10 recherche sur le mot-clé 'competing interests.'

Atypical early neural responses to native and non-native language in infants at high likelihood for developing autism / Megan BANCHIK ; Tawny TSANG ; Nana J OKADA ; Rebecca ALTSHULER ; Nicole MCDONALD ; Susan Y BOOKHEIMER ; Shafali S JESTE ; Shulamite GREEN ; Mirella DAPRETTO in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 6 Titre : Atypical early neural responses to native and non-native language in infants at high likelihood for developing autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Megan BANCHIK, Auteur ; Tawny TSANG, Auteur ; Nana J OKADA, Auteur ; Rebecca ALTSHULER, Auteur ; Nicole MCDONALD, Auteur ; Susan Y BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Shafali S JESTE, Auteur ; Shulamite GREEN, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 6 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Infant  Male  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Female  Language  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Brain/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Brain Mapping  Speech  Autism  Language  Native language  fMRI  obtained from all participants' caregivers and/or legal guardians. All study  protocols were approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Language difficulties are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. Amongst infant siblings of children with an ASD diagnosis - who are at higher likelihood for developing ASD - a high proportion also show difficulties and delays in language acquisition. METHODS: In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine differences in language processing in 9-month-old infants at high (HL) and typical (TL) familial likelihood for ASD. Infants were presented with native (English) and novel (Japanese) speech while sleeping naturally in the scanner. Whole-brain and a priori region-of-interest analyses were conducted to evaluate neural differences in language processing based on likelihood group and language condition. RESULTS: HL infants showed attenuated responses to speech in general, particularly in left temporal language areas, as well as a lack of neural discrimination between the native and novel languages compared to the TL group. Importantly, we also demonstrate that HL infants show distinctly atypical patterns of lateralization for speech processing, particularly during native speech processing, suggesting a failure to left-lateralize. LIMITATIONS: The sample size, particularly for the TL group, is relatively modest because of the challenges inherent to collecting auditory stimulus-evoked data from sleeping participants, as well as retention and follow-up difficulties posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The groups were not matched on some demographic variables, but the present findings held even after accounting for these differences. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study to directly measure autism-associated atypicalities in native language uptake during infancy. These findings provide a better understanding of the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of language delay in ASD, which is a prerequisite step for developing earlier and more effective interventions for autistic children and HL siblings who experience language impairments. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00640-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Atypical early neural responses to native and non-native language in infants at high likelihood for developing autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Megan BANCHIK, Auteur ; Tawny TSANG, Auteur ; Nana J OKADA, Auteur ; Rebecca ALTSHULER, Auteur ; Nicole MCDONALD, Auteur ; Susan Y BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Shafali S JESTE, Auteur ; Shulamite GREEN, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur . - 6. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 6 Mots-clés : Humans  Infant  Male  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Female  Language  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Brain/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Brain Mapping  Speech  Autism  Language  Native language  fMRI  obtained from all participants' caregivers and/or legal guardians. All study  protocols were approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Language difficulties are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. Amongst infant siblings of children with an ASD diagnosis - who are at higher likelihood for developing ASD - a high proportion also show difficulties and delays in language acquisition. METHODS: In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine differences in language processing in 9-month-old infants at high (HL) and typical (TL) familial likelihood for ASD. Infants were presented with native (English) and novel (Japanese) speech while sleeping naturally in the scanner. Whole-brain and a priori region-of-interest analyses were conducted to evaluate neural differences in language processing based on likelihood group and language condition. RESULTS: HL infants showed attenuated responses to speech in general, particularly in left temporal language areas, as well as a lack of neural discrimination between the native and novel languages compared to the TL group. Importantly, we also demonstrate that HL infants show distinctly atypical patterns of lateralization for speech processing, particularly during native speech processing, suggesting a failure to left-lateralize. LIMITATIONS: The sample size, particularly for the TL group, is relatively modest because of the challenges inherent to collecting auditory stimulus-evoked data from sleeping participants, as well as retention and follow-up difficulties posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The groups were not matched on some demographic variables, but the present findings held even after accounting for these differences. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study to directly measure autism-associated atypicalities in native language uptake during infancy. These findings provide a better understanding of the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of language delay in ASD, which is a prerequisite step for developing earlier and more effective interventions for autistic children and HL siblings who experience language impairments. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00640-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Autism-associated biomarkers: test-retest reliability and relationship to quantitative social trait variation in rhesus monkeys / O. OZTAN in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 50 p. Titre : Autism-associated biomarkers: test-retest reliability and relationship to quantitative social trait variation in rhesus monkeys Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : O. OZTAN, Auteur ; Catherine F. TALBOT, Auteur ; E. ARGILLI, Auteur ; A. C. MANESS, Auteur ; S. M. SIMMONS, Auteur ; N. MOHSIN, Auteur ; L. A. DEL ROSSO, Auteur ; J. P. GARNER, Auteur ; E. H. SHERR, Auteur ; John P. CAPITANIO, Auteur ; Karen J. PARKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 50 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Arginine vasopressin  Autism spectrum disorder  Biomarker  Cerebrospinal fluid  Kinase signaling pathway  Oxytocin  Rhesus macaque  Social responsiveness scale  Social trait variation  the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have filed patent applications  related to biological measures studied herein (Stanford University:  PCT/US2019/019029 “Methods for diagnosing and for determining severity of an autism  spectrum disorder”  UCSF: PCT/US2016/014623 “Methods of diagnosing and treating  autism spectrum disorders”). These patents have not been granted or licensed, and no  study author is receiving any financial compensation at this time. EHS serves on the  advisory board for Retrophin Inc. All other authors declare that they have no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) exhibit pronounced individual differences in social traits as measured by the macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised. The macaque Social Responsiveness Scale was previously adapted from the Social Responsiveness Scale, an instrument designed to assess social and autistic trait variation in humans. To better understand potential biological underpinnings of this behavioral variation, we evaluated the trait-like consistency of several biological measures previously implicated in autism (e.g., arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, and their receptors, as well as ERK1/2, PTEN, and AKT(1-3) from the RAS-MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways). We also tested which biological measures predicted macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised scores. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples were collected from N?=?76 male monkeys, which, as a sample, showed a continuous distribution on the macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised. In a subset of these subjects (n?=?43), samples were collected thrice over a 10-month period. The following statistical tests were used: "Case 2A" intra-class correlation coefficients of consistency, principal component analysis, and general linear modeling. RESULTS: All biological measures (except AKT) showed significant test-retest reliability within individuals across time points. We next performed principal component analysis on data from monkeys with complete biological measurement sets at the first time point (n?=?57), to explore potential correlations between the reliable biological measures and their relationship to macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised score; a three-component solution was found. Follow-up analyses revealed that cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin concentration, but no other biological measure, robustly predicted individual differences in macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised scores, such that monkeys with the lowest cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin concentration exhibited the greatest social impairment. Finally, we confirmed that this result held in the larger study sample (in which cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin values were available from n?=?75 of the subjects). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin concentration is a stable trait-like measure and that it is linked to quantitative social trait variation in male rhesus monkeys. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00442-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Autism-associated biomarkers: test-retest reliability and relationship to quantitative social trait variation in rhesus monkeys [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / O. OZTAN, Auteur ; Catherine F. TALBOT, Auteur ; E. ARGILLI, Auteur ; A. C. MANESS, Auteur ; S. M. SIMMONS, Auteur ; N. MOHSIN, Auteur ; L. A. DEL ROSSO, Auteur ; J. P. GARNER, Auteur ; E. H. SHERR, Auteur ; John P. CAPITANIO, Auteur ; Karen J. PARKER, Auteur . - 50 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 50 p. Mots-clés : Arginine vasopressin  Autism spectrum disorder  Biomarker  Cerebrospinal fluid  Kinase signaling pathway  Oxytocin  Rhesus macaque  Social responsiveness scale  Social trait variation  the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have filed patent applications  related to biological measures studied herein (Stanford University:  PCT/US2019/019029 “Methods for diagnosing and for determining severity of an autism  spectrum disorder”  UCSF: PCT/US2016/014623 “Methods of diagnosing and treating  autism spectrum disorders”). These patents have not been granted or licensed, and no  study author is receiving any financial compensation at this time. EHS serves on the  advisory board for Retrophin Inc. All other authors declare that they have no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) exhibit pronounced individual differences in social traits as measured by the macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised. The macaque Social Responsiveness Scale was previously adapted from the Social Responsiveness Scale, an instrument designed to assess social and autistic trait variation in humans. To better understand potential biological underpinnings of this behavioral variation, we evaluated the trait-like consistency of several biological measures previously implicated in autism (e.g., arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, and their receptors, as well as ERK1/2, PTEN, and AKT(1-3) from the RAS-MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways). We also tested which biological measures predicted macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised scores. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples were collected from N?=?76 male monkeys, which, as a sample, showed a continuous distribution on the macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised. In a subset of these subjects (n?=?43), samples were collected thrice over a 10-month period. The following statistical tests were used: "Case 2A" intra-class correlation coefficients of consistency, principal component analysis, and general linear modeling. RESULTS: All biological measures (except AKT) showed significant test-retest reliability within individuals across time points. We next performed principal component analysis on data from monkeys with complete biological measurement sets at the first time point (n?=?57), to explore potential correlations between the reliable biological measures and their relationship to macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised score; a three-component solution was found. Follow-up analyses revealed that cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin concentration, but no other biological measure, robustly predicted individual differences in macaque Social Responsiveness Scale-Revised scores, such that monkeys with the lowest cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin concentration exhibited the greatest social impairment. Finally, we confirmed that this result held in the larger study sample (in which cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin values were available from n?=?75 of the subjects). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin concentration is a stable trait-like measure and that it is linked to quantitative social trait variation in male rhesus monkeys. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00442-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Autistic behavior is a common outcome of biallelic disruption of PDZD8 in humans and mice / Stijn VAN DE SOMPELE ; Clemence LIGNEUL ; Camille CHATELAIN ; Christophe BARREA ; Jason P LERCH ; Beatrice M FILIPPI ; Serpil ALKAN ; Elfride DE BAERE ; Jamie JOHNSTON ; Steven J CLAPCOTE in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 14 Titre : Autistic behavior is a common outcome of biallelic disruption of PDZD8 in humans and mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stijn VAN DE SOMPELE, Auteur ; Clemence LIGNEUL, Auteur ; Camille CHATELAIN, Auteur ; Christophe BARREA, Auteur ; Jason P LERCH, Auteur ; Beatrice M FILIPPI, Auteur ; Serpil ALKAN, Auteur ; Elfride DE BAERE, Auteur ; Jamie JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Steven J CLAPCOTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 14 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Humans  Male  Female  Mice  Autistic Disorder/genetics  Alleles  Intellectual Disability/genetics  Pedigree  Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics  Child  Phenotype  Behavior, Animal  Membrane Proteins/genetics  Social Behavior  Mutation  Adult  Child, Preschool  DNA-Binding Proteins  Autism spectrum disorder  Intellectual disability  Olfactory behavior  Pdzd8  Social discrimination  approved by Ghent University Ethical Committee. The affected individuals were  recruited to the study with the informed consent of their mother using a process  that adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The mouse experiments  were conducted in compliance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986  under UK Home Office licences and approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethical  Review Body at the University of Leeds. Consent for publication: Written consent  for publication of case reports and images pertaining to the affected individuals  was obtained from their mother. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Intellectual developmental disorder with autism and dysmorphic facies (IDDADF) is a rare syndromic intellectual disability (ID) caused by homozygous disruption of PDZD8 (PDZ domain-containing protein 8), an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. All four previously identified IDDADF cases exhibit autistic behavior, with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosed in three cases. To determine whether autistic behavior is a common outcome of PDZD8 disruption, we studied a third family with biallelic mutation of PDZD8 (family C) and further characterized PDZD8-deficient (Pdzd8(tm1b)) mice that exhibit stereotyped motor behavior relevant to ASD. METHODS: Homozygosity mapping, whole-exome sequencing, and cosegregation analysis were used to identify the PDZD8 variant responsible for IDDADF, including diagnoses of ASD, in consanguineous family C. To assess the in vivo effect of PDZD8 disruption on social responses and related phenotypes, behavioral, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and microscopy analyses were conducted on the Pdzd8(tm1b) mouse line. Metabolic activity was profiled using sealed metabolic cages. RESULTS: The discovery of a third family with IDDADF caused by biallelic disruption of PDZD8 permitted identification of a core clinical phenotype consisting of developmental delay, ID, autism, and facial dysmorphism. In addition to impairments in social recognition and social odor discrimination, Pdzd8(tm1b) mice exhibit increases in locomotor activity (dark phase only) and metabolic rate (both lights-on and dark phases), and decreased plasma triglyceride in males. In the brain, Pdzd8(tm1b) mice exhibit increased levels of accessory olfactory bulb volume, primary olfactory cortex volume, dendritic spine density, and ER stress- and mitochondrial fusion-related transcripts, as well as decreased levels of cerebellar nuclei volume and adult neurogenesis. LIMITATIONS: The total number of known cases of PDZD8-related IDDADF remains low. Some mouse experiments in the study did not use balanced numbers of males and females. The assessment of ER stress and mitochondrial fusion markers did not extend beyond mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that the Pdzd8(tm1b) mouse model and all six known cases of IDDADF exhibit autistic behavior, with ASD diagnosed in five cases, identifies this trait as a common outcome of biallelic disruption of PDZD8 in humans and mice. Other abnormalities exhibited by Pdzd8(tm1b) mice suggest that the range of comorbidities associated with PDZD8 deficiency may be wider than presently recognized. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00650-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Autistic behavior is a common outcome of biallelic disruption of PDZD8 in humans and mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stijn VAN DE SOMPELE, Auteur ; Clemence LIGNEUL, Auteur ; Camille CHATELAIN, Auteur ; Christophe BARREA, Auteur ; Jason P LERCH, Auteur ; Beatrice M FILIPPI, Auteur ; Serpil ALKAN, Auteur ; Elfride DE BAERE, Auteur ; Jamie JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Steven J CLAPCOTE, Auteur . - 14. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 14 Mots-clés : Animals  Humans  Male  Female  Mice  Autistic Disorder/genetics  Alleles  Intellectual Disability/genetics  Pedigree  Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics  Child  Phenotype  Behavior, Animal  Membrane Proteins/genetics  Social Behavior  Mutation  Adult  Child, Preschool  DNA-Binding Proteins  Autism spectrum disorder  Intellectual disability  Olfactory behavior  Pdzd8  Social discrimination  approved by Ghent University Ethical Committee. The affected individuals were  recruited to the study with the informed consent of their mother using a process  that adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The mouse experiments  were conducted in compliance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986  under UK Home Office licences and approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethical  Review Body at the University of Leeds. Consent for publication: Written consent  for publication of case reports and images pertaining to the affected individuals  was obtained from their mother. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Intellectual developmental disorder with autism and dysmorphic facies (IDDADF) is a rare syndromic intellectual disability (ID) caused by homozygous disruption of PDZD8 (PDZ domain-containing protein 8), an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. All four previously identified IDDADF cases exhibit autistic behavior, with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosed in three cases. To determine whether autistic behavior is a common outcome of PDZD8 disruption, we studied a third family with biallelic mutation of PDZD8 (family C) and further characterized PDZD8-deficient (Pdzd8(tm1b)) mice that exhibit stereotyped motor behavior relevant to ASD. METHODS: Homozygosity mapping, whole-exome sequencing, and cosegregation analysis were used to identify the PDZD8 variant responsible for IDDADF, including diagnoses of ASD, in consanguineous family C. To assess the in vivo effect of PDZD8 disruption on social responses and related phenotypes, behavioral, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and microscopy analyses were conducted on the Pdzd8(tm1b) mouse line. Metabolic activity was profiled using sealed metabolic cages. RESULTS: The discovery of a third family with IDDADF caused by biallelic disruption of PDZD8 permitted identification of a core clinical phenotype consisting of developmental delay, ID, autism, and facial dysmorphism. In addition to impairments in social recognition and social odor discrimination, Pdzd8(tm1b) mice exhibit increases in locomotor activity (dark phase only) and metabolic rate (both lights-on and dark phases), and decreased plasma triglyceride in