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Auteur Emily SIMONOFF |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (58)
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The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: evidence from a population study / Courtenay F. NORBURY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-11 (November 2016)
[article]
Titre : The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: evidence from a population study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Courtenay F. NORBURY, Auteur ; Debbie GOOCH, Auteur ; Charlotte WRAY, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; George VAMVAKAS, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1247-1257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Developmental language disorder NVIQ discrepancy prevalence functional impairment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Diagnosis of ‘specific’ language impairment traditionally required nonverbal IQ to be within normal limits, often resulting in restricted access to clinical services for children with lower NVIQ. Changes to DSM-5 criteria for language disorder removed this NVIQ requirement. This study sought to delineate the impact of varying NVIQ criteria on prevalence, clinical presentation and functional impact of language disorder in the first UK population study of language impairment at school entry. Methods A population-based survey design with sample weighting procedures was used to estimate population prevalence. We surveyed state-maintained reception classrooms (n = 161 or 61% of eligible schools) in Surrey, England. From a total population of 12,398 children (ages 4–5 years), 7,267 (59%) were screened. A stratified subsample (n = 529) received comprehensive assessment of language, NVIQ, social, emotional and behavioural problems, and academic attainment. Results The total population prevalence estimate of language disorder was 9.92% (95% CI 7.38, 13.20). The prevalence of language disorder of unknown origin was estimated to be 7.58% (95% CI 5.33, 10.66), while the prevalence of language impairment associated with intellectual disability and/or existing medical diagnosis was 2.34% (95% CI 1.40, 3.91). Children with language disorder displayed elevated symptoms of social, emotional and behavioural problems relative to peers, F(1, 466) = 7.88, p = .05, and 88% did not make expected academic progress. There were no differences between those with average and low-average NVIQ scores in severity of language deficit, social, emotional and behavioural problems, or educational attainment. In contrast, children with language impairments associated with known medical diagnosis and/or intellectual disability displayed more severe deficits on multiple measures. Conclusions At school entry, approximately two children in every class of 30 pupils will experience language disorder severe enough to hinder academic progress. Access to specialist clinical services should not depend on NVIQ. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-11 (November 2016) . - p.1247-1257[article] The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: evidence from a population study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Courtenay F. NORBURY, Auteur ; Debbie GOOCH, Auteur ; Charlotte WRAY, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; George VAMVAKAS, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur . - p.1247-1257.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-11 (November 2016) . - p.1247-1257
Mots-clés : Developmental language disorder NVIQ discrepancy prevalence functional impairment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Diagnosis of ‘specific’ language impairment traditionally required nonverbal IQ to be within normal limits, often resulting in restricted access to clinical services for children with lower NVIQ. Changes to DSM-5 criteria for language disorder removed this NVIQ requirement. This study sought to delineate the impact of varying NVIQ criteria on prevalence, clinical presentation and functional impact of language disorder in the first UK population study of language impairment at school entry. Methods A population-based survey design with sample weighting procedures was used to estimate population prevalence. We surveyed state-maintained reception classrooms (n = 161 or 61% of eligible schools) in Surrey, England. From a total population of 12,398 children (ages 4–5 years), 7,267 (59%) were screened. A stratified subsample (n = 529) received comprehensive assessment of language, NVIQ, social, emotional and behavioural problems, and academic attainment. Results The total population prevalence estimate of language disorder was 9.92% (95% CI 7.38, 13.20). The prevalence of language disorder of unknown origin was estimated to be 7.58% (95% CI 5.33, 10.66), while the prevalence of language impairment associated with intellectual disability and/or existing medical diagnosis was 2.34% (95% CI 1.40, 3.91). Children with language disorder displayed elevated symptoms of social, emotional and behavioural problems relative to peers, F(1, 466) = 7.88, p = .05, and 88% did not make expected academic progress. There were no differences between those with average and low-average NVIQ scores in severity of language deficit, social, emotional and behavioural problems, or educational attainment. In contrast, children with language impairments associated with known medical diagnosis and/or intellectual disability displayed more severe deficits on multiple measures. Conclusions At school entry, approximately two children in every class of 30 pupils will experience language disorder severe enough to hinder academic progress. Access to specialist clinical services should not depend on NVIQ. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 The measurement properties of the spence children's anxiety scale-parent version in a large international pooled sample of young people with autism spectrum disorder / Iliana MAGIATI in Autism Research, 10-10 (October 2017)
[article]
