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Using neuroscience as an outcome measure for behavioral interventions in Autism spectrum disorders (ASD): A review / Katherine KUHL-MELTZOFF STAVROPOULOS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 35 (March 2017)
[article]
Titre : Using neuroscience as an outcome measure for behavioral interventions in Autism spectrum disorders (ASD): A review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katherine KUHL-MELTZOFF STAVROPOULOS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.62-73 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behavioral interventions Autism spectrum disorder Neuroscience Symptom improvement Brain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Though medications have proven effective in improving associated symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), behavioral interventions remain the most effective method of improving core symptoms (e.g. social communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors) in this population. Although the cause remains unknown, research provides evidence that ASD is a neurologically based disorder, with differences in brain activity contributing to observed social difficulties. Given the above, along with recent publications underscoring the importance of utilizing neuroscience to measure changes associated with intervention in ASD, it is surprising that studies that measure neurological changes in response to behavioral interventions remain quite rare. Using systematic searches of the PsychINFO and MEDLINE databases, the current review summarizes the extant literature on neural changes in response to behavioral interventions in ASD, and compares the state of the literature in ASD with other disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. We conclude that research utilizing neuroscience to measure changes in response to behavioral interventions in ASD is lacking, and suggest that future research make integrating these two lines of research a priority. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.01.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 35 (March 2017) . - p.62-73[article] Using neuroscience as an outcome measure for behavioral interventions in Autism spectrum disorders (ASD): A review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katherine KUHL-MELTZOFF STAVROPOULOS, Auteur . - p.62-73.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 35 (March 2017) . - p.62-73
Mots-clés : Behavioral interventions Autism spectrum disorder Neuroscience Symptom improvement Brain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Though medications have proven effective in improving associated symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), behavioral interventions remain the most effective method of improving core symptoms (e.g. social communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors) in this population. Although the cause remains unknown, research provides evidence that ASD is a neurologically based disorder, with differences in brain activity contributing to observed social difficulties. Given the above, along with recent publications underscoring the importance of utilizing neuroscience to measure changes associated with intervention in ASD, it is surprising that studies that measure neurological changes in response to behavioral interventions remain quite rare. Using systematic searches of the PsychINFO and MEDLINE databases, the current review summarizes the extant literature on neural changes in response to behavioral interventions in ASD, and compares the state of the literature in ASD with other disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. We conclude that research utilizing neuroscience to measure changes in response to behavioral interventions in ASD is lacking, and suggest that future research make integrating these two lines of research a priority. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2017.01.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304 Research Review: Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2012 – Neuroscientific studies of intervention for language impairment in children: interpretive and methodological problems / Dorothy V. M. BISHOP in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-3 (March 2013)
[article]
Titre : Research Review: Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2012 – Neuroscientific studies of intervention for language impairment in children: interpretive and methodological problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dorothy V. M. BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.247-259 Mots-clés : Intervention neuroscience language impairment brain imaging fMRI ERP MEG Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Our ability to look at structure and function of a living brain has increased exponentially since the early 1970s. Many studies of developmental disorders now routinely include a brain imaging or electrophysiological component. Amid current enthusiasm for applications of neuroscience to educational interventions, we need to pause to consider what neuroimaging data can tell us. Images of brain activity are seductive, and have been used to give credibility to commercial interventions, yet we have only a limited idea of what the brain bases of language disorders are, let alone how to alter them. Scope and findings: A review of six studies of neuroimaging correlates of language intervention found recurring methodological problems: lack of an adequate control group, inadequate power, incomplete reporting of data, no correction for multiple comparisons, data dredging and failure to analyse treatment effects appropriately. In addition, there is a tendency to regard neuroimaging data as more meaningful than behavioural data, even though it is behaviour that interventions aim to alter. Conclusion: In our current state of knowledge, it would be better to spend research funds doing well-designed trials of behavioural treatment to establish which methods are effective, rather than rushing headlong into functional imaging studies of unproven treatments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12034 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=191
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-3 (March 2013) . - p.247-259[article] Research Review: Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2012 – Neuroscientific studies of intervention for language impairment in children: interpretive and methodological problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dorothy V. M. BISHOP, Auteur . - p.247-259.
