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Alexithymia, but not autism spectrum disorder, may be related to the production of emotional facial expressions / D. A. TREVISAN in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Alexithymia, but not autism spectrum disorder, may be related to the production of emotional facial expressions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. A. TREVISAN, Auteur ; M. BOWERING, Auteur ; Elina BIRMINGHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : 46p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Affective Symptoms/physiopathology/psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/classification/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Child Facial Expression Female Humans Male Pattern Recognition, Automated/statistics & numerical data Social Perception Software Alexithymia Autism Facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A prominent diagnostic criterion of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relates to the abnormal or diminished use of facial expressions. Yet little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to this feature of ASD. METHODS: We showed children with and without ASD emotionally charged video clips in order to parse out individual differences in spontaneous production of facial expressions using automated facial expression analysis software. RESULTS: Using hierarchical multiple regression, we sought to determine whether alexithymia (characterized by difficulties interpreting one's own feeling states) contributes to diminished facial expression production. Across groups, alexithymic traits-but not ASD traits, IQ, or sex-were associated with quantity of facial expression production. CONCLUSIONS: These results accord with a growing body of research suggesting that many emotion processing abnormalities observed in ASD may be explained by co-occurring alexithymia. Developmental and clinical considerations are discussed, and it is argued that alexithymia is an important but too often ignored trait associated with ASD that may have implications for subtyping individuals on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0108-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 46p.[article] Alexithymia, but not autism spectrum disorder, may be related to the production of emotional facial expressions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. A. TREVISAN, Auteur ; M. BOWERING, Auteur ; Elina BIRMINGHAM, Auteur . - 46p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 46p.
Mots-clés : Adolescent Affective Symptoms/physiopathology/psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/classification/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Child Facial Expression Female Humans Male Pattern Recognition, Automated/statistics & numerical data Social Perception Software Alexithymia Autism Facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A prominent diagnostic criterion of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relates to the abnormal or diminished use of facial expressions. Yet little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to this feature of ASD. METHODS: We showed children with and without ASD emotionally charged video clips in order to parse out individual differences in spontaneous production of facial expressions using automated facial expression analysis software. RESULTS: Using hierarchical multiple regression, we sought to determine whether alexithymia (characterized by difficulties interpreting one's own feeling states) contributes to diminished facial expression production. Across groups, alexithymic traits-but not ASD traits, IQ, or sex-were associated with quantity of facial expression production. CONCLUSIONS: These results accord with a growing body of research suggesting that many emotion processing abnormalities observed in ASD may be explained by co-occurring alexithymia. Developmental and clinical considerations are discussed, and it is argued that alexithymia is an important but too often ignored trait associated with ASD that may have implications for subtyping individuals on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0108-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 Children with autism spectrum disorder produce more ambiguous and less socially meaningful facial expressions: an experimental study using random forest classifiers / Charline GROSSARD in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Children with autism spectrum disorder produce more ambiguous and less socially meaningful facial expressions: an experimental study using random forest classifiers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charline GROSSARD, Auteur ; Arnaud DAPOGNY, Auteur ; David COHEN, Auteur ; Sacha BERNHEIM, Auteur ; Estelle JUILLET, Auteur ; Fanny HAMEL, Auteur ; Stéphanie HUN, Auteur ; Jérémy BOURGEOIS, Auteur ; Hugues PELLERIN, Auteur ; Sylvie SERRET, Auteur ; Kevin BAILLY, Auteur ; Laurence CHABY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 5 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Algorithm Autism spectrum disorder Emotion Facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Computer vision combined with human annotation could offer a novel method for exploring facial expression (FE) dynamics in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: We recruited 157 children with typical development (TD) and 36 children with ASD in Paris and Nice to perform two experimental tasks to produce FEs with emotional valence. FEs were explored by judging ratings and by random forest (RF) classifiers. To do so, we located a set of 49 facial landmarks in the task videos, we generated a set of geometric and appearance features and we used RF classifiers to explore how children with ASD differed from TD children when producing FEs. RESULTS: Using multivariate models including other factors known to predict FEs (age, gender, intellectual quotient, emotion subtype, cultural background), ratings from expert raters showed that children with ASD had more difficulty producing FEs than TD children. In addition, when we explored how RF classifiers performed, we found that classification tasks, except for those for sadness, were highly accurate and that RF classifiers needed more facial landmarks to achieve the best classification for children with ASD. Confusion matrices showed that when RF classifiers were tested in children with ASD, anger was often confounded with happiness. LIMITATIONS: The sample size of the group of children with ASD was lower than that of the group of TD children. By using several control calculations, we tried to compensate for this limitation. CONCLUSION: Children with ASD have more difficulty producing socially meaningful FEs. The computer vision methods we used to explore FE dynamics also highlight that the production of FEs in children with ASD carries more ambiguity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0312-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 5 p.[article] Children with autism spectrum disorder produce more ambiguous and less socially meaningful facial expressions: an experimental study using random forest classifiers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charline GROSSARD, Auteur ; Arnaud DAPOGNY, Auteur ; David COHEN, Auteur ; Sacha BERNHEIM, Auteur ; Estelle JUILLET, Auteur ; Fanny HAMEL, Auteur ; Stéphanie HUN, Auteur ; Jérémy BOURGEOIS, Auteur ; Hugues PELLERIN, Auteur ; Sylvie SERRET, Auteur ; Kevin BAILLY, Auteur ; Laurence CHABY, Auteur . - 5 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 5 p.