Titre : The measurement properties of the spence children's anxiety scale-parent version in a large international pooled sample of young people with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur ; Jian Wei LERH, Auteur ; Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Helen MCCONACHIE, Auteur ; Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Amy VAN HECKE, Auteur ; Antonio HARDAN, Auteur ; Robin LIBOVE, Auteur ; Susan LEEKAM, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1629-1652 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder anxiety parent report measurement assessment reliability validity factor structure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety-related difficulties are common in ASD, but measuring anxiety reliably and validly is challenging. Despite an increasing number of studies, there is no clear agreement on which existing anxiety measure is more psychometrically sound and what is the factor structure of anxiety in ASD. The present study examined the internal consistency, convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity, as well as the factor structure of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent Version (SCAS-P), in a large international pooled sample of 870 caregivers of youth with ASD from 12 studies in the United Kingdom, United States, and Singapore who completed the SCAS-P. Most were community recruited, while the majority had at least one measure of ASD symptomatology and either cognitive or adaptive functioning measures completed. Existing SCAS-P total scale and subscales had excellent internal consistency and good convergent, divergent and discriminant validity similar to or better than SCAS-P properties reported in typically developing children, except for the poorer internal consistency of the physical injury subscale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the existing SCAS-P six-correlated factor structure was a poor fit for this pooled database. Principal component analysis using half of the pooled sample identified a 30-item five correlated factor structure, but a CFA of this PCA-derived structure in the second half of this pooled sample revealed a poor fit, although the PCA-derived SCAS-P scale and subscales had stronger validity and better internal consistency than the original SCAS-P. The study's limitations, the use of the SCAS-P to screen for DSM-derived anxiety problems in ASD and future research directions are discussed. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1629–1652. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1809 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322
in Autism Research > 10-10 (October 2017) . - p.1629-1652[article] The measurement properties of the spence children's anxiety scale-parent version in a large international pooled sample of young people with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Iliana MAGIATI, Auteur ; Jian Wei LERH, Auteur ; Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Helen MCCONACHIE, Auteur ; Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Amy VAN HECKE, Auteur ; Antonio HARDAN, Auteur ; Robin LIBOVE, Auteur ; Susan LEEKAM, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur . - p.1629-1652.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 10-10 (October 2017) . - p.1629-1652
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder anxiety parent report measurement assessment reliability validity factor structure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anxiety-related difficulties are common in ASD, but measuring anxiety reliably and validly is challenging. Despite an increasing number of studies, there is no clear agreement on which existing anxiety measure is more psychometrically sound and what is the factor structure of anxiety in ASD. The present study examined the internal consistency, convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity, as well as the factor structure of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent Version (SCAS-P), in a large international pooled sample of 870 caregivers of youth with ASD from 12 studies in the United Kingdom, United States, and Singapore who completed the SCAS-P. Most were community recruited, while the majority had at least one measure of ASD symptomatology and either cognitive or adaptive functioning measures completed. Existing SCAS-P total scale and subscales had excellent internal consistency and good convergent, divergent and discriminant validity similar to or better than SCAS-P properties reported in typically developing children, except for the poorer internal consistency of the physical injury subscale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the existing SCAS-P six-correlated factor structure was a poor fit for this pooled database. Principal component analysis using half of the pooled sample identified a 30-item five correlated factor structure, but a CFA of this PCA-derived structure in the second half of this pooled sample revealed a poor fit, although the PCA-derived SCAS-P scale and subscales had stronger validity and better internal consistency than the original SCAS-P. The study's limitations, the use of the SCAS-P to screen for DSM-derived anxiety problems in ASD and future research directions are discussed. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1629–1652. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1809 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 The persistence and stability of psychiatric problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders / Emily SIMONOFF in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-2 (February 2013)
[article]
Titre : The persistence and stability of psychiatric problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Catherine R. G. JONES, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.186-194 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder psychopathology psychiatric disorders emotional and behavioural problems SNAP longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Psychiatric problems are common in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the reasons are poorly understood. We use a longitudinal population-representative cohort to examine for the first time the persistence of psychiatric problems and to identify risk factors for their occurrence and stability. Methods: Eighty-one 16-year olds (75 male, six female), initially seen at 12 years, were re-assessed using the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Child, family and contextual characteristics from age 12 were tested as risk factors for psychopathology. Results: Prevalence rates varied depending on whether general population or ASD-specific SDQ cut-offs were used. While the former suggested a decrease in psychiatric problems over time, the ASD-specific cut-offs showed no significant differences. With the exception of ADHD, the ASD-specific cut-offs identified a smaller proportion of individuals as ‘affected' than did the general population cut-offs. There was longitudinal domain specificity, with parent correlations ranging from 0.50 to 0.58 and teacher SDQ reports at age 12 correlating 0.33–0.53 with parent reports at 16 years. In examining the role of risk factors, lower IQ and adaptive functioning predicted higher hyperactivity and total difficulties scores. Greater emotional problems at 16 were predicted by poorer maternal mental health, family-based deprivation and lower social class. Improvement from 12 to 16 years in conduct problems was predicted by greater neighbourhood deprivation and special school attendance. Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study of other psychiatric symptoms in ASD. Additional psychiatric problems in ASD are persistent and domain-specific from childhood to adolescence. The finding that age-related reduction in SDQ symptoms does not apply when ASD-specific cut-offs are used requires further evaluation using diagnostic measures. Only a few of the expected risk factor-psychopathology predictions expected from general population studies were found, raising the possibility that the causes of psychopathology in ASD differ from those in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02606.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=188
