Dépouillements

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Kate JOHNSTON in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.225-236 Titre : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Antonia DITTNER, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Anya KNIGHT, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.225-236 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  attention  adults  neuropsychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairments on neuropsychological, tests of attention have been documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To date, there has been a lack of research comparing attention in adults with ASD and adults with ADHD. In study 1, 31 adults with ASD and average intellectual function completed self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. These were compared with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms in 38 adults with ADHD and 29 general population controls. In study 2, 28 adults with a diagnosis of ASD were compared with an age- and intelligence quotient-matched sample of 28 adults with ADHD across a range of measures of attention. Study 1 showed that 36.7% of adults with ASD met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria for current ADHD “caseness” (Barkley Current self-report scores questionnaire). Those with a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified were most likely to describe ADHD symptoms. The ASD group differed significantly from both the ADHD and control groups on total and individual symptom self-report scores. On neuropsychological testing, adults with ASD and ADHD showed comparable performance on tests of selective attention. Significant group differences were seen on measures of attentional switching; adults with ADHD were significantly faster and more inaccurate, and individuals with Asperger's syndrome showed a significantly slower and more accurate response style. Self-reported rates of ADHD among adults with ASD are significantly higher than in the general adult population and may be underdiagnosed. Adults with ASD have attentional difficulties on some neuropsychological measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1283 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Antonia DITTNER, Auteur ; Jessica BRAMHAM, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Anya KNIGHT, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.225-236. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.225-236 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)  attention  adults  neuropsychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairments on neuropsychological, tests of attention have been documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). To date, there has been a lack of research comparing attention in adults with ASD and adults with ADHD. In study 1, 31 adults with ASD and average intellectual function completed self-report measures of ADHD symptoms. These were compared with self-report measures of ADHD symptoms in 38 adults with ADHD and 29 general population controls. In study 2, 28 adults with a diagnosis of ASD were compared with an age- and intelligence quotient-matched sample of 28 adults with ADHD across a range of measures of attention. Study 1 showed that 36.7% of adults with ASD met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria for current ADHD “caseness” (Barkley Current self-report scores questionnaire). Those with a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified were most likely to describe ADHD symptoms. The ASD group differed significantly from both the ADHD and control groups on total and individual symptom self-report scores. On neuropsychological testing, adults with ASD and ADHD showed comparable performance on tests of selective attention. Significant group differences were seen on measures of attentional switching; adults with ADHD were significantly faster and more inaccurate, and individuals with Asperger's syndrome showed a significantly slower and more accurate response style. Self-reported rates of ADHD among adults with ASD are significantly higher than in the general adult population and may be underdiagnosed. Adults with ASD have attentional difficulties on some neuropsychological measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1283 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

The Relationship Between Attentional Bias and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Matthew J. HOLLOCKS in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.237-247 Titre : The Relationship Between Attentional Bias and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Claire E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.237-247 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  anxiety  attentional bias  cognitive  emotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to have heightened levels of anxiety compared with their typically developing (non-ASD) peers. The reasons for this are poorly understood, and there has been little research investigating the cognitive correlates of anxiety in individuals with ASD. Typically developing youth with anxiety disorders have frequently been found to show an attentional bias toward threatening information. In this study, we examined whether such a bias was also found in young people with ASD and anxiety symptoms. The protocol utilized two versions of the dot-probe paradigm, the first with emotional faces and the second with emotional words. Participants comprised 38 boys with an ASD and 41 typically developing controls aged 10–16 years of age. Those with an ASD displayed higher levels of parent- and child-rated anxiety (both P??0.001) and depression (P??0.001) compared with controls. However, there were no significant group differences in attentional bias scores and no significant relationship between anxiety and attentional bias in either the face or word tasks, for either group. Our findings suggest that, for young people with ASD, unlike non-ASD individuals with an anxiety disorder, high levels of anxiety may not be associated with attentional bias to threat. This may indicate that anxiety in ASD has different cognitive correlates from anxiety in the typically developing population. Further conclusions, study limitations, and future directions are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1285 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] The Relationship Between Attentional Bias and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew J. HOLLOCKS, Auteur ; Ann OZSIVADJIAN, Auteur ; Claire E. MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur . - p.237-247. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.237-247 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  anxiety  attentional bias  cognitive  emotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Young people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to have heightened levels of anxiety compared with their typically developing (non-ASD) peers. The reasons for this are poorly understood, and there has been little research investigating the cognitive correlates of anxiety in individuals with ASD. Typically developing youth with anxiety disorders have frequently been found to show an attentional bias toward threatening information. In this study, we examined whether such a bias was also found in young people with ASD and anxiety symptoms. The protocol utilized two versions of the dot-probe paradigm, the first with emotional faces and the second with emotional words. Participants comprised 38 boys with an ASD and 41 typically developing controls aged 10–16 years of age. Those with an ASD displayed higher levels of parent- and child-rated anxiety (both P??0.001) and depression (P??0.001) compared with controls. However, there were no significant group differences in attentional bias scores and no significant relationship between anxiety and attentional bias in either the face or word tasks, for either group. Our findings suggest that, for young people with ASD, unlike non-ASD individuals with an anxiety disorder, high levels of anxiety may not be associated with attentional bias to threat. This may indicate that anxiety in ASD has different cognitive correlates from anxiety in the typically developing population. Further conclusions, study limitations, and future directions are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1285 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