Mots-clés : Algorithm Autism spectrum disorder Emotion Facial expressions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Computer vision combined with human annotation could offer a novel method for exploring facial expression (FE) dynamics in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: We recruited 157 children with typical development (TD) and 36 children with ASD in Paris and Nice to perform two experimental tasks to produce FEs with emotional valence. FEs were explored by judging ratings and by random forest (RF) classifiers. To do so, we located a set of 49 facial landmarks in the task videos, we generated a set of geometric and appearance features and we used RF classifiers to explore how children with ASD differed from TD children when producing FEs. RESULTS: Using multivariate models including other factors known to predict FEs (age, gender, intellectual quotient, emotion subtype, cultural background), ratings from expert raters showed that children with ASD had more difficulty producing FEs than TD children. In addition, when we explored how RF classifiers performed, we found that classification tasks, except for those for sadness, were highly accurate and that RF classifiers needed more facial landmarks to achieve the best classification for children with ASD. Confusion matrices showed that when RF classifiers were tested in children with ASD, anger was often confounded with happiness. LIMITATIONS: The sample size of the group of children with ASD was lower than that of the group of TD children. By using several control calculations, we tried to compensate for this limitation. CONCLUSION: Children with ASD have more difficulty producing socially meaningful FEs. The computer vision methods we used to explore FE dynamics also highlight that the production of FEs in children with ASD carries more ambiguity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0312-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 Computer-based intervention for inferring facial expressions from the socio-emotional context in two children with autism spectrum disorders / Soichiro MATSUDA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-8 (August 2014)
[article]
Titre : Computer-based intervention for inferring facial expressions from the socio-emotional context in two children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Soichiro MATSUDA, Auteur ; Junichi YAMAMOTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.944-950 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Facial expressions Autism Matching-to-sample Socio-emotional situations Emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Difficulties in understanding others’ emotions have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Many methodologies for evaluating the emotion recognition can be analyzed by matching-to-sample (MTS) procedures. When using movies of socio-emotional situations as sample stimuli, children with ASD have been found to have difficulties in understanding them. Furthermore, there are few intervention studies that have targeted understanding of socio-emotional situations in children with ASD. The present study examined whether two young children with ASD can acquire the relationships between movies of socio-emotional situations and pictures of facial expressions through computer-based MTS training. The movies of situations and pictures of facial expressions represented happy, surprised, angry and sad emotions. The child with ASD was required to select the picture of facial expression when presented with the movie of socio-emotional situations as a sample stimulus, and if so, whether these skills can be generalized to untrained stimuli. We used a multiple baseline design across participants, and the results demonstrated that both children learned the relationships and improved their performance with untrained stimuli. These findings are discussed in terms of procedures to increase the understanding of others’ emotions at an early developmental stage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.944-950[article] Computer-based intervention for inferring facial expressions from the socio-emotional context in two children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Soichiro MATSUDA, Auteur ; Junichi YAMAMOTO, Auteur . - p.944-950.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-8 (August 2014) . - p.944-950
Mots-clés : Facial expressions Autism Matching-to-sample Socio-emotional situations Emotion recognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Difficulties in understanding others’ emotions have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Many methodologies for evaluating the emotion recognition can be analyzed by matching-to-sample (MTS) procedures. When using movies of socio-emotional situations as sample stimuli, children with ASD have been found to have difficulties in understanding them. Furthermore, there are few intervention studies that have targeted understanding of socio-emotional situations in children with ASD. The present study examined whether two young children with ASD can acquire the relationships between movies of socio-emotional situations and pictures of facial expressions through computer-based MTS training. The movies of situations and pictures of facial expressions represented happy, surprised, angry and sad emotions. The child with ASD was required to select the picture of facial expression when presented with the movie of socio-emotional situations as a sample stimulus, and if so, whether these skills can be generalized to untrained stimuli. We used a multiple baseline design across participants, and the results demonstrated that both children learned the relationships and improved their performance with untrained stimuli. These findings are discussed in terms of procedures to increase the understanding of others’ emotions at an early developmental stage. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.04.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=233 Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression / Sylwia MACINSKA in Autism Research, 15-5 (May 2022)
