Dépouillements

Cross-Sectional Evidence for a Decrease in Cognitive Function With Age in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders? / Petra Suzanne BARNEVELD in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.527-534 Titre : Cross-Sectional Evidence for a Decrease in Cognitive Function With Age in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Petra Suzanne BARNEVELD, Auteur ; Hanna SWAAB, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur ; Leo DE SONNEVILLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.527-534 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : cognitive functioning  intelligence profiles  development  age  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with early disturbances in brain maturation processes and these interferences presumably have their consequences for the progressive emergence of cognitive deficits later in life, as expressed in intelligence profiles. In this study, we addressed the impact of age on cognitive functioning of 6- to 15-year-old children and adolescents with ASD. Intelligence profiles were measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and compared among four consecutive age cohorts (children aged 6.17–8.03 years, 8.04–9.61 years, and 9.68–11.50 years and adolescents aged 11.54–15.85 years) of 237 high-functioning boys with ASD. The results clearly demonstrated that the global intelligence level was lower in children aged 8 years and older, when compared with 6- and 7-year-old children with ASD. This is mostly due to the Freedom From Distractibility factor, suggesting that older children were less able to sustain their attention, they were more distractible, or had more graph motor difficulties. Moreover, an effect of age was also found with respect to the relatively poor performance on the subtest Comprehension when compared with other verbal comprehension subtests, indicating that specifically the impairments in verbal comprehension and social reasoning abilities were more profound in older children when compared with 6- and 7-year-old children with ASD. Findings of this cross-sectional study showed that it is relevant to take age into account when evaluating the impact of cognitive impairments on intelligence in children with ASD, because the impact of these developmental disorders might be different at different ages. Autism Res 2014, 7: 527–534. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Cross-Sectional Evidence for a Decrease in Cognitive Function With Age in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Petra Suzanne BARNEVELD, Auteur ; Hanna SWAAB, Auteur ; Herman VAN ENGELAND, Auteur ; Leo DE SONNEVILLE, Auteur . - p.527-534. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.527-534 Mots-clés : cognitive functioning  intelligence profiles  development  age  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with early disturbances in brain maturation processes and these interferences presumably have their consequences for the progressive emergence of cognitive deficits later in life, as expressed in intelligence profiles. In this study, we addressed the impact of age on cognitive functioning of 6- to 15-year-old children and adolescents with ASD. Intelligence profiles were measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and compared among four consecutive age cohorts (children aged 6.17–8.03 years, 8.04–9.61 years, and 9.68–11.50 years and adolescents aged 11.54–15.85 years) of 237 high-functioning boys with ASD. The results clearly demonstrated that the global intelligence level was lower in children aged 8 years and older, when compared with 6- and 7-year-old children with ASD. This is mostly due to the Freedom From Distractibility factor, suggesting that older children were less able to sustain their attention, they were more distractible, or had more graph motor difficulties. Moreover, an effect of age was also found with respect to the relatively poor performance on the subtest Comprehension when compared with other verbal comprehension subtests, indicating that specifically the impairments in verbal comprehension and social reasoning abilities were more profound in older children when compared with 6- and 7-year-old children with ASD. Findings of this cross-sectional study showed that it is relevant to take age into account when evaluating the impact of cognitive impairments on intelligence in children with ASD, because the impact of these developmental disorders might be different at different ages. Autism Res 2014, 7: 527–534. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1380 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Are Urinary Porphyrins a Valid Diagnostic Biomarker of Autism Spectrum Disorder? / Kerrie SHANDLEY in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.535-542 Titre : Are Urinary Porphyrins a Valid Diagnostic Biomarker of Autism Spectrum Disorder? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kerrie SHANDLEY, Auteur ; David W. AUSTIN, Auteur ; Jahar L. BHOWMIK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.535-542 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : porphyrins  biomarker  ASD diagnosis  ASD severity  heavy metals  mercury Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A fundamental challenge to the timely diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the reliance on the observation of a set of aberrant behavior. Consequently, the diagnostic process requires that the child reach an age where the behaviors would typically be exhibited. The identification of a reliable biological marker (biomarker) could be of considerable benefit to the diagnostic process. As a diagnostic biomarker, porphyrins present an attractive prospect as previous studies have reported consistent findings of children with ASD showing significant elevations in porphyrin levels in contrast to controls. Furthermore, there is some evidence that ASD severity may be associated with porphyrins, which would be a valuable characteristic of any ASD biomarker. Importantly, for practical use, porphyrins can be tested non-invasively via a sample of urine. The present study sought to investigate whether porphyrin profiles can reliably be used to (a) differentiate ASD cases from healthy controls; and (b) predict ASD severity. The study compared the porphyrin levels of three groups of children aged 2–6 years: Group 1—children diagnosed with ASD (n?