Dépouillements

False positives with visual analysis for nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs and ABAB designs: Preliminary findings / Marissa A. NOVOTNY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.933-943 Titre : False positives with visual analysis for nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs and ABAB designs: Preliminary findings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marissa A. NOVOTNY, Auteur ; Katheryne J. SHARP, Auteur ; John T. RAPP, Auteur ; Joel D. JELINSKI, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. LOOD, Auteur ; Ayriel K. STEFFES, Auteur ; Monica MA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.933-943 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : AB designs  ABAB designs  False positives  Nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs  Reversal designs  Single-subject designs Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study evaluated the probability of generating false positives with three-tier nonconcurrent multiple baseline (NMBL) designs and ABAB designs. For Experiment 1, we generated four sets of three-tier NMBL design graphs. The first, second, and third sets consisted of fixed A-phase data points for all three tiers at 0%, 25% and 50%, respectively, and randomly generated data points in the B phases. The fourth set consisted of randomly generated data points in the A and B phases for all three tiers. Across all four sets (N = 1000), results show that false positives were produced with 7.5% of three-tier NMBL design graphs and were most probable when baseline levels were set at 0% or 25%. For Experiment 2, we generated 3000 ABAB design graphs consisting of three to five data points per phase. Results indicate that no false positives were produced, regardless of the number of data points included in each phase. Results of this study support specific guidelines for the use of NMBL designs and ABAB designs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] False positives with visual analysis for nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs and ABAB designs: Preliminary findings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marissa A. NOVOTNY, Auteur ; Katheryne J. SHARP, Auteur ; John T. RAPP, Auteur ; Joel D. JELINSKI, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. LOOD, Auteur ; Ayriel K. STEFFES, Auteur ; Monica MA, Auteur . - p.933-943. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.933-943 Mots-clés : AB designs  ABAB designs  False positives  Nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs  Reversal designs  Single-subject designs Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study evaluated the probability of generating false positives with three-tier nonconcurrent multiple baseline (NMBL) designs and ABAB designs. For Experiment 1, we generated four sets of three-tier NMBL design graphs. The first, second, and third sets consisted of fixed A-phase data points for all three tiers at 0%, 25% and 50%, respectively, and randomly generated data points in the B phases. The fourth set consisted of randomly generated data points in the A and B phases for all three tiers. Across all four sets (N = 1000), results show that false positives were produced with 7.5% of three-tier NMBL design graphs and were most probable when baseline levels were set at 0% or 25%. For Experiment 2, we generated 3000 ABAB design graphs consisting of three to five data points per phase. Results indicate that no false positives were produced, regardless of the number of data points included in each phase. Results of this study support specific guidelines for the use of NMBL designs and ABAB designs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Computer-based intervention for inferring facial expressions from the socio-emotional context in two children with autism spectrum disorders / Soichiro MATSUDA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.944-950 Titre : Computer-based intervention for inferring facial expressions from the socio-emotional context in two children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Soichiro MATSUDA, Auteur ; Junichi YAMAMOTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.944-950 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Facial expressions  Autism  Matching-to-sample  Socio-emotional situations  Emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Difficulties in understanding others’ emotions have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Many methodologies for evaluating the emotion recognition can be analyzed by matching-to-sample (MTS) procedures. When using movies of socio-emotional situations as sample stimuli, children with ASD have been found to have difficulties in understanding them. Furthermore, there are few intervention studies that have targeted understanding of socio-emotional situations in children with ASD. The present study examined whether two young children with ASD can acquire the relationships between movies of socio-emotional situations and pictures of facial expressions through computer-based MTS training. The movies of situations and pictures of facial expressions represented happy, surprised, angry and sad emotions. The child with ASD was required to select the picture of facial expression when presented with the movie of socio-emotional situations as a sample stimulus, and if so, whether these skills can be generalized to untrained stimuli. We used a multiple baseline design across participants, and the results demonstrated that both children learned the relationships and improved their performance with untrained stimuli. These findings are discussed in terms of procedures to increase the understanding of others’ emotions at an early developmental stage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Computer-based intervention for inferring facial expressions from the socio-emotional context in two children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Soichiro MATSUDA, Auteur ; Junichi YAMAMOTO, Auteur . - p.944-950. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.944-950 Mots-clés : Facial expressions  Autism  Matching-to-sample  Socio-emotional situations  Emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Difficulties in understanding others’ emotions have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Many methodologies for evaluating the emotion recognition can be analyzed by matching-to-sample (MTS) procedures. When using movies of socio-emotional situations as sample stimuli, children with ASD have been found to have difficulties in understanding them. Furthermore, there are few intervention studies that have targeted understanding of socio-emotional situations in children with ASD. The present study examined whether two young children with ASD can acquire the relationships between movies of socio-emotional situations and pictures of facial expressions through computer-based MTS training. The movies of situations and pictures of facial expressions represented happy, surprised, angry and sad emotions. The child with ASD was required to select the picture of facial expression when presented with the movie of socio-emotional situations as a sample stimulus, and if so, whether these skills can be generalized to untrained stimuli. We used a multiple baseline design across participants, and the results demonstrated that both children learned the relationships and improved their performance with untrained stimuli. These findings are discussed in terms of procedures to increase the understanding of others’ emotions at an early developmental stage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

