Affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder / Anneli KYLLIAINEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-7 (July 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-7 (July 2012) . - p.790-797 Titre : Affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anneli KYLLIAINEN, Auteur ; Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Marc N. COUTANCHE, Auteur ; Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; James CUSACK, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.790-797 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Direct gaze  eye contact  autism spectrum disorders  frontal EEG asymmetry  skin conductance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  It is unclear why children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to be inattentive to, or even avoid eye contact. The goal of this study was to investigate affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with ASD. To this end, we combined two measurements: skin conductance responses (SCR), a robust arousal measure, and asymmetry in frontal electroencephalography (EEG) activity which is associated with motivational approach and avoidance tendencies. We also explored whether degree of eye openness and face familiarity modulated these responses. Methods:  Skin conductance responses and frontal EEG activity were recorded from 14 children with ASD and 15 typically developing children whilst they looked at familiar and unfamiliar faces with eyes shut, normally open or wide-open. Stimuli were presented in such a way that they appeared to be looming towards the children. Results:  In typically developing children, there were no significant differences in SCRs between the different eye conditions, whereas in the ASD group the SCRs were attenuated to faces with closed eyes and increased as a function of the degree of eye openness. In both groups, familiar faces elicited marginally greater SCRs than unfamiliar faces. In typically developing children, normally open eyes elicited greater relative left-sided frontal EEG activity (associated with motivational approach) than shut eyes and wide-open eyes. In the ASD group, there were no significant differences between the gaze conditions in frontal EEG activity. Conclusions:  Collectively, the results replicate previous finding in showing atypical modulation of arousal in response to direct gaze in children with ASD but do not support the assumption that this response is associated with an avoidant motivational tendency. Instead, children with ASD may lack normative approach-related motivational response to eye contact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02522.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166 [article] Affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anneli KYLLIAINEN, Auteur ; Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Marc N. COUTANCHE, Auteur ; Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; James CUSACK, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.790-797. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-7 (July 2012) . - p.790-797 Mots-clés : Direct gaze  eye contact  autism spectrum disorders  frontal EEG asymmetry  skin conductance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  It is unclear why children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to be inattentive to, or even avoid eye contact. The goal of this study was to investigate affective–motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with ASD. To this end, we combined two measurements: skin conductance responses (SCR), a robust arousal measure, and asymmetry in frontal electroencephalography (EEG) activity which is associated with motivational approach and avoidance tendencies. We also explored whether degree of eye openness and face familiarity modulated these responses. Methods:  Skin conductance responses and frontal EEG activity were recorded from 14 children with ASD and 15 typically developing children whilst they looked at familiar and unfamiliar faces with eyes shut, normally open or wide-open. Stimuli were presented in such a way that they appeared to be looming towards the children. Results:  In typically developing children, there were no significant differences in SCRs between the different eye conditions, whereas in the ASD group the SCRs were attenuated to faces with closed eyes and increased as a function of the degree of eye openness. In both groups, familiar faces elicited marginally greater SCRs than unfamiliar faces. In typically developing children, normally open eyes elicited greater relative left-sided frontal EEG activity (associated with motivational approach) than shut eyes and wide-open eyes. In the ASD group, there were no significant differences between the gaze conditions in frontal EEG activity. Conclusions:  Collectively, the results replicate previous finding in showing atypical modulation of arousal in response to direct gaze in children with ASD but do not support the assumption that this response is associated with an avoidant motivational tendency. Instead, children with ASD may lack normative approach-related motivational response to eye contact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02522.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166

