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How can psychologists meet the needs of autistic adults? / Rebecca L. FLOWER in Autism, 28-2 (February 2024)
[article]
Titre : How can psychologists meet the needs of autistic adults? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rebecca L. FLOWER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.520?522 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders common factors double empathy mental health neurodiversity neurodiversity affirming practice psychotherapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In a recent editorial, Mandy declared an autism mental health crisis and proposed six ideas for how this might be addressed, with which we agree. However, we propose that for these ideas (e.g. training for mental health professionals) to be implemented for psychologists, assumptions about best practice need to be assessed considering the evolving conceptualisation of autism. The formation and development of a therapeutic alliance between a psychologist and client has been established as an important ?common factor? that impacts the efficacy of therapy. If one considers the double empathy problem and views autism through a neurodiversity lens, the development of a therapeutic alliance between a psychologist and client of different neurotypes might require an alternative approach to standard practice. We propose that psychologists (if they are, for example, non-autistic and working with an autistic client), are at risk of misinterpreting their clients? communication and needs. As such, we consider the notion of cultural competency, and how the profession of psychology can move forward to help psychologists work effectively with autistic clients, learning from autistic people, including autistic psychologists. Lay abstract In a recent editorial, Mandy described an autism mental health crisis because autistic people are more likely to experience mental health concerns, yet they are less likely to get help. When autistic people do seek support, services tend not to be well matched to their needs. Alongside the six ideas Mandy suggested for addressing the mental health crisis, we think it is essential for psychologists to start changing the way they work to improve the person-environment fit for autistic clients. The relationship between a psychologist and their client influences the gains a client makes from engaging in therapy. The way psychologists are trained to build an effective working relationship with clients is based on neurotypical communication styles. The double empathy problem tells us that autistic clients relate to others differently to non-autistic clients, and so we propose that psychologists, especially when not autistic themselves, need to build the therapeutic relationship in a different way. We feel this is important, as the relationship between a psychologist and client is understood to be an important factor in how much the client can benefit from therapy. In this letter, we draw upon Bulluss? call for cultural competency when working with autistic clients, and further insights from autistic psychologists, and propose that psychologists rethink some taken-for-granted aspects of practice to be better able to create a sense of interpersonal safety when working with autistic clients. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221147346 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519
in Autism > 28-2 (February 2024) . - p.520?522[article] How can psychologists meet the needs of autistic adults? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rebecca L. FLOWER, Auteur . - p.520?522.
in Autism > 28-2 (February 2024) . - p.520?522
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders common factors double empathy mental health neurodiversity neurodiversity affirming practice psychotherapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In a recent editorial, Mandy declared an autism mental health crisis and proposed six ideas for how this might be addressed, with which we agree. However, we propose that for these ideas (e.g. training for mental health professionals) to be implemented for psychologists, assumptions about best practice need to be assessed considering the evolving conceptualisation of autism. The formation and development of a therapeutic alliance between a psychologist and client has been established as an important ?common factor? that impacts the efficacy of therapy. If one considers the double empathy problem and views autism through a neurodiversity lens, the development of a therapeutic alliance between a psychologist and client of different neurotypes might require an alternative approach to standard practice. We propose that psychologists (if they are, for example, non-autistic and working with an autistic client), are at risk of misinterpreting their clients? communication and needs. As such, we consider the notion of cultural competency, and how the profession of psychology can move forward to help psychologists work effectively with autistic clients, learning from autistic people, including autistic psychologists. Lay abstract In a recent editorial, Mandy described an autism mental health crisis because autistic people are more likely to experience mental health concerns, yet they are less likely to get help. When autistic people do seek support, services tend not to be well matched to their needs. Alongside the six ideas Mandy suggested for addressing the mental health crisis, we think it is essential for psychologists to start changing the way they work to improve the person-environment fit for autistic clients. The relationship between a psychologist and their client influences the gains a client makes from engaging in therapy. The way psychologists are trained to build an effective working relationship with clients is based on neurotypical communication styles. The double empathy problem tells us that autistic clients relate to others differently to non-autistic clients, and so we propose that psychologists, especially when not autistic themselves, need to build the therapeutic relationship in a different way. We feel this is important, as the relationship between a psychologist and client is understood to be an important factor in how much the client can benefit from therapy. In this letter, we draw upon Bulluss? call for cultural competency when working with autistic clients, and further insights from autistic psychologists, and propose that psychologists rethink some taken-for-granted aspects of practice to be better able to create a sense of interpersonal safety when working with autistic clients. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221147346 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519