=?70); Group 2—healthy, normally developing siblings of children diagnosed with ASD (n?=?36); and Group 3—healthy, normally developing children with no known blood relative diagnosed with ASD (n?=?54). The results of logistic regression analyses failed to find support for the hypotheses that porphyrin levels could be used as a valid tool to detect ASD cases or predict severity. Autism Res 2014, 7: 535–542. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1385 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Are Urinary Porphyrins a Valid Diagnostic Biomarker of Autism Spectrum Disorder? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kerrie SHANDLEY, Auteur ; David W. AUSTIN, Auteur ; Jahar L. BHOWMIK, Auteur . - p.535-542. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.535-542 Mots-clés : porphyrins  biomarker  ASD diagnosis  ASD severity  heavy metals  mercury Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A fundamental challenge to the timely diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the reliance on the observation of a set of aberrant behavior. Consequently, the diagnostic process requires that the child reach an age where the behaviors would typically be exhibited. The identification of a reliable biological marker (biomarker) could be of considerable benefit to the diagnostic process. As a diagnostic biomarker, porphyrins present an attractive prospect as previous studies have reported consistent findings of children with ASD showing significant elevations in porphyrin levels in contrast to controls. Furthermore, there is some evidence that ASD severity may be associated with porphyrins, which would be a valuable characteristic of any ASD biomarker. Importantly, for practical use, porphyrins can be tested non-invasively via a sample of urine. The present study sought to investigate whether porphyrin profiles can reliably be used to (a) differentiate ASD cases from healthy controls; and (b) predict ASD severity. The study compared the porphyrin levels of three groups of children aged 2–6 years: Group 1—children diagnosed with ASD (n?=?70); Group 2—healthy, normally developing siblings of children diagnosed with ASD (n?=?36); and Group 3—healthy, normally developing children with no known blood relative diagnosed with ASD (n?=?54). The results of logistic regression analyses failed to find support for the hypotheses that porphyrin levels could be used as a valid tool to detect ASD cases or predict severity. Autism Res 2014, 7: 535–542. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1385 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

The Variation of Psychopharmacological Prescription Rates for People With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 30 Countries / Angel Y. S. WONG in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.543-554 Titre : The Variation of Psychopharmacological Prescription Rates for People With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 30 Countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Angel Y. S. WONG, Auteur ; Yingfen HSIA, Auteur ; Esther W. CHAN, Auteur ; Declan G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.543-554 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : epidemiology  Gross Domestic Product  Psychopharmacology  Multinational study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is significant variation in prescriptions among countries in clinical practice for the treatment of comorbidities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been suggested that many people with mental health disorders in low-/middle-income countries do not receive adequate treatment. Hence, this study investigated psychopharmacological treatment patterns for ASD comorbidities in 30 countries and the association between country's income and prescription rates. The IMS Prescribing Insights database was used to investigate prescription patterns for ASD comorbidity treatment from 2007 to 2012. Data were obtained from 30 countries in continents of Europe, Asia, Oceania, Central America, South America, and Africa. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was used as a proxy for each country's income. Spearman correlation was used to examine the association between prescription rate and GDP per capita. The highest prescription rates were found in Western Europe (3.89–36.36/10,000) while the lowest prescription rates were found in Asian countries, such as Turkey, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan (0.04–0.82/10,000). The most commonly prescribed drug for ASD comorbidity treatment in most of the countries was risperidone, but antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs were also frequently prescribed. There was a significant positive correlation between GDP per capita and prescription rate (Spearman ??=?0.60; P?=?0.0011; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.81), that is, the higher the GDP per capita, the higher the prescription rate. There are marked international differences in prescription rates, and this is partially accounted by economic factors. Future research should combine more data for ASD comorbidity treatment to explore the disparity of psychopharmacological treatment between countries. Autism Res 2014, 7: 543–554. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1391 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] The Variation of Psychopharmacological Prescription Rates for People With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 30 Countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Angel Y. S. WONG, Auteur ; Yingfen HSIA, Auteur ; Esther W. CHAN, Auteur ; Declan G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Ian C. K. WONG, Auteur . - p.543-554. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.543-554 Mots-clés : epidemiology  Gross Domestic Product  Psychopharmacology  Multinational study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is significant variation in prescriptions among countries in clinical practice for the treatment of comorbidities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been suggested that many people with mental health disorders in low-/middle-income countries do not receive adequate treatment. Hence, this study investigated psychopharmacological treatment patterns for ASD comorbidities in 30 countries and the association between country's income and prescription rates. The IMS Prescribing Insights database was used to investigate prescription patterns for ASD comorbidity treatment from 2007 to 2012. Data were obtained from 30 countries in continents of Europe, Asia, Oceania, Central America, South America, and Africa. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was used as a proxy for each country's income. Spearman correlation was used to examine the association between prescription rate and GDP per capita. The highest prescription rates were found in Western Europe (3.89–36.36/10,000) while the lowest prescription rates were found in Asian countries, such as Turkey, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan (0.04–0.82/10,000). The most commonly prescribed drug for ASD comorbidity treatment in most of the countries was risperidone, but antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs were also frequently prescribed. There was a significant positive correlation between GDP per capita and prescription rate (Spearman ??=?0.60; P?=?0.0011; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.81), that is, the higher the GDP per capita, the higher the prescription rate. There are marked international differences in prescription rates, and this is partially accounted by economic factors. Future research should combine more data for ASD comorbidity treatment to explore the disparity of psychopharmacological treatment between countries. Autism Res 2014, 7: 543–554. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1391 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Risperidone and the 5-HT2A Receptor Antagonist M100907 Improve Probabilistic Reversal Learning in BTBR T?+?tf/J Mice / Dionisio A. AMODEO in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.555-567 Titre : Risperidone and the 5-HT2A Receptor Antagonist M100907 Improve Probabilistic Reversal Learning in BTBR T?+?tf/J Mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dionisio A. AMODEO, Auteur ; Joshua H. JONES, Auteur ; John A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; Michael E. RAGOZZINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.555-567 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cognitive flexibility  BTBR  reversal learning  serotonin  risperidone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RRBs). RRBs can severely limit daily living and be particularly stressful to family members. To date, there are limited options for treating this feature in ASD. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, is approved to treat irritability in ASD, but less is known about whether it is effective in treating “higher order” RRBs, for example cognitive inflexibility. Risperidone also has multiple receptor targets in which only a subset may be procognitive and others induce cognitive impairment. 5HT2A receptor blockade represents one promising and more targeted approach, as various preclinical studies have shown that 5HT2A receptor antagonists improve cognition. The present study investigated whether risperidone and/or M100907, a 5HT2A receptor antagonist, improved probabilistic reversal learning performance in the BTBR T?+?tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of autism. The effects of these treatments were also investigated in C57BL/6J (B6) mice as a comparison strain. Using a spatial reversal learning test with 80/20 probabilistic feedback, similar to one in which ASD individuals exhibit impairments, both risperidone (0.125?mg) and M100907 (0.01 and 0.1?mg) improved reversal learning in BTBR mice. Risperidone (0.125?mg) impaired reversal learning in B6 mice. Improvement in probabilistic reversal learning performance resulted from treatments enhancing the maintenance of the newly correct choice pattern. Because risperidone can lead to unwanted side effects, treatment with a specific 5HT2A receptor antagonist may improve cognitive flexibility in individuals with ASD while also minimizing unwanted side effects. Autism Res 2014, 7: 555–567. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1395 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Risperidone and the 5-HT2A Receptor Antagonist M100907 Improve Probabilistic Reversal Learning in BTBR T?+?tf/J Mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dionisio A. AMODEO, Auteur ; Joshua H. JONES, Auteur ; John A. SWEENEY, Auteur ; Michael E. RAGOZZINO, Auteur . - p.555-567. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.555-567 Mots-clés : autism  cognitive flexibility  BTBR  reversal learning  serotonin  risperidone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RRBs). RRBs can severely limit daily living and be particularly stressful to family members. To date, there are limited options for treating this feature in ASD. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, is approved to treat irritability in ASD, but less is known about whether it is effective in treating “higher order” RRBs, for example cognitive inflexibility. Risperidone also has multiple receptor targets in which only a subset may be procognitive and others induce cognitive impairment. 5HT2A receptor blockade represents one promising and more targeted approach, as various preclinical studies have shown that 5HT2A receptor antagonists improve cognition. The present study investigated whether risperidone and/or M100907, a 5HT2A receptor antagonist, improved probabilistic reversal learning performance in the BTBR T?+?tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of autism. The effects of these treatments were also investigated in C57BL/6J (B6) mice as a comparison strain. Using a spatial reversal learning test with 80/20 probabilistic feedback, similar to one in which ASD individuals exhibit impairments, both risperidone (0.125?mg) and M100907 (0.01 and 0.1?mg) improved reversal learning in BTBR mice. Risperidone (0.125?mg) impaired reversal learning in B6 mice. Improvement in probabilistic reversal learning performance resulted from treatments enhancing the maintenance of the newly correct choice pattern. Because risperidone can lead to unwanted side effects, treatment with a specific 5HT2A receptor antagonist may improve cognitive flexibility in individuals with ASD while also minimizing unwanted side effects. Autism Res 2014, 7: 555–567. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1395 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

The Neuropsychology of Male Adults With High-Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome / C. Ellie WILSON in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.568-581 Titre : The Neuropsychology of Male Adults With High-Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Sally J. WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Patrick JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Disa A. SAUTER, Auteur ; CONSORTIUM MRC AIMS,, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Declan G. M. MURPHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.568-581 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognitive profiles  autistic symptomatology  comorbid psychopathology  support vector machine classification  autistic subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is diagnosed on the basis of behavioral symptoms, but cognitive abilities may also be useful in characterizing individuals with ASD. One hundred seventy-eight high-functioning male adults, half with ASD and half without, completed tasks assessing IQ, a broad range of cognitive skills, and autistic and comorbid symptomatology. The aims of the study were, first, to determine whether significant differences existed between cases and controls on cognitive tasks, and whether cognitive profiles, derived using a multivariate classification method with data from multiple cognitive tasks, could distinguish between the two groups. Second, to establish whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of autistic symptom severity, and third, whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of comorbid psychopathology. Fourth, cognitive characteristics of individuals with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA) were compared. After controlling for IQ, ASD and control groups scored significantly differently on tasks of social cognition, motor performance, and executive function (P's??0.05). To investigate cognitive profiles, 12 variables were entered into a support vector machine (SVM), which achieved good classification accuracy (81%) at a level significantly better than chance (P??0.0001). After correcting for multiple correlations, there were no significant associations between cognitive performance and severity of either autistic or comorbid symptomatology. There were no significant differences between AS and HFA groups on the cognitive tasks. Cognitive classification models could be a useful aid to the diagnostic process when used in conjunction with other data sources—including clinical history. Autism Res 2014, 7: 568–581. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1394 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] The Neuropsychology of Male Adults With High-Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Sally J. WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Patrick JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Disa A. SAUTER, Auteur ; CONSORTIUM MRC AIMS,, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Declan G. M. MURPHY, Auteur . - p.568-581. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.568-581 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognitive profiles  autistic symptomatology  comorbid psychopathology  support vector machine classification  autistic subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is diagnosed on the basis of behavioral symptoms, but cognitive abilities may also be useful in characterizing individuals with ASD. One hundred seventy-eight high-functioning male adults, half with ASD and half without, completed tasks assessing IQ, a broad range of cognitive skills, and autistic and comorbid symptomatology. The aims of the study were, first, to determine whether significant differences existed between cases and controls on cognitive tasks, and whether cognitive profiles, derived using a multivariate classification method with data from multiple cognitive tasks, could distinguish between the two groups. Second, to