males. In the brain, Pdzd8(tm1b) mice exhibit increased levels of accessory olfactory bulb volume, primary olfactory cortex volume, dendritic spine density, and ER stress- and mitochondrial fusion-related transcripts, as well as decreased levels of cerebellar nuclei volume and adult neurogenesis. LIMITATIONS: The total number of known cases of PDZD8-related IDDADF remains low. Some mouse experiments in the study did not use balanced numbers of males and females. The assessment of ER stress and mitochondrial fusion markers did not extend beyond mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that the Pdzd8(tm1b) mouse model and all six known cases of IDDADF exhibit autistic behavior, with ASD diagnosed in five cases, identifies this trait as a common outcome of biallelic disruption of PDZD8 in humans and mice. Other abnormalities exhibited by Pdzd8(tm1b) mice suggest that the range of comorbidities associated with PDZD8 deficiency may be wider than presently recognized. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00650-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Do autistic individuals show atypical performance in probabilistic learning? A comparison of cue-number, predictive strength, and prediction error / Lei ZHANG ; Fang LIU in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 15 Titre : Do autistic individuals show atypical performance in probabilistic learning? A comparison of cue-number, predictive strength, and prediction error Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lei ZHANG, Auteur ; Fang LIU, Auteur Article en page(s) : 15 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Autistic Disorder/psychology/physiopathology/diagnosis  Cues  Male  Adult  Female  Probability Learning  Young Adult  Reinforcement, Psychology  Learning  Associative learning  Bayesian  Prediction errors  Predictive coding  Probabilistic learning  Reinforcement learning  reviewed and approved by the University Research Ethics Committee (UREC) at the  University of Reading (reference number: UREC 20/28). All participants provided  their written informed consent prior to their participation. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: According to recent models of autism, autistic individuals may find learning probabilistic cue-outcome associations more challenging than deterministic learning, though empirical evidence for this is mixed. Here we examined the mechanism of probabilistic learning more closely by comparing autistic and non-autistic adults on inferring a target cue from multiple cues or integrating multiple target cues and learning from associations with various predictive strengths. METHODS: 52 autistic and 52 non-autistic participants completed three tasks: (i) single-cue probabilistic learning, in which they had to infer a single target cue from multiple cues to learn cue-outcome associations; (ii) multi-cue probabilistic learning, in which they had to learn associations of various predictive strengths via integration of multiple cues; and (iii) reinforcement learning, which required learning the contingencies of two stimuli with a probabilistic reinforcement schedule. Accuracy on the two probabilistic learning tasks was modelled separately using a binomial mixed effects model whereas computational modelling was performed on the reinforcement learning data to obtain a model parameter on prediction error integration (i.e., learning rate). RESULTS: No group differences were found in the single-cue probabilistic learning task. Group differences were evident for the multi-cue probabilistic learning task for associations that are weakly predictive (between 40 and 60%) but not when they are strongly predictive (10-20% or 80-90%). Computational modelling on the reinforcement learning task revealed that, as a group, autistic individuals had a higher learning rate than non-autistic individuals. LIMITATIONS: Due to the online nature of the study, we could not confirm the diagnosis of our autistic sample. The autistic participants were likely to have typical intelligence, and so our findings may not be generalisable to the entire autistic population. The learning tasks are constrained by a relatively small number of trials, and so it is unclear whether group differences will still be seen when given more trials. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults showed similar performance as non-autistic adults in learning associations by inferring a single cue or integrating multiple cues when the predictive strength was strong. However, non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults when the predictive strength was weak, but only in the later phase. Autistic individuals were also more likely to incorporate prediction errors during decision making, which may explain their atypical performance on the weakly predictive associations. Our findings have implications for understanding differences in social cognition, which is often noisy and weakly predictive, among autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00651-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Do autistic individuals show atypical performance in probabilistic learning? A comparison of cue-number, predictive strength, and prediction error [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lei ZHANG, Auteur ; Fang LIU, Auteur . - 15. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 15 Mots-clés : Humans  Autistic Disorder/psychology/physiopathology/diagnosis  Cues  Male  Adult  Female  Probability Learning  Young Adult  Reinforcement, Psychology  Learning  Associative learning  Bayesian  Prediction errors  Predictive coding  Probabilistic learning  Reinforcement learning  reviewed and approved by the University Research Ethics Committee (UREC) at the  University of Reading (reference number: UREC 20/28). All participants provided  their written informed consent prior to their participation. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: According to recent models of autism, autistic individuals may find learning probabilistic cue-outcome associations more challenging than deterministic learning, though empirical evidence for this is mixed. Here we examined the mechanism of probabilistic learning more closely by comparing autistic and non-autistic adults on inferring a target cue from multiple cues or integrating multiple target cues and learning from associations with various predictive strengths. METHODS: 52 autistic and 52 non-autistic participants completed three tasks: (i) single-cue probabilistic learning, in which they had to infer a single target cue from multiple cues to learn cue-outcome associations; (ii) multi-cue probabilistic learning, in which they had to learn associations of various predictive strengths via integration of multiple cues; and (iii) reinforcement learning, which required learning the contingencies of two stimuli with a probabilistic reinforcement schedule. Accuracy on the two probabilistic learning tasks was modelled separately using a binomial mixed effects model whereas computational modelling was performed on the reinforcement learning data to obtain a model parameter on prediction error integration (i.e., learning rate). RESULTS: No group differences were found in the single-cue probabilistic learning task. Group differences were evident for the multi-cue probabilistic learning task for associations that are weakly predictive (between 40 and 60%) but not when they are strongly predictive (10-20% or 80-90%). Computational modelling on the reinforcement learning task revealed that, as a group, autistic individuals had a higher learning rate than non-autistic individuals. LIMITATIONS: Due to the online nature of the study, we could not confirm the diagnosis of our autistic sample. The autistic participants were likely to have typical intelligence, and so our findings may not be generalisable to the entire autistic population. The learning tasks are constrained by a relatively small number of trials, and so it is unclear whether group differences will still be seen when given more trials. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults showed similar performance as non-autistic adults in learning associations by inferring a single cue or integrating multiple cues when the predictive strength was strong. However, non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults when the predictive strength was weak, but only in the later phase. Autistic individuals were also more likely to incorporate prediction errors during decision making, which may explain their atypical performance on the weakly predictive associations. Our findings have implications for understanding differences in social cognition, which is often noisy and weakly predictive, among autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00651-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Flexible nonlinear modeling reveals age-related differences in resting-state functional brain connectivity in autistic males from childhood to mid-adulthood / Molly PRIGGE ; Andrew ALEXANDER ; Brandon ZIELINSKI ; Janet LAINHART ; Jace KING in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 24 Titre : Flexible nonlinear modeling reveals age-related differences in resting-state functional brain connectivity in autistic males from childhood to mid-adulthood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Molly PRIGGE, Auteur ; Andrew ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Brandon ZIELINSKI, Auteur ; Janet LAINHART, Auteur ; Jace KING, Auteur Article en page(s) : 24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Male  Child  Adolescent  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Brain/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Connectome/methods  Adult  Young Adult  Child, Preschool  Cross-Sectional Studies  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Nonlinear Dynamics  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Age Factors  Nerve Net/physiopathology  Age-related  Autism  Cross-sectional  Functional connectivity  Generalized additive model  fMRI  acquired by each individual site within the ABIDE repository. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Divergent age-related functional brain connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been observed using resting-state fMRI, although the specific findings are inconsistent across studies. Common statistical regression approaches that fit identical models across functional brain networks may contribute to these inconsistencies. Relationships among functional networks have been reported to follow unique nonlinear developmental trajectories, suggesting the need for flexible modeling. Here we apply generalized additive models (GAMs) to flexibly adapt to distinct network trajectories and simultaneously describe divergent age-related changes from childhood into mid-adulthood in ASD. METHODS: 1107 males, aged 5-40, from the ABIDE I & II cross-sectional datasets were analyzed. Functional connectivity was extracted using a network-based template. Connectivity values were harmonized using COMBAT-GAM. Connectivity-age relationships were assessed with thin-plate spline GAMs. Post-hoc analyses defined the age-ranges of divergent aging in ASD. RESULTS: Typically developing (TD) and ASD groups