[article]
Titre : Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sylwia MACINSKA, Auteur ; Tjeerd JELLEMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.870-880 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/psychology Autistic Disorder/psychology Emotions Facial Expression Happiness Humans autistic-like traits facial expressions gaze direction high-functioning autism memory social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Face memory research in autism has largely neglected memory for facial expressions, in favor of memory for identity. This study in three experiments examined the role of gaze direction and type of expression on memory for facial expressions in relation to the autism spectrum. In the learning phase, four combinations of facial expressions (joy/anger) and gaze direction (toward/away), displayed by 16 different identities, were presented. In a subsequent surprise test the same identities were presented displaying neutral expressions, and the expression of each identity had to be recalled. In Experiment 1, typically-developed (TD) individuals with low and high Autism Quotient (AQ) scores were tested with three repetitions of each emotion/gaze combination, which did not produce any modulations. In Experiment 2, another group of TD individuals with low and high AQ scores were tested with eight repetitions, resulting in a "happy advantage" and a "direct gaze advantage", but no interactions. In Experiment 3, individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and a matched TD group were tested using eight repetitions. The HFA group revealed no emotion or gaze effects, while the matched TD group showed both a happy and a direct gaze advantage, and again no interaction. The results suggest that in autistic individuals the memory for facial expressions is intact, but is not modulated by the person's expression type and gaze direction. We discuss whether anomalous implicit learning of facial cues could have contributed to these findings, its relevance for social intuition, and its possible contribution to social deficits in autism. LAY SUMMARY: It has often been found that memory for someone's face (facial identity) is less good in autism. However, it is not yet known whether memory for someone's facial expression is also less good in autism. In this study, the memory for expressions of joy and anger was investigated in typically-developed (TD) individuals who possessed either few or many autistic-like traits (Experiments 1 and 2), and in individuals with high-functioning autism (Experiment 3). The gaze direction was also varied (directed either toward, or away from, the observer). We found that TD individuals best remembered expressions of joy, and remembered expressions of both joy and anger better when the gaze was directed at them. These effects did not depend on the extent to which they possessed autistic-like traits. Autistic participants remembered the facial expression of a previously encountered person as good as TD participants did. However, in contrast to the TD participants, the memory of autistic participants was not influenced by the expression type and gaze direction of the previously encountered persons. We discuss whether this may lead to difficulties in the development of social intuition, which in turn could give rise to difficulties in social interaction that are characteristic for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473
in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.870-880[article] Memory for facial expressions on the autism spectrum: The influence of gaze direction and type of expression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sylwia MACINSKA, Auteur ; Tjeerd JELLEMA, Auteur . - p.870-880.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-5 (May 2022) . - p.870-880
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/psychology Autistic Disorder/psychology Emotions Facial Expression Happiness Humans autistic-like traits facial expressions gaze direction high-functioning autism memory social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Face memory research in autism has largely neglected memory for facial expressions, in favor of memory for identity. This study in three experiments examined the role of gaze direction and type of expression on memory for facial expressions in relation to the autism spectrum. In the learning phase, four combinations of facial expressions (joy/anger) and gaze direction (toward/away), displayed by 16 different identities, were presented. In a subsequent surprise test the same identities were presented displaying neutral expressions, and the expression of each identity had to be recalled. In Experiment 1, typically-developed (TD) individuals with low and high Autism Quotient (AQ) scores were tested with three repetitions of each emotion/gaze combination, which did not produce any modulations. In Experiment 2, another group of TD individuals with low and high AQ scores were tested with eight repetitions, resulting in a "happy advantage" and a "direct gaze advantage", but no interactions. In Experiment 3, individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and a matched TD group were tested using eight repetitions. The HFA group revealed no emotion or gaze effects, while the matched TD group showed both a happy and a direct gaze advantage, and again no interaction. The results suggest that in autistic individuals the memory for facial expressions is intact, but is not modulated by the person's expression type and gaze direction. We discuss whether anomalous implicit learning of facial cues could have contributed to these findings, its relevance for social intuition, and