Prenatal and Early-Life Exposure to High-Level Diesel Exhaust Particles Leads to Increased Locomotor Activity and Repetitive Behaviors in Mice / Keerthi THIRTAMARA RAJAMANI in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.248-257 Titre : Prenatal and Early-Life Exposure to High-Level Diesel Exhaust Particles Leads to Increased Locomotor Activity and Repetitive Behaviors in Mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Keerthi THIRTAMARA RAJAMANI, Auteur ; Shannon DOHERTY-LYONS, Auteur ; Crystal BOLDEN, Auteur ; Daniel WILLIS, Auteur ; Carol HOFFMAN, Auteur ; Judith ZELIKOFF, Auteur ; Lung-Chi CHEN, Auteur ; Howard GU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.248-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : diesel exhaust particles  early-life exposure  autism  repetitive behaviors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abundant evidence indicates that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, limited knowledge is available concerning these contributing factors. An epidemiology study reported a link between increased incidence of autism and living closely to major highways, suggesting a possible role for pollutants from highway traffic. We investigated whether maternal exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) negatively affects fetal development leading to autism-like phenotype in mice. Female mice and their offspring were exposed to DEP during pregnancy and nursing. Adult male offspring were then tested for behaviors reflecting the typical symptoms of ASD patients. Compared to control mice, DEP-exposed offspring exhibited higher locomotor activity, elevated levels of self-grooming in the presence of an unfamiliar mouse, and increased rearing behaviors, which may be relevant to the restricted and repetitive behaviors seen in ASD patients. However, the DEP-exposed mice did not exhibit deficits in social interactions or social communication which are the key features of ASD. These results suggest that early life exposure to DEP could have an impact on mouse development leading to observable changes in animal behaviors. Further studies are needed to reveal other environmental insults and genetic factors that would lead to animal models expressing key phenotypes of the autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1287 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] Prenatal and Early-Life Exposure to High-Level Diesel Exhaust Particles Leads to Increased Locomotor Activity and Repetitive Behaviors in Mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Keerthi THIRTAMARA RAJAMANI, Auteur ; Shannon DOHERTY-LYONS, Auteur ; Crystal BOLDEN, Auteur ; Daniel WILLIS, Auteur ; Carol HOFFMAN, Auteur ; Judith ZELIKOFF, Auteur ; Lung-Chi CHEN, Auteur ; Howard GU, Auteur . - p.248-257. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.248-257 Mots-clés : diesel exhaust particles  early-life exposure  autism  repetitive behaviors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abundant evidence indicates that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, limited knowledge is available concerning these contributing factors. An epidemiology study reported a link between increased incidence of autism and living closely to major highways, suggesting a possible role for pollutants from highway traffic. We investigated whether maternal exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) negatively affects fetal development leading to autism-like phenotype in mice. Female mice and their offspring were exposed to DEP during pregnancy and nursing. Adult male offspring were then tested for behaviors reflecting the typical symptoms of ASD patients. Compared to control mice, DEP-exposed offspring exhibited higher locomotor activity, elevated levels of self-grooming in the presence of an unfamiliar mouse, and increased rearing behaviors, which may be relevant to the restricted and repetitive behaviors seen in ASD patients. However, the DEP-exposed mice did not exhibit deficits in social interactions or social communication which are the key features of ASD. These results suggest that early life exposure to DEP could have an impact on mouse development leading to observable changes in animal behaviors. Further studies are needed to reveal other environmental insults and genetic factors that would lead to animal models expressing key phenotypes of the autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1287 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

