ADHD may not represent an etiologically distinct phenotype from ASD alone. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.103 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=968

Brief Report: IQ Split Predicts Social Symptoms and Communication Abilities in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / David O. BLACK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39-11 (November 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 39-11 (November 2009) . - p.1613-1619 Titre : Brief Report: IQ Split Predicts Social Symptoms and Communication Abilities in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David O. BLACK, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.1613-1619 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Cognitive-profiles IQ Symptomatology Adaptive-functioning Asperger-syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the relationship of discrepancies between VIQ and NVIQ (IQ split) to autism symptoms and adaptive behavior in a sample of high-functioning (mean FSIQ = 98.5) school-age children with autism spectrum disorders divided into three groups: discrepantly high VIQ (n = 18); discrepantly high NVIQ (n = 24); and equivalent VIQ and NVIQ (n = 36). Discrepantly high VIQ and NVIQ were associated with autism social symptoms but not communication symptoms or repetitive behaviors. Higher VIQ and NVIQ were associated with better adaptive communication but not socialization or Daily Living Skills. IQ discrepancy may be an important phenotypic marker in autism. Although better verbal abilities are associated with better functional outcomes in autism, discrepantly high VIQ in high-functioning children may also be associated with social difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0795-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=850 [article] Brief Report: IQ Split Predicts Social Symptoms and Communication Abilities in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David O. BLACK, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur ; Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.1613-1619. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 39-11 (November 2009) . - p.1613-1619 Mots-clés : Autism Cognitive-profiles IQ Symptomatology Adaptive-functioning Asperger-syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the relationship of discrepancies between VIQ and NVIQ (IQ split) to autism symptoms and adaptive behavior in a sample of high-functioning (mean FSIQ = 98.5) school-age children with autism spectrum disorders divided into three groups: discrepantly high VIQ (n = 18); discrepantly high NVIQ (n = 24); and equivalent VIQ and NVIQ (n = 36). Discrepantly high VIQ and NVIQ were associated with autism social symptoms but not communication symptoms or repetitive behaviors. Higher VIQ and NVIQ were associated with better adaptive communication but not socialization or Daily Living Skills. IQ discrepancy may be an important phenotypic marker in autism. Although better verbal abilities are associated with better functional outcomes in autism, discrepantly high VIQ in high-functioning children may also be associated with social difficulties. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0795-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=850

Do social attribution skills improve with age in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders? / Elgiz BAL in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-1 (January 2013) . - p.9-16 Titre : Do social attribution skills improve with age in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elgiz BAL, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur ; Mark J. CELANO, Auteur ; Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Jay N. GIEDD, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.9-16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  High functioning autism  Theory of mind  Social attribution Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Age-related changes in social attribution skills were assessed using the “Triangles Playing Tricks” task in 7–17 year old high functioning children with ASDs (n = 41) and in typically developing (TD) children (n = 58) matched on age, IQ, and sex ratio. Children with ASDs gave responses that received lower intentionality and appropriateness ratings than did TD children in both the goal-directed and theory of mind (ToM) conditions. Results remained unchanged when the effects of verbal output (i.e., number of clause produced) and verbal IQ were included as covariates in the analyses. Whereas age was highly associated with ToM performance in the TD children, this relationship was not as strong among children with ASDs. These results indicate not only a diminished tendency among high functioning children with ASDs to attribute social meaning and intentionality to ambiguous visual displays of interactive forms but also an aberrant developmental trajectory. That is, children with ASDs may fall further behind their typically developing peers in social attribution abilities as they get older. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.07.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=179 [article] Do social attribution skills improve with age in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elgiz BAL, Auteur ; Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur ; Mark J. CELANO, Auteur ; Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Jay N. GIEDD, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.9-16. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-1 (January 2013) . - p.9-16 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  High functioning autism  Theory of mind  Social attribution Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Age-related changes in social attribution skills were assessed using the “Triangles Playing Tricks” task in 7–17 year old high functioning children with ASDs (n = 41) and in typically developing (TD) children (n = 58) matched on age, IQ, and sex ratio. Children with ASDs gave responses that received lower intentionality and appropriateness ratings than did TD children in both the goal-directed and theory of mind (ToM) conditions. Results remained unchanged when the effects of verbal output (i.e., number of clause produced) and verbal IQ were included as covariates in the analyses. Whereas age was highly associated with ToM performance in the TD children, this relationship was not as strong among children with ASDs. These results indicate not only a diminished tendency among high functioning children with ASDs to attribute social meaning and intentionality to ambiguous visual displays of interactive forms but also an aberrant developmental trajectory. That is, children with ASDs may fall further behind their typically developing peers in social attribution abilities as they get older. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.07.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=179