[article]
Titre : Confirming the nature of autistic burnout Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samuel RC ARNOLD, Auteur ; Julianne M HIGGINS, Auteur ; Janelle WEISE, Auteur ; Aishani DESAI, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Julian N TROLLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1906-1918 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism autistic burnout burnout camouflaging double empathy masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic burnout is an experience commonly described by autistic people (#AutBurnout and #AutisticBurnout on social media). Recently, two definitions of this syndrome have been published. Both describe debilitating exhaustion with onset related to various stressors including masking, though several differences exist, such as the characteristic of interpersonal withdrawal. We sought to explore the content validity of these definitions including duration and frequency criteria, using descriptive statistics, content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis. A co-produced survey of 141 autistic adults with experience of autistic burnout showed strong endorsement of the definition by Higgins et al., where exhaustion and interpersonal withdrawal occur alongside reduced functioning, executive functioning difficulties, and increased manifestation of autistic traits. Duration and frequency criteria were unresolved, with qualitative data highlighting varying (both acute and chronic) experiences. Autistic burnout is frequently misdiagnosed as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder or other conditions. Work is needed to increase community and clinician awareness, as well as initiatives to improve unaccommodating neurotypical environments. More research and validation are needed in larger samples not restricted to autistic adults who have experienced autistic burnout to determine prevalence and risk factors as well as duration and frequency.Lay abstractAutistic burnout is something autistic people have been talking about for a while (see #AutBurnout and #AutisticBurnout on social media). Recently, researchers published two different definitions of autistic burnout. We wanted to test these definitions. We wanted to confirm the duration and frequency of autistic burnout. That is, how long and how often do people get autistic burnout? We surveyed 141 autistic adults who had autistic burnout. We used descriptive statistics, content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis to analyse the survey responses. Autistic adults strongly agreed with the definition published by Higgins et al. How long and how often people get autistic burnout was not clear. Participants told us they have both short and long episodes. Participants told us that autistic burnout leads to exhaustion. They needed to withdraw from being with other people. They needed to stay away from autism unfriendly places. Many had been misdiagnosed as having depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder or other conditions. We need increased awareness of autistic burnout. Autistic people need more help. More research is needed, we need to have bigger studies to understand autistic burnout. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221147410 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510
in Autism > 27-7 (October 2023) . - p.1906-1918[article] Confirming the nature of autistic burnout [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samuel RC ARNOLD, Auteur ; Julianne M HIGGINS, Auteur ; Janelle WEISE, Auteur ; Aishani DESAI, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Julian N TROLLOR, Auteur . - p.1906-1918.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 27-7 (October 2023) . - p.1906-1918
Mots-clés : autism autistic burnout burnout camouflaging double empathy masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic burnout is an experience commonly described by autistic people (#AutBurnout and #AutisticBurnout on social media). Recently, two definitions of this syndrome have been published. Both describe debilitating exhaustion with onset related to various stressors including masking, though several differences exist, such as the characteristic of interpersonal withdrawal. We sought to explore the content validity of these definitions including duration and frequency criteria, using descriptive statistics, content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis. A co-produced survey of 141 autistic adults with experience of autistic burnout showed strong endorsement of the definition by Higgins et al., where exhaustion and interpersonal withdrawal occur alongside reduced functioning, executive functioning difficulties, and increased manifestation of autistic traits. Duration and frequency criteria were unresolved, with qualitative data highlighting varying (both acute and chronic) experiences. Autistic burnout is frequently misdiagnosed as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder or other conditions. Work is needed to increase community and clinician awareness, as well as initiatives to improve unaccommodating neurotypical environments. More research and validation are needed in larger samples not restricted to autistic adults who have experienced autistic burnout to determine prevalence and risk factors as well as duration and frequency.Lay abstractAutistic