Testing the Predictive Power of Cognitive Atypicalities in Autistic Children: Evidence from a 3-Year Follow-Up Study / Elizabeth PELLICANO in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.258-267 Titre : Testing the Predictive Power of Cognitive Atypicalities in Autistic Children: Evidence from a 3-Year Follow-Up Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.258-267 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : predictive  outcome  theory of mind  executive function  central coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This follow-up study investigated the predictive power of early cognitive atypicalities. Specifically, it examined whether early individual differences in specific cognitive skills, including theory of mind, executive function, and central coherence, could uniquely account for variation in autistic children's behaviors—social communication, repetitive behaviors, and interests and insistence on sameness—at follow-up. Thirty-seven cognitively able children with an autism spectrum condition were assessed on tests tapping verbal and nonverbal ability, theory of mind (false-belief prediction), executive function (planning ability, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control), and central coherence (local processing) at intake and their behavioral functioning (social communication, repetitive behaviors and interests, insistence on sameness) 3 years later. Individual differences in early executive but not theory of mind skills predicted variation in children's social communication. Individual differences in children's early executive function also predicted the degree of repetitive behaviors and interests at follow-up. There were no predictive relationships between early central coherence and children's insistence on sameness. These findings challenge the notion that distinct cognitive atypicalities map on to specific behavioral features of autism. Instead, early variation in executive function plays a key role in helping to shape autistic children's emerging behaviors, including their social communication and repetitive behaviors and interests. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1286 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] Testing the Predictive Power of Cognitive Atypicalities in Autistic Children: Evidence from a 3-Year Follow-Up Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.258-267. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.258-267 Mots-clés : predictive  outcome  theory of mind  executive function  central coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This follow-up study investigated the predictive power of early cognitive atypicalities. Specifically, it examined whether early individual differences in specific cognitive skills, including theory of mind, executive function, and central coherence, could uniquely account for variation in autistic children's behaviors—social communication, repetitive behaviors, and interests and insistence on sameness—at follow-up. Thirty-seven cognitively able children with an autism spectrum condition were assessed on tests tapping verbal and nonverbal ability, theory of mind (false-belief prediction), executive function (planning ability, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control), and central coherence (local processing) at intake and their behavioral functioning (social communication, repetitive behaviors and interests, insistence on sameness) 3 years later. Individual differences in early executive but not theory of mind skills predicted variation in children's social communication. Individual differences in children's early executive function also predicted the degree of repetitive behaviors and interests at follow-up. There were no predictive relationships between early central coherence and children's insistence on sameness. These findings challenge the notion that distinct cognitive atypicalities map on to specific behavioral features of autism. Instead, early variation in executive function plays a key role in helping to shape autistic children's emerging behaviors, including their social communication and repetitive behaviors and interests. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1286 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