Atypical integration of social cues for orienting to gaze direction in adults with autism / Chris ASHWIN in Molecular Autism, (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (January 2015) . - p.1-10 Titre : Atypical integration of social cues for orienting to gaze direction in adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gaze direction provides important information about social attention, and people tend to reflexively orient in the direction others are gazing. Perceiving the gaze of others relies on the integration of multiple social cues, which include perceptual information related to the eyes, gaze direction, head position, and body orientation of others. Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterised by social and emotional deficits, including atypical gaze behaviour. The social-emotional deficits may emerge from a reliance on perceptual information involving details and features, at the expense of more holistic processing, which includes the integration of features. While people with ASC are often able to physically compute gaze direction and show intact reflexive orienting to others’ gaze, they show deficits in reading mental states from the eyes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-6-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=277 [article] Atypical integration of social cues for orienting to gaze direction in adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chris ASHWIN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.1-10. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (January 2015) . - p.1-10 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Gaze direction provides important information about social attention, and people tend to reflexively orient in the direction others are gazing. Perceiving the gaze of others relies on the integration of multiple social cues, which include perceptual information related to the eyes, gaze direction, head position, and body orientation of others. Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterised by social and emotional deficits, including atypical gaze behaviour. The social-emotional deficits may emerge from a reliance on perceptual information involving details and features, at the expense of more holistic processing, which includes the integration of features. While people with ASC are often able to physically compute gaze direction and show intact reflexive orienting to others’ gaze, they show deficits in reading mental states from the eyes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-6-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=277

Atypical physiological orienting to direct gaze in low-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder / Terhi M. HELMINEN in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.810-820 Titre : Atypical physiological orienting to direct gaze in low-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Terhi M. HELMINEN, Auteur ; Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; Kai ERIKSSON, Auteur ; Arto LUOMA, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur ; Anneli KYLLIAINEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.810-820 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  eye contact  attention  orienting  heart rate Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reduced use of eye contact is a prominent feature in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been proposed that direct gaze does not capture the attention of individuals with ASD. Experimental evidence is, however, mainly restricted to relatively high-functioning school-aged children or adults with ASD. This study investigated whether 2–5-year-old low-functioning children with severe ASD differ from control children in orienting to gaze stimuli, as measured with the heart rate deceleration response. Responses were measured to computerized presentations of dynamic shifts of gaze direction either toward (direct) or away (averted) from the observing child. The results showed a significant group by gaze direction interaction effect on heart rate responses (permuted P?=?.004), reflecting a stronger orienting response to direct versus averted gaze in typically developing (N?=?17) and developmentally delayed (N?=?16) children but not in children with ASD (N?=?12). The lack of enhanced orienting response to direct gaze in the ASD group was not caused by a lack of looking at the eye region, as confirmed by eye tracking. The results suggest that direct gaze is not a socially salient, attention-grabbing signal for low-functioning children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] Atypical physiological orienting to direct gaze in low-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Terhi M. HELMINEN, Auteur ; Jukka M. LEPPANEN, Auteur ; Kai ERIKSSON, Auteur ; Arto LUOMA, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur ; Anneli KYLLIAINEN, Auteur . - p.810-820. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.810-820 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  eye contact  attention  orienting  heart rate Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reduced use of eye contact is a prominent feature in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been proposed that direct gaze does not capture the attention of individuals with ASD. Experimental evidence is, however, mainly restricted to relatively high-functioning school-aged children or adults with ASD. This study investigated whether 2–5-year-old low-functioning children with severe ASD differ from control children in orienting to gaze stimuli, as measured with the heart rate deceleration response. Responses were measured to computerized presentations of dynamic shifts of gaze direction either toward (direct) or away (averted) from the observing child. The results showed a significant group by gaze direction interaction effect on heart rate responses (permuted P?=?.004), reflecting a stronger orienting response to direct versus averted gaze in typically developing (N?=?17) and developmentally delayed (N?=?16) children but not in children with ASD (N?