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-3 (March 2013) . - p.247-259
Mots-clés : Intervention neuroscience language impairment brain imaging fMRI ERP MEG Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Our ability to look at structure and function of a living brain has increased exponentially since the early 1970s. Many studies of developmental disorders now routinely include a brain imaging or electrophysiological component. Amid current enthusiasm for applications of neuroscience to educational interventions, we need to pause to consider what neuroimaging data can tell us. Images of brain activity are seductive, and have been used to give credibility to commercial interventions, yet we have only a limited idea of what the brain bases of language disorders are, let alone how to alter them. Scope and findings: A review of six studies of neuroimaging correlates of language intervention found recurring methodological problems: lack of an adequate control group, inadequate power, incomplete reporting of data, no correction for multiple comparisons, data dredging and failure to analyse treatment effects appropriately. In addition, there is a tendency to regard neuroimaging data as more meaningful than behavioural data, even though it is behaviour that interventions aim to alter. Conclusion: In our current state of knowledge, it would be better to spend research funds doing well-designed trials of behavioural treatment to establish which methods are effective, rather than rushing headlong into functional imaging studies of unproven treatments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12034 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=191 Bridging autism, science and society: moving toward an ethically informed approach to autism research / Elizabeth PELLICANO in Autism Research, 4-4 (August 2011)
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Titre : Bridging autism, science and society: moving toward an ethically informed approach to autism research Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Marc STEARS, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.271-282 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism ethics genetics neuroscience neurodiversity activism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent developments in the science of autism have provoked widespread unease among autism activists. Drawing on the findings of a major international gathering of researchers, ethicists, and activists, this paper presents the first major analysis of the ethical questions arising from this unease. We outline the scientific developments that have provoked the most discomfort, analyze the response to these developments from within and without the autism community, and trace the current state of the ethical debate. Having done so, we contend that these ethical questions are unlikely to be resolved as they depend on fundamentally conflicting assumptions about the nature and desirability of neurocognitive difference. We conclude by arguing for a new range of democratic mechanisms that could enable the scientific community, autistics, and other concerned parties to respond collectively to such entrenched ethical disputes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.201 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141
in Autism Research > 4-4 (August 2011) . - p.271-282[article] Bridging autism, science and society: moving toward an ethically informed approach to autism research [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Marc STEARS, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.271-282.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 4-4 (August 2011) . - p.271-282
Mots-clés : autism ethics genetics neuroscience neurodiversity activism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent developments in the science of autism have provoked widespread unease among autism activists. Drawing on the findings of a major international gathering of researchers, ethicists, and activists, this paper presents the first major analysis of the ethical questions arising from this unease. We outline the scientific developments that have provoked the most discomfort, analyze the response to these developments from within and without the autism community, and trace the current state of the ethical debate. Having done so, we contend that these ethical questions are unlikely to be resolved as they depend on fundamentally conflicting assumptions about the nature and desirability of neurocognitive difference. We conclude by arguing for a new range of democratic mechanisms that could enable the scientific community, autistics, and other concerned parties to respond collectively to such entrenched ethical disputes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.201 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 Functional characterization of rare FOXP2 variants in neurodevelopmental disorder / S. B. ESTRUCH in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 8-1 (December 2016)
[article]