burnout is something autistic people have been talking about for a while (see #AutBurnout and #AutisticBurnout on social media). Recently, researchers published two different definitions of autistic burnout. We wanted to test these definitions. We wanted to confirm the duration and frequency of autistic burnout. That is, how long and how often do people get autistic burnout? We surveyed 141 autistic adults who had autistic burnout. We used descriptive statistics, content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis to analyse the survey responses. Autistic adults strongly agreed with the definition published by Higgins et al. How long and how often people get autistic burnout was not clear. Participants told us they have both short and long episodes. Participants told us that autistic burnout leads to exhaustion. They needed to withdraw from being with other people. They needed to stay away from autism unfriendly places. Many had been misdiagnosed as having depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder or other conditions. We need increased awareness of autistic burnout. Autistic people need more help. More research is needed, we need to have bigger studies to understand autistic burnout. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221147410 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510 Neurodivergent intersubjectivity: Distinctive features of how autistic people create shared understanding / B. HEASMAN in Autism, 23-4 (May 2019)
[article]
Titre : Neurodivergent intersubjectivity: Distinctive features of how autistic people create shared understanding Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. HEASMAN, Auteur ; A. GILLESPIE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.910-921 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : double empathy friendships intersubjectivity neurodivergence neurodiversity norms qualitative research social interaction video gaming within-interaction variation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are neurologically divergent, yet approaches to studying autism are framed by neurotypical definitions of being social. Using the concept of intersubjectivity, which conceptualises a variety of ways of socially relating, we investigate distinctive features of how autistic people build social understanding. A total of 30 members of a charity supporting adults with autism were video-recorded during a social activity they enjoyed, namely collaborative video gaming. Mapping the coherence, affect and symmetry of each conversational turn revealed shifting patterns of intersubjectivity within each interaction. Focussing on clusters of consistent and fragmented turns led us to identify two features of neurodivergent intersubjectivity: a generous assumption of common ground that, when understood, led to rapid rapport, and, when not understood, resulted in potentially disruptive utterances; and a low demand for coordination that ameliorated many challenges associated with disruptive turns. Our findings suggest that neurodivergent intersubjectivity reveals potential for unconventional forms of social relating and that a within-interaction analysis is a viable methodology for exploring neurodivergent communication. Future research should examine the varieties of neurodivergent intersubjectivity, with associated problems and potentials, and how those forms of intersubjectivity can be enabled to flourish, particularly in autistic-to-neurotypical encounters. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318785172 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397
in Autism > 23-4 (May 2019) . - p.910-921[article] Neurodivergent intersubjectivity: Distinctive features of how autistic people create shared understanding [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. HEASMAN, Auteur ; A. GILLESPIE, Auteur . - p.910-921.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-4 (May 2019) . - p.910-921
Mots-clés : double empathy friendships intersubjectivity neurodivergence neurodiversity norms qualitative research social interaction video gaming within-interaction variation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are neurologically divergent, yet approaches to studying autism are framed by neurotypical definitions of being social. Using the concept of intersubjectivity, which conceptualises a variety of ways of socially relating, we investigate distinctive features of how autistic people build social understanding. A total of 30 members of a charity supporting adults with autism were video-recorded during a social activity they enjoyed, namely collaborative video gaming. Mapping the coherence, affect and symmetry of each conversational turn revealed shifting patterns of intersubjectivity within each interaction. Focussing on clusters of consistent and fragmented turns led us to identify two features of neurodivergent intersubjectivity: a generous assumption of common ground that, when understood, led to rapid rapport, and, when not understood, resulted in potentially disruptive utterances; and a low demand for coordination that ameliorated many challenges associated with disruptive turns. Our findings suggest that neurodivergent intersubjectivity reveals potential for unconventional forms of social relating and that a within-interaction analysis is a viable methodology for exploring neurodivergent communication. Future research should examine the varieties of neurodivergent intersubjectivity, with associated problems and potentials, and how those forms of intersubjectivity can be enabled to flourish, particularly in autistic-to-neurotypical encounters. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318785172 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397 Outcomes of real-world social interaction for autistic adults paired with autistic compared to typically developing partners / Kerrianne E. MORRISON in Autism, 24-5 (July 2020)
[article]