A comparison of children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) / Rachel L. GOLDIN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.951-957 Titre : A comparison of children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel L. GOLDIN, Auteur ; Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Matthew J. KONST, Auteur ; Hilary L. ADAMS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.951-957 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Atypical development  BASC-2 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The present study examined the use of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) in discerning 151 children and adolescents 12–16 years of age with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from atypically and typically developing children and adolescents. Scores on the BASC-2 composites (i.e., externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, behavior symptom index [BSI], adaptive behaviors) and subscales (i.e., hyperactivity, aggression, conduct problems, anxiety, depression, somatization, atypicality, withdrawal, attention, adaptability, social skills, leadership, activities of daily living, functional communication) were compared between children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development. With the exception of aggression, somatization, and internalizing behaviors, participants with ASD were significantly more impaired than typically developing participants in all other composites and subscales. In comparison to atypically developing participants, the scores of participants with ASD evinced more impairment for BSI and its subscales, with the exception of attention, and the adaptive behavior composite and its subscales, with the exception of adaptability. Scores on the externalizing behaviors and internalizing behaviors composites and their subscales, with the exception of anxiety, were not significantly different. Research and clinical implications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] A comparison of children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel L. GOLDIN, Auteur ; Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Matthew J. KONST, Auteur ; Hilary L. ADAMS, Auteur . - p.951-957. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.951-957 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Atypical development  BASC-2 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The present study examined the use of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) in discerning 151 children and adolescents 12–16 years of age with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from atypically and typically developing children and adolescents. Scores on the BASC-2 composites (i.e., externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, behavior symptom index [BSI], adaptive behaviors) and subscales (i.e., hyperactivity, aggression, conduct problems, anxiety, depression, somatization, atypicality, withdrawal, attention, adaptability, social skills, leadership, activities of daily living, functional communication) were compared between children and adolescents with ASD, atypical development, and typical development. With the exception of aggression, somatization, and internalizing behaviors, participants with ASD were significantly more impaired than typically developing participants in all other composites and subscales. In comparison to atypically developing participants, the scores of participants with ASD evinced more impairment for BSI and its subscales, with the exception of attention, and the adaptive behavior composite and its subscales, with the exception of adaptability. Scores on the externalizing behaviors and internalizing behaviors composites and their subscales, with the exception of anxiety, were not significantly different. Research and clinical implications are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Early attachment and maternal insightfulness predict educational placement of children with autism / Smadar DOLEV in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.958-967 Titre : Early attachment and maternal insightfulness predict educational placement of children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Smadar DOLEV, Auteur ; David OPPENHEIM, Auteur ; Nina KOREN-KARIE, Auteur ; Nurit YIRMIYA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.958-967 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Educational placement  Maternal insightfulness  Attachment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract We examined whether mothers’ insightfulness – their capacity to “see things from the child's point of view” – and children's attachment, both assessed during the preschool years, are associated with the educational placement of children with ASD in middle childhood and early adolescence beyond the prediction offered by children's IQ and interactive competence. 39 boys with autism and their mothers participated. We assessed mothers’ insightfulness, and children's attachment to their mothers, their intelligence and their interactional competencies. The results supported our hypothesis. The emotional quality of the relationship between the children and their mothers during the preschool age, as reflected in the mothers’ insightfulness and the children's attachment security, predicted children's educational placement in inclusive programs 4.5 and 8.5 years later, over and above the prediction offered by children's IQ and their interactive competence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Early attachment and maternal insightfulness predict educational placement of children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Smadar DOLEV, Auteur ; David OPPENHEIM, Auteur ; Nina KOREN-KARIE, Auteur ; Nurit YIRMIYA, Auteur . - p.958-967. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.958-967 Mots-clés : Autism  Educational placement  Maternal insightfulness  Attachment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract We examined whether mothers’ insightfulness – their capacity to “see things from the child's point of view” – and children's attachment, both assessed during the preschool years, are associated with the educational placement of children with ASD in middle childhood and early adolescence beyond the prediction offered by children's IQ and interactive competence. 39 boys with autism and their mothers participated. We assessed mothers’ insightfulness, and children's attachment to their mothers, their intelligence and their interactional competencies. The results supported our hypothesis. The emotional quality of the relationship between the children and their mothers during the preschool age, as reflected in the mothers’ insightfulness and the children's attachment security, predicted children's educational placement in inclusive programs 4.5 and 8.5 years later, over and above the prediction offered by children's IQ and their interactive competence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Conceptualizing skills that are most critical in diagnosing autism / Johnny L. MATSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.968-973 Titre : Conceptualizing skills that are most critical in diagnosing autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Jina JANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.968-973 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Core symptoms  Autism  Differential diagnosis  DSM-5 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a broad but heterogeneous group of symptoms. This factor has resulted in a debate as to whether the disorder is a unitary construct or a group of related disorders with a similar symptom presentation. Additionally, some core symptoms are seen in other developmental disabilities such as intellectual disability. This review covers these and related issues in the context of what symptoms are most critical for diagnosing ASD and distinguishing it from other developmental disabilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Conceptualizing skills that are most critical in diagnosing autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Jina JANG, Auteur . - p.968-973. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.968-973 Mots-clés : Core symptoms  Autism  Differential diagnosis  DSM-5 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a broad but heterogeneous group of symptoms. This factor has resulted in a debate as to whether the disorder is a unitary construct or a group of related disorders with a similar symptom presentation. Additionally, some core symptoms are seen in other developmental disabilities such as intellectual disability. This review covers these and related issues in the context of what symptoms are most critical for diagnosing ASD and distinguishing it from other developmental disabilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Factors associated with quality of life in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A review of literature / Hsu-Min CHIANG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.974-986 Titre : Factors associated with quality of life in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A review of literature Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hsu-Min CHIANG, Auteur ; Immanuel WINEMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.974-986 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  ASD  Quality of life  Adults  Children  Outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This review study was conducted to synthesize the existing research on the level of quality of life (QoL) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the factors associated with their QoL. A total of 16 studies were included for this review. This study found that (a) the majority of the individuals with ASD had poor QoL; (b) behavior problems and leisure activities were associated with the QoL of the majority of adults with ASD; (c) autism severity, age, behavior problems, social skills, adaptive behavior, education, and comorbid psychiatric conditions were associated with the QoL of the majority of children with ASD. These findings may provide critical information to parents/caregivers of individuals with ASD and practitioners providing services to them. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Factors associated with quality of life in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A review of literature [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hsu-Min CHIANG, Auteur ; Immanuel WINEMAN, Auteur . - p.974-986. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.974-986 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  ASD  Quality of life  Adults  Children  Outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This review study was conducted to synthesize the existing research on the level of quality of life (QoL) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the factors associated with their QoL. A total of 16 studies were included for this review. This study found that (a) the majority of the individuals with ASD had poor QoL; (b) behavior problems and leisure activities were associated with the QoL of the majority of adults with ASD; (c) autism severity, age, behavior problems, social skills, adaptive behavior, education, and comorbid psychiatric conditions were associated with the QoL of the majority of children with ASD. These findings may provide critical information to parents/caregivers of individuals with ASD and practitioners providing services to them. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233

Characteristics of narrative language in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Finnish / Leena MAKINEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-8 (August 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.987-996 Titre : Characteristics of narrative language in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Finnish Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Leena MAKINEN, Auteur ; Soile LOUKUSA, Auteur ; Eeva LEINONEN, Auteur ; Irma MOILANEN, Auteur ; Hanna EBELING, Auteur ; Sari KUNNARI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.987-996 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Comprehension  Linguistic structure  Narratives  Pragmatics  Referencing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study examined linguistic and pragmatic aspects of narrative abilities of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which have not been studied thoroughly and not at all in Finnish. Sixteen five- to ten-year-old Finnish high-functioning children with ASD (mean age 7;7 years) and 16 age-matched typically developing children (mean age 7;5 years) participated in this study. Children's picture-based narrations were analyzed for narrative productivity, syntactic complexity, referential accuracy, event content, use of additional and extraneous information, mental state expressions, and narrative comprehension. Several linguistic- and pragmatic-based measures were used in order to gain a comprehensive picture of strengths and weaknesses that children with ASD might show in storytelling. The use of linguistic structure, referential accuracy and mental state expressions was similar between the groups. However, children with ASD showed difficulties in establishing informative story content, making inferences from story events and an ability not to include extraneous information into their stories. Therefore, the problems seen in their narrative language use can be described as being related to pragmatic aspects of narration. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 [article] Characteristics of narrative language in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Finnish [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Leena MAKINEN, Auteur ; Soile LOUKUSA, Auteur ; Eeva LEINONEN, Auteur ; Irma MOILANEN, Auteur ; Hanna EBELING, Auteur ; Sari KUNNARI, Auteur . - p.987-996. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.987-996 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Comprehension  Linguistic structure  Narratives  Pragmatics  Referencing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study examined linguistic and pragmatic aspects of narrative abilities of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which have not been studied thoroughly and not at all in Finnish. Sixteen five- to ten-year-old Finnish high-functioning children with ASD (mean age 7;7 years) and 16 age-matched typically developing children (mean age 7;5 years) participated in this study. Children's picture-based narrations were analyzed for narrative productivity, syntactic complexity, referential accuracy, event content, use of additional and extraneous information, mental state expressions, and narrative comprehension. Several linguistic- and pragmatic-based measures were used in order to gain a comprehensive picture of strengths and weaknesses that children with ASD might show in storytelling. The use of linguistic structure, referential accuracy and mental state expressions was similar between the groups. However, children with ASD showed difficulties in establishing informative story content, making inferences from story events and an ability not to include extraneous information into their stories. Therefore, the problems seen in their narrative language use can be described as being related to pragmatic aspects of narration. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233