Titre : Functional characterization of rare FOXP2 variants in neurodevelopmental disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. B. ESTRUCH, Auteur ; S. A. GRAHAM, Auteur ; S. M. CHINNAPPA, Auteur ; P. DERIZIOTIS, Auteur ; S. E. FISHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.44 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Functional genetics Language Neuroscience Speech Transcription factor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Heterozygous disruption of FOXP2 causes a rare form of speech and language impairment. Screens of the FOXP2 sequence in individuals with speech/language-related disorders have identified several rare protein-altering variants, but their phenotypic relevance is often unclear. FOXP2 encodes a transcription factor with a forkhead box DNA-binding domain, but little is known about the functions of protein regions outside this domain. METHODS: We performed detailed functional analyses of seven rare FOXP2 variants found in affected cases, including three which have not been previously characterized, testing intracellular localization, transcriptional regulation, dimerization, and interaction with other proteins. To shed further light on molecular functions of FOXP2, we characterized the interaction between this transcription factor and co-repressor proteins of the C-terminal binding protein (CTBP) family. Finally, we analysed the functional significance of the polyglutamine tracts in FOXP2, since tract length variations have been reported in cases of neurodevelopmental disorder. RESULTS: We confirmed etiological roles of multiple FOXP2 variants. Of three variants that have been suggested to cause speech/language disorder, but never before been characterized, only one showed functional effects. For the other two, we found no effects on protein function in any assays, suggesting that they are incidental to the phenotype. We identified a CTBP-binding region within the N-terminal portion of FOXP2. This region includes two amino acid substitutions that occurred on the human lineage following the split from chimpanzees. However, we did not observe any effects of these amino acid changes on CTBP binding or other core aspects of FOXP2 function. Finally, we found that FOXP2 variants with reduced polyglutamine tracts did not exhibit altered behaviour in cellular assays, indicating that such tracts are non-essential for core aspects of FOXP2 function, and that tract variation is unlikely to be a highly penetrant cause of speech/language disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of functional characterization of novel rare variants in FOXP2 in assessing the contribution of such variants to speech/language disorder and provide further insights into the molecular function of the FOXP2 protein. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9177-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.44[article] Functional characterization of rare FOXP2 variants in neurodevelopmental disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. B. ESTRUCH, Auteur ; S. A. GRAHAM, Auteur ; S. M. CHINNAPPA, Auteur ; P. DERIZIOTIS, Auteur ; S. E. FISHER, Auteur . - p.44.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.44
Mots-clés : Functional genetics Language Neuroscience Speech Transcription factor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Heterozygous disruption of FOXP2 causes a rare form of speech and language impairment. Screens of the FOXP2 sequence in individuals with speech/language-related disorders have identified several rare protein-altering variants, but their phenotypic relevance is often unclear. FOXP2 encodes a transcription factor with a forkhead box DNA-binding domain, but little is known about the functions of protein regions outside this domain. METHODS: We performed detailed functional analyses of seven rare FOXP2 variants found in affected cases, including three which have not been previously characterized, testing intracellular localization, transcriptional regulation, dimerization, and interaction with other proteins. To shed further light on molecular functions of FOXP2, we characterized the interaction between this transcription factor and co-repressor proteins of the C-terminal binding protein (CTBP) family. Finally, we analysed the functional significance of the polyglutamine tracts in FOXP2, since tract length variations have been reported in cases of neurodevelopmental disorder. RESULTS: We confirmed etiological roles of multiple FOXP2 variants. Of three variants that have been suggested to cause speech/language disorder, but never before been characterized, only one showed functional effects. For the other two, we found no effects on protein function in any assays, suggesting that they are incidental to the phenotype. We identified a CTBP-binding region within the N-terminal portion of FOXP2. This region includes two amino acid substitutions that occurred on the human lineage following the split from chimpanzees. However, we did not observe any effects of these amino acid changes on CTBP binding or other core aspects of FOXP2 function. Finally, we found that FOXP2 variants with reduced polyglutamine tracts did not exhibit altered behaviour in cellular assays, indicating that such tracts are non-essential for core aspects of FOXP2 function, and that tract variation is unlikely to be a highly penetrant cause of speech/language disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of functional characterization of novel rare variants in FOXP2 in assessing the contribution of such variants to speech/language disorder and provide further insights into the molecular function of the FOXP2 protein. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9177-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349