Titre : Outcomes of real-world social interaction for autistic adults paired with autistic compared to typically developing partners Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kerrianne E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Kilee M. DEBRABANDER, Auteur ; Desiree R. JONES, Auteur ; Daniel J FASO, Auteur ; Robert A ACKERMAN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1067-1080 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorder double empathy first impressions social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in social communication and interaction styles between autistic and typically developing have been studied in isolation and not in the context of real-world social interaction. The current study addresses this "blind spot" by examining whether real-world social interaction quality for autistic adults differs when interacting with typically developing relative to autistic partners. Participants (67 autism spectrum disorder, 58 typically developing) were assigned to one of three dyadic partnerships (autism-autism: n?=?22; typically developing-typically developing: n?=?23; autism-typically developing: n?=?25; 55 complete dyads, 15 partial dyads) in which they completed a 5-min unstructured conversation with an unfamiliar person and then assessed the quality of the interaction and their impressions of their partner. Although autistic adults were rated as more awkward, less attractive, and less socially warm than typically developing adults by both typically developing and autistic partners, only typically developing adults expressed greater interest in future interactions with typically developing relative to autistic partners. In contrast, autistic participants trended toward an interaction preference for other autistic adults and reported disclosing more about themselves to autistic compared to typically developing partners. These results suggest that social affiliation may increase for autistic adults when partnered with other autistic people, and support reframing social interaction difficulties in autism as a relational rather than an individual impairment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319892701 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426
in Autism > 24-5 (July 2020) . - p.1067-1080[article] Outcomes of real-world social interaction for autistic adults paired with autistic compared to typically developing partners [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kerrianne E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Kilee M. DEBRABANDER, Auteur ; Desiree R. JONES, Auteur ; Daniel J FASO, Auteur ; Robert A ACKERMAN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.1067-1080.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 24-5 (July 2020) . - p.1067-1080
Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorder double empathy first impressions social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Differences in social communication and interaction styles between autistic and typically developing have been studied in isolation and not in the context of real-world social interaction. The current study addresses this "blind spot" by examining whether real-world social interaction quality for autistic adults differs when interacting with typically developing relative to autistic partners. Participants (67 autism spectrum disorder, 58 typically developing) were assigned to one of three dyadic partnerships (autism-autism: n?=?22; typically developing-typically developing: n?=?23; autism-typically developing: n?=?25; 55 complete dyads, 15 partial dyads) in which they completed a 5-min unstructured conversation with an unfamiliar person and then assessed the quality of the interaction and their impressions of their partner. Although autistic adults were rated as more awkward, less attractive, and less socially warm than typically developing adults by both typically developing and autistic partners, only typically developing adults expressed greater interest in future interactions with typically developing relative to autistic partners. In contrast, autistic participants trended toward an interaction preference for other autistic adults and reported disclosing more about themselves to autistic compared to typically developing partners. These results suggest that social affiliation may increase for autistic adults when partnered with other autistic people, and support reframing social interaction difficulties in autism as a relational rather than an individual impairment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319892701 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426
[article]
Titre : Towards the measurement of autistic burnout Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samuel RC ARNOLD, Auteur ; Julianne M HIGGINS, Auteur ; Janelle WEISE, Auteur ; Aishani DESAI, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Julian N TROLLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1933-1948 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism autistic burnout burnout camouflaging double empathy masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies are emerging documenting the experience of fatigue, exhaustion and loss of functioning that has long been described by autistic adults as autistic burnout. New assessment tools are needed to enable identification and diagnosis. Here, we sought to identify factors associated with severity, develop an autistic burnout assessment and test the prepublication AASPIRE Autistic Burnout Measure tool. A co-produced survey of 141 autistic adults with experience of autistic burnout (98% above cut-off for depression) was subjected to exploratory factor analysis and scale reduction to identify a grouping of Autistic Burnout Severity Items. Autistic Burnout Severity Items showed strong overall internal consistency and acceptable internal consistency across four factors. Masking and depression were associated with the Autistic Burnout Severity Items, once variation in alexithymia, interoception, repetitive behaviours, sensory sensitivities and autism severity had been adjusted for. There is some suggestion that the Autistic Burnout