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-2 (February 2013) . - p.186-194[article] The persistence and stability of psychiatric problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Catherine R. G. JONES, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.186-194.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-2 (February 2013) . - p.186-194
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder psychopathology psychiatric disorders emotional and behavioural problems SNAP longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Psychiatric problems are common in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the reasons are poorly understood. We use a longitudinal population-representative cohort to examine for the first time the persistence of psychiatric problems and to identify risk factors for their occurrence and stability. Methods: Eighty-one 16-year olds (75 male, six female), initially seen at 12 years, were re-assessed using the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Child, family and contextual characteristics from age 12 were tested as risk factors for psychopathology. Results: Prevalence rates varied depending on whether general population or ASD-specific SDQ cut-offs were used. While the former suggested a decrease in psychiatric problems over time, the ASD-specific cut-offs showed no significant differences. With the exception of ADHD, the ASD-specific cut-offs identified a smaller proportion of individuals as ‘affected' than did the general population cut-offs. There was longitudinal domain specificity, with parent correlations ranging from 0.50 to 0.58 and teacher SDQ reports at age 12 correlating 0.33–0.53 with parent reports at 16 years. In examining the role of risk factors, lower IQ and adaptive functioning predicted higher hyperactivity and total difficulties scores. Greater emotional problems at 16 were predicted by poorer maternal mental health, family-based deprivation and lower social class. Improvement from 12 to 16 years in conduct problems was predicted by greater neighbourhood deprivation and special school attendance. Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study of other psychiatric symptoms in ASD. Additional psychiatric problems in ASD are persistent and domain-specific from childhood to adolescence. The finding that age-related reduction in SDQ symptoms does not apply when ASD-specific cut-offs are used requires further evaluation using diagnostic measures. Only a few of the expected risk factor-psychopathology predictions expected from general population studies were found, raising the possibility that the causes of psychopathology in ASD differ from those in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02606.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=188 The Relationship Between Attentional Bias and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Matthew J. HOLLOCKS in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)
[article]
Titre : The Relationship Between Attentional Bias and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Claire E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.237-247 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders anxiety attentional bias cognitive emotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to have heightened levels of anxiety compared with their typically developing (non-ASD) peers. The reasons for this are poorly understood, and there has been little research investigating the cognitive correlates of anxiety in individuals with ASD. Typically developing youth with anxiety disorders have frequently been found to show an attentional bias toward threatening information. In this study, we examined whether such a bias was also found in young people with ASD and anxiety symptoms. The protocol utilized two versions of the dot-probe paradigm, the first with emotional faces and the second with emotional words. Participants comprised 38 boys with an ASD and 41 typically developing controls aged 10–16 years of age. Those with an ASD displayed higher levels of parent- and child-rated anxiety (both P??0.001) and depression (P??0.001) compared with controls. However, there were no significant group differences in attentional bias scores and no significant relationship between anxiety and attentional bias in either the face or word tasks, for either group. Our findings suggest that, for young people with ASD, unlike non-ASD individuals with an anxiety disorder, high levels of anxiety may not be associated with attentional bias to threat. This may indicate that anxiety in ASD has different cognitive correlates from anxiety in the typically developing population. Further conclusions, study limitations, and future directions are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1285 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212
in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.237-247[article] The Relationship Between Attentional Bias and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Claire E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur . - p.237-247.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.237-247