shared 15 brain connections that significantly changed with age (FDR-corrected p < 0.05). Network connectivity exhibited diverse nonlinear age-related trajectories across the functional connectome. Comparing ASD and TD groups, default mode to central executive between-network connectivity followed similar nonlinear paths with no group differences. Contrarily, the ASD group had chronic hypoconnectivity throughout default mode-ventral attentional (salience) and default mode-somatomotor aging trajectories. Within-network somatomotor connectivity was similar between groups in childhood but diverged in adolescence with the ASD group showing decreased within-network connectivity. Network connectivity between the somatomotor network and various other functional networks had fully disrupted age-related pathways in ASD compared to TD, displaying significantly different model curvatures and fits. LIMITATIONS: The present analysis includes only male participants and has a restricted age range, limiting analysis of early development and later life aging, years 40 and beyond. Additionally, our analysis is limited to large-scale network cortical functional parcellation. To parse more specificity of brain region connectivity, a fine-grained functional parcellation including subcortical areas may be warranted. CONCLUSION: Flexible non-linear modeling minimizes statistical assumptions and allows diagnosis-related brain connections to follow independent data-driven age-related pathways. Using GAMs, we describe complex age-related pathways throughout the human connectome and observe distinct periods of divergence in autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00657-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Flexible nonlinear modeling reveals age-related differences in resting-state functional brain connectivity in autistic males from childhood to mid-adulthood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Molly PRIGGE, Auteur ; Andrew ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Brandon ZIELINSKI, Auteur ; Janet LAINHART, Auteur ; Jace KING, Auteur . - 24. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 24 Mots-clés : Humans  Male  Child  Adolescent  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Brain/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Connectome/methods  Adult  Young Adult  Child, Preschool  Cross-Sectional Studies  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Nonlinear Dynamics  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Age Factors  Nerve Net/physiopathology  Age-related  Autism  Cross-sectional  Functional connectivity  Generalized additive model  fMRI  acquired by each individual site within the ABIDE repository. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Divergent age-related functional brain connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been observed using resting-state fMRI, although the specific findings are inconsistent across studies. Common statistical regression approaches that fit identical models across functional brain networks may contribute to these inconsistencies. Relationships among functional networks have been reported to follow unique nonlinear developmental trajectories, suggesting the need for flexible modeling. Here we apply generalized additive models (GAMs) to flexibly adapt to distinct network trajectories and simultaneously describe divergent age-related changes from childhood into mid-adulthood in ASD. METHODS: 1107 males, aged 5-40, from the ABIDE I & II cross-sectional datasets were analyzed. Functional connectivity was extracted using a network-based template. Connectivity values were harmonized using COMBAT-GAM. Connectivity-age relationships were assessed with thin-plate spline GAMs. Post-hoc analyses defined the age-ranges of divergent aging in ASD. RESULTS: Typically developing (TD) and ASD groups shared 15 brain connections that significantly changed with age (FDR-corrected p < 0.05). Network connectivity exhibited diverse nonlinear age-related trajectories across the functional connectome. Comparing ASD and TD groups, default mode to central executive between-network connectivity followed similar nonlinear paths with no group differences. Contrarily, the ASD group had chronic hypoconnectivity throughout default mode-ventral attentional (salience) and default mode-somatomotor aging trajectories. Within-network somatomotor connectivity was similar between groups in childhood but diverged in adolescence with the ASD group showing decreased within-network connectivity. Network connectivity between the somatomotor network and various other functional networks had fully disrupted age-related pathways in ASD compared to TD, displaying significantly different model curvatures and fits. LIMITATIONS: The present analysis includes only male participants and has a restricted age range, limiting analysis of early development and later life aging, years 40 and beyond. Additionally, our analysis is limited to large-scale network cortical functional parcellation. To parse more specificity of brain region connectivity, a fine-grained functional parcellation including subcortical areas may be warranted. CONCLUSION: Flexible non-linear modeling minimizes statistical assumptions and allows diagnosis-related brain connections to follow independent data-driven age-related pathways. Using GAMs, we describe complex age-related pathways throughout the human connectome and observe distinct periods of divergence in autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00657-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

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