establish whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of autistic symptom severity, and third, whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of comorbid psychopathology. Fourth, cognitive characteristics of individuals with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA) were compared. After controlling for IQ, ASD and control groups scored significantly differently on tasks of social cognition, motor performance, and executive function (P's??0.05). To investigate cognitive profiles, 12 variables were entered into a support vector machine (SVM), which achieved good classification accuracy (81%) at a level significantly better than chance (P??0.0001). After correcting for multiple correlations, there were no significant associations between cognitive performance and severity of either autistic or comorbid symptomatology. There were no significant differences between AS and HFA groups on the cognitive tasks. Cognitive classification models could be a useful aid to the diagnostic process when used in conjunction with other data sources—including clinical history. Autism Res 2014, 7: 568–581. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1394 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Social Behaviors Increase More When Children With ASD Are Imitated by Their Mother vs. an Unfamiliar Adult / Virginia SLAUGHTER in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.582-589 Titre : Social Behaviors Increase More When Children With ASD Are Imitated by Their Mother vs. an Unfamiliar Adult Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Virginia SLAUGHTER, Auteur ; Su Sen ONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.582-589 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  imitation  mother–child interaction  intervention  social responsiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research suggests that being imitated by an adult increases the social behaviors of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the current study, we examined whether familiarity with the imitating social partner modulates this effect. Ten children with ASD and their mothers participated. The children's social behaviors were observed prior to and following a 3-min period in which an adult social partner imitated everything they did. In one condition the partner was the child's mother, and in the other condition the partner was an unfamiliar experimenter. The results revealed significant increases in distal social behaviors (gazes toward the adult, vocalizing) following imitation by both partners. There was a significantly greater increase in proximal social behaviors (including approach, being physically close, and touching) and a greater decrease in playing alone when the imitator was the child's mother as opposed to the experimenter. The findings suggest that the experience of being imitated creates an atmosphere of mutuality and rapport between children with ASD and their social partners, which increases their sociability even in interactions with already familiar adults. Autism Res 2014, 7: 582–589. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Social Behaviors Increase More When Children With ASD Are Imitated by Their Mother vs. an Unfamiliar Adult [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Virginia SLAUGHTER, Auteur ; Su Sen ONG, Auteur . - p.582-589. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.582-589 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  imitation  mother–child interaction  intervention  social responsiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research suggests that being imitated by an adult increases the social behaviors of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the current study, we examined whether familiarity with the imitating social partner modulates this effect. Ten children with ASD and their mothers participated. The children's social behaviors were observed prior to and following a 3-min period in which an adult social partner imitated everything they did. In one condition the partner was the child's mother, and in the other condition the partner was an unfamiliar experimenter. The results revealed significant increases in distal social behaviors (gazes toward the adult, vocalizing) following imitation by both partners. There was a significantly greater increase in proximal social behaviors (including approach, being physically close, and touching) and a greater decrease in playing alone when the imitator was the child's mother as opposed to the experimenter. The findings suggest that the experience of being imitated creates an atmosphere of mutuality and rapport between children with ASD and their social partners, which increases their sociability even in interactions with already familiar adults. Autism Res 2014, 7: 582–589. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Absence of Preferential Unconscious Processing of Eye Contact in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Hironori AKECHI in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.590-597 Titre : Absence of Preferential Unconscious Processing of Eye Contact in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hironori AKECHI, Auteur ; Timo STEIN, Auteur ; Atsushi SENJU, Auteur ; Yukiko KIKUCHI, Auteur ; Yoshikuni TOJO, Auteur ; Hiroo OSANAI, Auteur ; Toshikazu HASEGAWA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.590-597 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : eye contact  gaze processing  autism spectrum disorder  unconscious processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye contact plays an essential role in social interaction. Atypical eye contact is a diagnostic and widely reported feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we determined