=?12). The lack of enhanced orienting response to direct gaze in the ASD group was not caused by a lack of looking at the eye region, as confirmed by eye tracking. The results suggest that direct gaze is not a socially salient, attention-grabbing signal for low-functioning children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Autonomic Arousal Response Habituation to Social Stimuli Among Children with Asd / Miia KAARTINEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-12 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-12 (December 2016) . - p.3688-3699 Titre : Autonomic Arousal Response Habituation to Social Stimuli Among Children with Asd Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Miia KAARTINEN, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Sari-Leena HIMANEN, Auteur ; Jaakko NEVALAINEN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3688-3699 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  ASD  Autonomic arousal  Habituation: Gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sustained autonomic arousal during eye contact could cause the impairments in eye contact behavior commonly seen in autism. The aim of the present study was to re-analyze the data from a study by Kaartinen et al. (J Autism Develop Disord 42(9):1917–1927, 2012) to investigate the habituation of autonomic arousal responses to repeated facial stimuli and the correlations between response habituation and social impairments among children with and without ASD. The results showed that among children with ASD, the smaller the habituation was, specifically in responses to a direct gaze, the more the child showed social impairments. The results imply that decreased autonomic arousal habituation to a direct gaze might play a role in the development of social impairments in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2908-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297 [article] Autonomic Arousal Response Habituation to Social Stimuli Among Children with Asd [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Miia KAARTINEN, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Sari-Leena HIMANEN, Auteur ; Jaakko NEVALAINEN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur . - p.3688-3699. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-12 (December 2016) . - p.3688-3699 Mots-clés : Autism  ASD  Autonomic arousal  Habituation: Gaze Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sustained autonomic arousal during eye contact could cause the impairments in eye contact behavior commonly seen in autism. The aim of the present study was to re-analyze the data from a study by Kaartinen et al. (J Autism Develop Disord 42(9):1917–1927, 2012) to investigate the habituation of autonomic arousal responses to repeated facial stimuli and the correlations between response habituation and social impairments among children with and without ASD. The results showed that among children with ASD, the smaller the habituation was, specifically in responses to a direct gaze, the more the child showed social impairments. The results imply that decreased autonomic arousal habituation to a direct gaze might play a role in the development of social impairments in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2908-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297

Autonomic Arousal to Direct Gaze Correlates with Social Impairments Among Children with ASD / Miia KAARTINEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-9 (September 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.1917-1927 Titre : Autonomic Arousal to Direct Gaze Correlates with Social Impairments Among Children with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Miia KAARTINEN, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Tiina MAKELA, Auteur ; Mervi RANNISTO, Auteur ; Riina LEMPONEN, Auteur ; Mika HELMINEN, Auteur ; Raili SALMELIN, Auteur ; Sari-Leena HIMANEN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1917-1927 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Eye contact  Gaze  Skin conductance  Social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study investigated whether autonomic arousal to direct gaze is related to social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Arousal was measured through skin conductance responses (SCR) while the participants (15 children with ASD and 16 control children) viewed a live face of another person. Impairments in social skills was assessed with the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview. The level of arousal enhancement to direct gaze in comparison to arousal to faces with averted gaze or closed eyes was positively associated with impairments in social skills (use of language and other social communication skills and use of gesture and non-verbal play) among children with ASD. There was no similar association among children without ASD. The role of arousal-related factors in influencing eye contact behaviour in ASD is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1435-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180 [article] Autonomic Arousal to Direct Gaze Correlates with Social Impairments Among Children with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Miia KAARTINEN, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Tiina MAKELA, Auteur ; Mervi RANNISTO, Auteur ; Riina LEMPONEN, Auteur ; Mika HELMINEN, Auteur ; Raili SALMELIN, Auteur ; Sari-Leena HIMANEN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1917-1927. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.1917-1927 Mots-clés : Autism  Eye contact  Gaze  Skin conductance  Social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study investigated whether autonomic arousal to direct gaze is related to social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Arousal was measured through skin conductance responses (SCR) while the participants (15 children with ASD and 16 control children) viewed a live face of another person. Impairments in social skills was assessed with the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview. The level of arousal enhancement to direct gaze in comparison to arousal to faces with averted gaze or closed eyes was positively associated with impairments in social skills (use of language and other social communication skills and use of gesture and non-verbal play) among children with ASD. There was no similar association among children without ASD. The role of arousal-related factors in influencing eye contact behaviour in ASD is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1435-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180

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