Measure may not be as robust as the Autistic Burnout Severity Items, particularly as it showed a significant relationship with depression but not masking. Our findings alongside recent literature highlight a core phenomenon, comprising exhaustion, withdrawal and cognitive overload, associated with stressors potentially unique to autistic people. Further disambiguation from autistic shutdown and other conditions is needed in work towards the measurement of autistic burnout.Lay abstractAutistic burnout has been talked about by autistic adults for some time on blogs and in social media. Now, research describes fatigue, exhaustion and other related symptoms experienced by autistic people. We need new ways to help identify autistic burnout. In this study, we tested a new questionnaire called the AASPIRE Autistic Burnout Measure, and we investigated things that are linked to worse autistic burnout. We also trialled a group of Autistic Burnout Severity Items that we made. Working with an autistic researcher, we made the Autistic Burnout Severity Items based on published definitions of autistic burnout. Autistic adults (n=141) who had experienced autistic burnout completed an online survey. We found that autistic burnout was connected to masking and depression. The Autistic Burnout Measure tool was associated with depression but not with masking. It was not very accurate in telling apart participants who were currently experiencing burnout versus those who were reporting on their past experience. The Autistic Burnout Severity Items might have problems with subscales adding together to measure autistic burnout. More work is needed on how to measure autistic burnout. Our research and other recent studies show autistic people experience a combination of exhaustion, withdrawal and problems with their concentration and thinking. Burnout seems to be linked to the stress experienced by autistic people in their daily lives. We need more research to understand the difference between autistic burnout and other conditions and experiences. We need to develop assessment tools that can help identify this burnout. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221147401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510
in Autism > 27-7 (October 2023) . - p.1933-1948[article] Towards the measurement of autistic burnout [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samuel RC ARNOLD, Auteur ; Julianne M HIGGINS, Auteur ; Janelle WEISE, Auteur ; Aishani DESAI, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur ; Julian N TROLLOR, Auteur . - p.1933-1948.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 27-7 (October 2023) . - p.1933-1948
Mots-clés : autism autistic burnout burnout camouflaging double empathy masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies are emerging documenting the experience of fatigue, exhaustion and loss of functioning that has long been described by autistic adults as autistic burnout. New assessment tools are needed to enable identification and diagnosis. Here, we sought to identify factors associated with severity, develop an autistic burnout assessment and test the prepublication AASPIRE Autistic Burnout Measure tool. A co-produced survey of 141 autistic adults with experience of autistic burnout (98% above cut-off for depression) was subjected to exploratory factor analysis and scale reduction to identify a grouping of Autistic Burnout Severity Items. Autistic Burnout Severity Items showed strong overall internal consistency and acceptable internal consistency across four factors. Masking and depression were associated with the Autistic Burnout Severity Items, once variation in alexithymia, interoception, repetitive behaviours, sensory sensitivities and autism severity had been adjusted for. There is some suggestion that the Autistic Burnout Measure may not be as robust as the Autistic Burnout Severity Items, particularly as it showed a significant relationship with depression but not masking. Our findings alongside recent literature highlight a core phenomenon, comprising exhaustion, withdrawal and cognitive overload, associated with stressors potentially unique to autistic people. Further disambiguation from autistic shutdown and other conditions is needed in work towards the measurement of autistic burnout.Lay abstractAutistic burnout has been talked about by autistic adults for some time on blogs and in social media. Now, research describes fatigue, exhaustion and other related symptoms experienced by autistic people. We need new ways to help identify autistic burnout. In this study, we tested a new questionnaire called the AASPIRE Autistic Burnout Measure, and we investigated things that are linked to worse autistic burnout. We also trialled a group of Autistic Burnout Severity Items that we made. Working with an autistic researcher, we made the Autistic Burnout Severity Items based on published definitions of autistic burnout. Autistic adults (n=141) who had experienced autistic burnout completed an online survey. We found that autistic burnout was connected to masking and depression. The Autistic Burnout Measure tool was associated with depression but not with masking. It was not very accurate in telling apart participants who were currently experiencing burnout versus those who were reporting on their past experience. The Autistic Burnout Severity Items might have problems with subscales adding together to measure autistic burnout. More work is needed on how to measure autistic burnout. Our research and other recent studies show autistic people experience a combination of exhaustion, withdrawal and problems with their concentration and thinking. Burnout seems to be linked to the stress experienced by autistic people in their daily lives. We need more research to understand the difference between autistic burnout and other conditions and experiences. We need to develop assessment tools that can help identify this burnout. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221147401 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510