whether altered unconscious visual processing of eye contact might underlie atypical eye contact in ASD. Using continuous flash suppression (CFS), we found that typically developing (TD) adolescents detected faces with a direct gaze faster than faces with an averted gaze, indicating enhanced unconscious processing of eye contact. Critically, adolescents with ASD did not show different durations of perceptual suppression for faces with direct and averted gaze, suggesting that preferential unconscious processing of eye contact is absent in this group. In contrast, in a non-CFS control experiment, both adolescents with ASD and TD adolescents detected faces with a direct gaze faster than those with an averted gaze. Another CFS experiment confirmed that unconscious processing of non-social stimuli is intact for adolescents with ASD. These results suggest that atypical processing of eye contact in individuals with ASD could be related to a weaker initial, unconscious registration of eye contact. Autism Res 2014, 7: 590–597. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1397 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Absence of Preferential Unconscious Processing of Eye Contact in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hironori AKECHI, Auteur ; Timo STEIN, Auteur ; Atsushi SENJU, Auteur ; Yukiko KIKUCHI, Auteur ; Yoshikuni TOJO, Auteur ; Hiroo OSANAI, Auteur ; Toshikazu HASEGAWA, Auteur . - p.590-597. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.590-597 Mots-clés : eye contact  gaze processing  autism spectrum disorder  unconscious processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye contact plays an essential role in social interaction. Atypical eye contact is a diagnostic and widely reported feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we determined whether altered unconscious visual processing of eye contact might underlie atypical eye contact in ASD. Using continuous flash suppression (CFS), we found that typically developing (TD) adolescents detected faces with a direct gaze faster than faces with an averted gaze, indicating enhanced unconscious processing of eye contact. Critically, adolescents with ASD did not show different durations of perceptual suppression for faces with direct and averted gaze, suggesting that preferential unconscious processing of eye contact is absent in this group. In contrast, in a non-CFS control experiment, both adolescents with ASD and TD adolescents detected faces with a direct gaze faster than those with an averted gaze. Another CFS experiment confirmed that unconscious processing of non-social stimuli is intact for adolescents with ASD. These results suggest that atypical processing of eye contact in individuals with ASD could be related to a weaker initial, unconscious registration of eye contact. Autism Res 2014, 7: 590–597. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1397 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Translation and Usability of Autism Screening and Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Conditions in India / Alokananda RUDRA in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.598-607 Titre : Translation and Usability of Autism Screening and Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Conditions in India Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alokananda RUDRA, Auteur ; Saoni BANERJEE, Auteur ; Nidhi SINGHAL, Auteur ; Merry BARUA, Auteur ; Shaneel MUKERJI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.598-607 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : screening  global mental health  translation  cultural Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a critical need for screening and diagnostic tools (SDT) for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in regional languages in South Asia. To address this, we translated four widely used SDT (Social Communication Disorder Checklist, Autism Spectrum Quotient, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) into Bengali and Hindi, two main regional languages (??360 million speakers), and tested their usability in children with and without ASC. We found a significant difference in scores between children with ASC (n?=?45 in Bengali, n?=?40 in Hindi) and typically developing children (n?=?43 in Bengali, n?=?42 in Hindi) on all SDTs. These results demonstrate that these SDTs are usable in South Asia, and constitute an important resource for epidemiology research and clinical diagnosis in the region. Autism Res 2014, 7: 598–607. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1404 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Translation and Usability of Autism Screening and Diagnostic Tools for Autism Spectrum Conditions in India [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alokananda RUDRA, Auteur ; Saoni BANERJEE, Auteur ; Nidhi SINGHAL, Auteur ; Merry BARUA, Auteur ; Shaneel MUKERJI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.598-607. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.598-607 Mots-clés : screening  global mental health  translation  cultural Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a critical need for screening and diagnostic tools (SDT) for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) in regional languages in South Asia. To address this, we translated four widely used SDT (Social Communication Disorder Checklist, Autism Spectrum Quotient, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) into Bengali and Hindi, two main regional languages (??360 million speakers), and tested their usability in children with and without ASC. We found a significant difference in scores between children with ASC (n?=?45 in Bengali, n?=?40 in Hindi) and typically developing children (n?=?43 in Bengali, n?