The Interstitial Duplication 15q11.2-q13 Syndrome Includes Autism, Mild Facial Anomalies and a Characteristic EEG Signature / Nora URRACA in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.268-279 Titre : The Interstitial Duplication 15q11.2-q13 Syndrome Includes Autism, Mild Facial Anomalies and a Characteristic EEG Signature Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nora URRACA, Auteur ; Julie CLEARY, Auteur ; Victoria BREWER, Auteur ; Eniko K. PIVNICK, Auteur ; Kathryn MCVICAR, Auteur ; Ronald L. THIBERT, Auteur ; N. Carolyn SCHANEN, Auteur ; Carmen ESMER, Auteur ; Dustin LAMPORT, Auteur ; Lawrence T. REITER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.268-279 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  15q duplication  imprinting  copy number variation  UBE3A Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chromosomal copy number variants (CNV) are the most common genetic lesion found in autism. Many autism-associated CNVs are duplications of chromosome 15q. Although most cases of interstitial (int) dup(15) that present clinically are de novo and maternally derived or inherited, both pathogenic and unaffected paternal duplications of 15q have been identified. We performed a phenotype/genotype analysis of individuals with interstitial 15q duplications to broaden our understanding of the 15q syndrome and investigate the contribution of 15q duplication to increased autism risk. All subjects were recruited solely on the basis of interstitial duplication 15q11.2-q13 status. Comparative array genome hybridization was used to determine the duplication size and boundaries while the methylation status of the maternally methylated small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N gene was used to determine the parent of origin of the duplication. We determined the duplication size and parental origin for 14 int dup(15) subjects: 10 maternal and 4 paternal cases. The majority of int dup(15) cases recruited were maternal in origin, most likely due to our finding that maternal duplication was coincident with autism spectrum disorder. The size of the duplication did not correlate with the severity of the phenotype as established by Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale calibrated severity score. We identified phenotypes not comprehensively described before in this cohort including mild facial dysmorphism, sleep problems and an unusual electroencephalogram variant. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the maternally expressed ubiquitin protein ligase E3A gene is primarily responsible for the autism phenotype in int dup(15) since all maternal cases tested presented on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1284 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] The Interstitial Duplication 15q11.2-q13 Syndrome Includes Autism, Mild Facial Anomalies and a Characteristic EEG Signature [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nora URRACA, Auteur ; Julie CLEARY, Auteur ; Victoria BREWER, Auteur ; Eniko K. PIVNICK, Auteur ; Kathryn MCVICAR, Auteur ; Ronald L. THIBERT, Auteur ; N. Carolyn SCHANEN, Auteur ; Carmen ESMER, Auteur ; Dustin LAMPORT, Auteur ; Lawrence T. REITER, Auteur . - p.268-279. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.268-279 Mots-clés : autism  15q duplication  imprinting  copy number variation  UBE3A Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chromosomal copy number variants (CNV) are the most common genetic lesion found in autism. Many autism-associated CNVs are duplications of chromosome 15q. Although most cases of interstitial (int) dup(15) that present clinically are de novo and maternally derived or inherited, both pathogenic and unaffected paternal duplications of 15q have been identified. We performed a phenotype/genotype analysis of individuals with interstitial 15q duplications to broaden our understanding of the 15q syndrome and investigate the contribution of 15q duplication to increased autism risk. All subjects were recruited solely on the basis of interstitial duplication 15q11.2-q13 status. Comparative array genome hybridization was used to determine the duplication size and boundaries while the methylation status of the maternally methylated small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N gene was used to determine the parent of origin of the duplication. We determined the duplication size and parental origin for 14 int dup(15) subjects: 10 maternal and 4 paternal cases. The majority of int dup(15) cases recruited were maternal in origin, most likely due to our finding that maternal duplication was coincident with autism spectrum disorder. The size of the duplication did not correlate with the severity of the phenotype as established by Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale calibrated severity score. We identified phenotypes not comprehensively described before in this cohort including mild facial dysmorphism, sleep problems and an unusual electroencephalogram variant. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the maternally expressed ubiquitin protein ligase E3A gene is primarily responsible for the autism phenotype in int dup(15) since all maternal cases tested presented on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1284 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

The Role of Gaze Direction in Face Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Safa R. ZAKI in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.280-287 Titre : The Role of Gaze Direction in Face Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Safa R. ZAKI, Auteur ; Shannon A. JOHNSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.280-287 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  face recognition  eye-contact  face-processing  gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested the hypothesis that the direction of gaze of target faces may play a role in reported face recognition deficits in those with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In previous studies, typically developing children and adults better remembered faces in which the eyes were gazing directly at them compared with faces in which the eyes were averted. In the current study, high-functioning children and adolescents with an ASD and age- and IQ-matched typically developing controls were shown a series of pictures of faces in a study phase. These pictures were of individuals whose gaze was either directed straight ahead or whose gaze was averted to one side. We tested the memory for these study faces in a recognition task in which the faces were shown with their eyes closed. The typically developing group better remembered the direct-gaze faces, whereas the ASD participants did not show this effect. These results imply that there may be an important link between gaze direction and face recognition abilities in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1292 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] The Role of Gaze Direction in Face Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Safa R. ZAKI, Auteur ; Shannon A. JOHNSON, Auteur . - p.280-287. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.280-287 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  face recognition  eye-contact  face-processing  gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested the hypothesis that the direction of gaze of target faces may play a role in reported face recognition deficits in those with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In previous studies, typically developing children and adults better remembered faces in which the eyes were gazing directly at them compared with faces in which the eyes were averted. In the current study, high-functioning children and adolescents with an ASD and age- and IQ-matched typically developing controls were shown a series of pictures of faces in a study phase. These pictures were of individuals whose gaze was either directed straight ahead or whose gaze was averted to one side. We tested the memory for these study faces in a recognition task in which the faces were shown with their eyes closed. The typically developing group better remembered the direct-gaze faces, whereas the ASD participants did not show this effect. These results imply that there may be an important link between gaze direction and face recognition abilities in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1292 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