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders anxiety attentional bias cognitive emotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to have heightened levels of anxiety compared with their typically developing (non-ASD) peers. The reasons for this are poorly understood, and there has been little research investigating the cognitive correlates of anxiety in individuals with ASD. Typically developing youth with anxiety disorders have frequently been found to show an attentional bias toward threatening information. In this study, we examined whether such a bias was also found in young people with ASD and anxiety symptoms. The protocol utilized two versions of the dot-probe paradigm, the first with emotional faces and the second with emotional words. Participants comprised 38 boys with an ASD and 41 typically developing controls aged 10–16 years of age. Those with an ASD displayed higher levels of parent- and child-rated anxiety (both P??0.001) and depression (P??0.001) compared with controls. However, there were no significant group differences in attentional bias scores and no significant relationship between anxiety and attentional bias in either the face or word tasks, for either group. Our findings suggest that, for young people with ASD, unlike non-ASD individuals with an anxiety disorder, high levels of anxiety may not be associated with attentional bias to threat. This may indicate that anxiety in ASD has different cognitive correlates from anxiety in the typically developing population. Further conclusions, study limitations, and future directions are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1285 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 The Variation of Psychopharmacological Prescription Rates for People With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 30 Countries / Angel Y. S. WONG in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)
[article]
Titre : The Variation of Psychopharmacological Prescription Rates for People With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 30 Countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Angel Y. S. WONG, Auteur ; Yingfen HSIA, Auteur ; Esther W. CHAN, Auteur ; Declan G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.543-554 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : epidemiology Gross Domestic Product Psychopharmacology Multinational study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is significant variation in prescriptions among countries in clinical practice for the treatment of comorbidities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been suggested that many people with mental health disorders in low-/middle-income countries do not receive adequate treatment. Hence, this study investigated psychopharmacological treatment patterns for ASD comorbidities in 30 countries and the association between country's income and prescription rates. The IMS Prescribing Insights database was used to investigate prescription patterns for ASD comorbidity treatment from 2007 to 2012. Data were obtained from 30 countries in continents of Europe, Asia, Oceania, Central America, South America, and Africa. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was used as a proxy for each country's income. Spearman correlation was used to examine the association between prescription rate and GDP per capita. The highest prescription rates were found in Western Europe (3.89–36.36/10,000) while the lowest prescription rates were found in Asian countries, such as Turkey, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan (0.04–0.82/10,000). The most commonly prescribed drug for ASD comorbidity treatment in most of the countries was risperidone, but antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs were also frequently prescribed. There was a significant positive correlation between GDP per capita and prescription rate (Spearman ??=?0.60; P?=?0.0011; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.81), that is, the higher the GDP per capita, the higher the prescription rate. There are marked international differences in prescription rates, and this is partially accounted by economic factors. Future research should combine more data for ASD comorbidity treatment to explore the disparity of psychopharmacological treatment between countries. Autism Res 2014, 7: 543–554. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1391 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241
in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.543-554[article] The Variation of Psychopharmacological Prescription Rates for People With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 30 Countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Angel Y. S. WONG, Auteur ; Yingfen HSIA, Auteur ; Esther W. CHAN, Auteur ; Declan G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur . - p.543-554.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.543-554
Mots-clés : epidemiology Gross Domestic Product Psychopharmacology Multinational study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is significant variation in prescriptions among countries in clinical practice for the treatment of comorbidities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been suggested that many people with mental health disorders in low-/middle-income countries do not receive adequate treatment. Hence, this study investigated psychopharmacological treatment patterns for ASD comorbidities in 30 countries and the association between country's income and prescription rates. The IMS Prescribing Insights database was used to investigate prescription patterns for ASD comorbidity treatment from 2007 to 2012. Data were obtained from 30 countries in continents of Europe, Asia, Oceania, Central America, South America, and Africa. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was used as a proxy for each country's income. Spearman correlation was used to examine the association between prescription rate and GDP per capita. The highest prescription rates were found in Western Europe (3.89–36.36/10,000) while the lowest prescription rates were found in Asian countries, such as Turkey, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan (0.04–0.82/10,000). The most commonly prescribed drug for ASD comorbidity treatment in most of the countries was risperidone, but antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs were also frequently prescribed. There was a significant positive correlation between GDP per capita and prescription rate (Spearman ??=?0.60; P?=?0.0011; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.81), that is, the higher the GDP per capita, the higher the prescription rate. There are marked international differences in prescription rates, and this is partially accounted by economic factors. Future research should combine more data for ASD comorbidity treatment to explore the disparity of psychopharmacological treatment between countries. Autism Res 2014, 7: 543–554. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1391 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 Trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems from childhood to early adult life / Dominic STRINGER in Autism, 24-4 (May 2020)
PermalinkUnderstanding the heterogeneity of anxiety in autistic youth: A person-centered approach / Emily SPACKMAN in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)
PermalinkYounger children experience lower levels of language competence and academic progress in the first year of school: evidence from a population study / Courtenay F. NORBURY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-1 (January 2016)
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