its possible contribution to social deficits in autism. LAY SUMMARY: It has often been found that memory for someone's face (facial identity) is less good in autism. However, it is not yet known whether memory for someone's facial expression is also less good in autism. In this study, the memory for expressions of joy and anger was investigated in typically-developed (TD) individuals who possessed either few or many autistic-like traits (Experiments 1 and 2), and in individuals with high-functioning autism (Experiment 3). The gaze direction was also varied (directed either toward, or away from, the observer). We found that TD individuals best remembered expressions of joy, and remembered expressions of both joy and anger better when the gaze was directed at them. These effects did not depend on the extent to which they possessed autistic-like traits. Autistic participants remembered the facial expression of a previously encountered person as good as TD participants did. However, in contrast to the TD participants, the memory of autistic participants was not influenced by the expression type and gaze direction of the previously encountered persons. We discuss whether this may lead to difficulties in the development of social intuition, which in turn could give rise to difficulties in social interaction that are characteristic for autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2682 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 Using video modeling to teach children with PDD-NOS to respond to facial expressions / Judah B. AXE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-3 (July-September 2012)
[article]
Titre : Using video modeling to teach children with PDD-NOS to respond to facial expressions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Judah B. AXE, Auteur ; Christine J. EVANS, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1176-1185 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Emotions Empathy Eye contact Facial expressions Perspective-taking Video modeling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders often exhibit delays in responding to facial expressions, and few studies have examined teaching responding to subtle facial expressions to this population. We used video modeling to train 3 participants with PDD-NOS (age 5) to respond to eight facial expressions: approval, bored, calming, disapproval, disgusted, impatient, pain, and pleased. Probes consisted of showing an adult performing these facial expressions in a video, and we conducted generalization probes across people and settings. Training was showing a video of an adult modeling a response to each facial expression. In the context of a multiple probe across behaviors design, two participants correctly responded to all facial expressions across people and settings after viewing the video models one or two times. Experimental control was achieved with the other participant though he required more training sessions and was less consistent with responding. Future researchers should evaluate ways to teach and test responding to facial expressions under naturalistic conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.03.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-3 (July-September 2012) . - p.1176-1185[article] Using video modeling to teach children with PDD-NOS to respond to facial expressions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Judah B. AXE, Auteur ; Christine J. EVANS, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1176-1185.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-3 (July-September 2012) . - p.1176-1185
Mots-clés : Emotions Empathy Eye contact Facial expressions Perspective-taking Video modeling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders often exhibit delays in responding to facial expressions, and few studies have examined teaching responding to subtle facial expressions to this population. We used video modeling to train 3 participants with PDD-NOS (age 5) to respond to eight facial expressions: approval, bored, calming, disapproval, disgusted, impatient, pain, and pleased. Probes consisted of showing an adult performing these facial expressions in a video, and we conducted generalization probes across people and settings. Training was showing a video of an adult modeling a response to each facial expression. In the context of a multiple probe across behaviors design, two participants correctly responded to all facial expressions across people and settings after viewing the video models one or two times. Experimental control was achieved with the other participant though he required more training sessions and was less consistent with responding. Future researchers should evaluate ways to teach and test responding to facial expressions under naturalistic conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.03.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155 "Who Said That" Matching of Low- and High-Intensity Emotional Prosody to Facial Expressions by Adolescents with ASD / Ruth B. GROSSMAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-12 (December 2012)
PermalinkChildren with facial paralysis due to Moebius syndrome exhibit reduced autonomic modulation during emotion processing / E. DE STEFANI in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 11-1 (December 2019)
PermalinkDigital Behavioral Phenotyping Detects Atypical Pattern of Facial Expression in Toddlers with Autism / Kimberly L. H. CARPENTER in Autism Research, 14-3 (March 2021)
PermalinkFacial emotion expression recognition by children at familial risk for depression: high-risk boys are oversensitive to sadness / Nestor L. LOPEZ-DURAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-5 (May 2013)
PermalinkFacial Expression Production in Autism: A Meta-Analysis / D. A. TREVISAN in Autism Research, 11-12 (December 2018)
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