Modulation of attentional blink with emotional faces in typical development and in autism spectrum disorders / Benjamin E. YERYS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-6 (June 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-6 (June 2013) . - p.636-643 Titre : Modulation of attentional blink with emotional faces in typical development and in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Ericka RUIZ, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur ; Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Chandan J. VAIDYA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.636-643 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic Disorder  attention  emotion regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The attentional blink (AB) phenomenon was used to assess the effect of emotional information on early visual attention in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The AB effect is the momentary perceptual unawareness that follows target identification in a rapid serial visual processing stream. It is abolished or reduced for emotional stimuli, indicating that emotional information has privileged access to early visual attention processes. Methods: We examined the AB effect for faces with neutral and angry facial expressions in 8- to 14-year-old children with and without an ASD diagnosis. Results: Children with ASD exhibited the same magnitude AB effect as TD children for both neutral and angry faces. Conclusions: Early visual attention to emotional facial expressions was preserved in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200 [article] Modulation of attentional blink with emotional faces in typical development and in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Ericka RUIZ, Auteur ; John F. STRANG, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur ; Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Chandan J. VAIDYA, Auteur . - p.636-643. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-6 (June 2013) . - p.636-643 Mots-clés : Autistic Disorder  attention  emotion regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The attentional blink (AB) phenomenon was used to assess the effect of emotional information on early visual attention in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The AB effect is the momentary perceptual unawareness that follows target identification in a rapid serial visual processing stream. It is abolished or reduced for emotional stimuli, indicating that emotional information has privileged access to early visual attention processes. Methods: We examined the AB effect for faces with neutral and angry facial expressions in 8- to 14-year-old children with and without an ASD diagnosis. Results: Children with ASD exhibited the same magnitude AB effect as TD children for both neutral and angry faces. Conclusions: Early visual attention to emotional facial expressions was preserved in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=200

Randomized controlled effectiveness trial of executive function intervention for children on the autism spectrum / Lauren E. KENWORTHY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-4 (April 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-4 (April 2014) . - p.374-383 Titre : Randomized controlled effectiveness trial of executive function intervention for children on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Laura G. ANTHONY, Auteur ; Daniel Q. NAIMAN, Auteur ; Lynn R. CANNON, Auteur ; Meagan C. WILLS, Auteur ; Caroline LUONG-TRAN, Auteur ; Monica Adler WERNER, Auteur ; Katie C. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; John STRANG, Auteur ; Elgiz BAL, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.374-383 Mots-clés : Autism  executive function  RRBI  intervention  CBT Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Unstuck and On Target (UOT) is an executive function (EF) intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) targeting insistence on sameness, flexibility, goal-setting, and planning through a cognitive-behavioral program of self-regulatory scripts, guided/faded practice, and visual/verbal cueing. UOT is contextually-based because it is implemented in school and at home, the contexts in which a child uses EF skills. Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of UOT compared with a social skills intervention (SS), 3rd–5th graders with ASD (mean IQ = 108; UOT n = 47; SS n = 20) received interventions delivered by school staff in small group sessions. Students were matched for gender, age, race, IQ, ASD symptomotolgy, medication status, and parents' education. Interventions were matched for ‘dose’ of intervention and training. Measures of pre–post change included classroom observations, parent/teacher report, and direct child measures of problem-solving, EF, and social skills. Schools were randomized and evaluators, but not parents or teachers, were blinded to intervention type. Results Interventions were administered with high fidelity. Children in both groups improved with intervention, but mean change scores from pre- to postintervention indicated significantly greater improvements for UOT than SS groups in: problem-solving, flexibility, and planning/organizing. Also, classroom observations revealed that participants in UOT made greater improvements than SS participants in their ability to follow rules, make transitions, and be flexible. Children in both groups made equivalent improvements in social skills. Conclusions These data support the effectiveness of the first contextually-based EF intervention for children with ASD. UOT improved classroom behavior, flexibility, and problem-solving in children with ASD. Individuals with variable background/training in ASD successfully implemented UOT in mainstream educational settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12161 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230 [article] Randomized controlled effectiveness trial of executive function intervention for children on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren E. KENWORTHY, Auteur ; Laura G. ANTHONY, Auteur ; Daniel Q. NAIMAN, Auteur ; Lynn R. CANNON, Auteur ; Meagan C. WILLS, Auteur ; Caroline LUONG-TRAN, Auteur ; Monica Adler WERNER, Auteur ; Katie C. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; John STRANG, Auteur ; Elgiz BAL, Auteur ; Jennifer L. SOKOLOFF, Auteur ; Gregory L. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.374-383. in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-4 (April 2014) . - p.374-383 Mots-clés : Autism  executive function  RRBI  intervention  CBT Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Unstuck and On Target (UOT) is an executive function (EF) intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) targeting insistence on sameness, flexibility, goal-setting, and planning through a cognitive-behavioral program of self-regulatory scripts, guided/faded practice, and visual/verbal cueing. UOT is contextually-based because it is implemented in school and at home, the contexts in which a child uses EF skills. Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of UOT compared with a social skills intervention (SS), 3rd–5th graders with ASD (mean IQ = 108; UOT n = 47; SS n = 20) received interventions delivered by school staff in small group sessions. Students were matched for gender, age, race, IQ, ASD symptomotolgy, medication status, and parents' education. Interventions were matched for ‘dose’ of intervention and training. Measures of pre–post change included classroom observations, parent/teacher report, and direct child measures of problem-solving, EF, and social skills. Schools were randomized and evaluators, but not parents or teachers, were blinded to intervention type. Results Interventions were administered with high fidelity. Children in both groups improved with intervention, but mean change scores from pre- to postintervention indicated significantly greater improvements for UOT than SS groups in: problem-solving, flexibility, and planning/organizing. Also, classroom observations revealed that participants in UOT made greater improvements than SS participants in their ability to follow rules, make transitions, and be flexible. Children in both groups made equivalent improvements in social skills. Conclusions These data support the effectiveness of the first contextually-based EF intervention for children with ASD. UOT improved classroom behavior, flexibility, and problem-solving in children with ASD. Individuals with variable background/training in ASD successfully implemented UOT in mainstream educational settings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12161 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230

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