Brain Function Differences in Language Processing in Children and Adults with Autism / Diane L. WILLIAMS in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.288-302 Titre : Brain Function Differences in Language Processing in Children and Adults with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Diane L. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Vladimir L. CHERKASSKY, Auteur ; Robert A. MASON, Auteur ; Timothy A. KELLER, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marcel Adam JUST, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.288-302 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : FMRI  language processing  development  functional connectivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Comparison of brain function between children and adults with autism provides an understanding of the effects of the disorder and associated maturational differences on language processing. Functional imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) was used to examine brain activation and cortical synchronization during the processing of literal and ironic texts in 15 children with autism, 14 children with typical development, 13 adults with autism, and 12 adult controls. Both the children and adults with autism had lower functional connectivity (synchronization of brain activity among activated areas) than their age and ability comparison group in the left hemisphere language network during irony processing, and neither autism group had an increase in functional connectivity in response to increased task demands. Activation differences for the literal and irony conditions occurred in key language-processing regions (left middle temporal, left pars triangularis, left pars opercularis, left medial frontal, and right middle temporal). The children and adults with autism differed from each other in the use of some brain regions during the irony task, with the adults with autism having activation levels similar to those of the control groups. Overall, the children and adults with autism differed from the adult and child controls in (a) the degree of network coordination, (b) the distribution of the workload among member nodes, and (3) the dynamic recruitment of regions in response to text content. Moreover, the differences between the two autism age groups may be indicative of positive changes in the neural function related to language processing associated with maturation and/or educational experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1291 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] Brain Function Differences in Language Processing in Children and Adults with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Diane L. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Vladimir L. CHERKASSKY, Auteur ; Robert A. MASON, Auteur ; Timothy A. KELLER, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marcel Adam JUST, Auteur . - p.288-302. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.288-302 Mots-clés : FMRI  language processing  development  functional connectivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Comparison of brain function between children and adults with autism provides an understanding of the effects of the disorder and associated maturational differences on language processing. Functional imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) was used to examine brain activation and cortical synchronization during the processing of literal and ironic texts in 15 children with autism, 14 children with typical development, 13 adults with autism, and 12 adult controls. Both the children and adults with autism had lower functional connectivity (synchronization of brain activity among activated areas) than their age and ability comparison group in the left hemisphere language network during irony processing, and neither autism group had an increase in functional connectivity in response to increased task demands. Activation differences for the literal and irony conditions occurred in key language-processing regions (left middle temporal, left pars triangularis, left pars opercularis, left medial frontal, and right middle temporal). The children and adults with autism differed from each other in the use of some brain regions during the irony task, with the adults with autism having activation levels similar to those of the control groups. Overall, the children and adults with autism differed from the adult and child controls in (a) the degree of network coordination, (b) the distribution of the workload among member nodes, and (3) the dynamic recruitment of regions in response to text content. Moreover, the differences between the two autism age groups may be indicative of positive changes in the neural function related to language processing associated with maturation and/or educational experience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1291 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

Lay Abstract in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.303-305 Titre : Lay Abstract Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.303-305 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1325 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] Lay Abstract [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.303-305. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.303-305 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1325 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

International Society for Autism Research News / Francesca HAPPE in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.306-306 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.306-306 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1326 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.306-306. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-4 (August 2013) . - p.306-306 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1326 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212