=?42 in Hindi) on all SDTs. These results demonstrate that these SDTs are usable in South Asia, and constitute an important resource for epidemiology research and clinical diagnosis in the region. Autism Res 2014, 7: 598–607. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1404 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Assessing Theory of Mind Nonverbally in Those With Intellectual Disability and ASD: The Penny Hiding Game / Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.608-616 Titre : Assessing Theory of Mind Nonverbally in Those With Intellectual Disability and ASD: The Penny Hiding Game Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Noa KEREN, Auteur ; Rhonda BOOTH, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.608-616 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  intellectual disability  Penny Hiding Game  theory of mind  everyday functioning  adaptive functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and low intellectual/language abilities are often omitted from experimental studies because of the challenges of testing these individuals. It is vital to develop appropriate and accessible tasks so that this significant part of the spectrum is not neglected. The theory of mind (ToM) has been extensively assessed in ASD, predominantly in relatively high-functioning individuals with reasonable language skills. This study aims to assess the ToM abilities of a sample of 132 participants with intellectual disability (ID) with and without ASD, matched in verbal mental age (VMA) and chronological age, using a naturalistic and nonverbal deception task: the Penny Hiding Game (PHG). The relationship between performance on the PHG and everyday adaptation was also studied. The PHG proved accessible to most participants, suggesting its suitability for use with individuals with low cognitive skills, attentional problems, and limited language. The ASD?+?ID group showed significantly more PHG errors, and fewer tricks, than the ID group. PHG performance correlated with Vineland adaptation scores for both groups. VMA was a major predictor of passing the task in both groups, and participants with ASD?+?ID required, on average, 2 years higher VMA than those with ID only, to achieve the same level of PHG success. VMA moderated the association between PHG performance and real-life social skills for the ASD?+?ID more than the ID group, suggesting that severely impaired individuals with ASD may rely on verbal ability to overcome their social difficulties, whereas individuals with ID alone may use more intuitive social understanding both in the PHG and everyday situations. Autism Res 2014, 7: 608–616. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1405 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Assessing Theory of Mind Nonverbally in Those With Intellectual Disability and ASD: The Penny Hiding Game [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Noa KEREN, Auteur ; Rhonda BOOTH, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.608-616. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.608-616 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  intellectual disability  Penny Hiding Game  theory of mind  everyday functioning  adaptive functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and low intellectual/language abilities are often omitted from experimental studies because of the challenges of testing these individuals. It is vital to develop appropriate and accessible tasks so that this significant part of the spectrum is not neglected. The theory of mind (ToM) has been extensively assessed in ASD, predominantly in relatively high-functioning individuals with reasonable language skills. This study aims to assess the ToM abilities of a sample of 132 participants with intellectual disability (ID) with and without ASD, matched in verbal mental age (VMA) and chronological age, using a naturalistic and nonverbal deception task: the Penny Hiding Game (PHG). The relationship between performance on the PHG and everyday adaptation was also studied. The PHG proved accessible to most participants, suggesting its suitability for use with individuals with low cognitive skills, attentional problems, and limited language. The ASD?+?ID group showed significantly more PHG errors, and fewer tricks, than the ID group. PHG performance correlated with Vineland adaptation scores for both groups. VMA was a major predictor of passing the task in both groups, and participants with ASD?+?ID required, on average, 2 years higher VMA than those with ID only, to achieve the same level of PHG success. VMA moderated the association between PHG performance and real-life social skills for the ASD?+?ID more than the ID group, suggesting that severely impaired individuals with ASD may rely on verbal ability to overcome their social difficulties, whereas individuals with ID alone may use more intuitive social understanding both in the PHG and everyday situations. Autism Res 2014, 7: 608–616. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1405 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

A Familial Heterozygous Null Mutation of MET in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Nelle LAMBERT in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.617-622 Titre : A Familial Heterozygous Null Mutation of MET in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nelle LAMBERT, Auteur ; Vanessa WERMENBOL, Auteur ; Bruno PICHON, Auteur ; Sandra T. ACOSTA, Auteur ; Jelle VAN DEN AMEELE, Auteur ; Camille PERAZZOLO, Auteur ; Diana MESSINA, Auteur ; Maria-Franca MUSUMECI, Auteur ; Barbara DESSARS, Auteur ; Anne DE LEENER, Auteur ; Marc ABRAMOWICZ, Auteur ; Catheline VILAIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.617-622 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  c-MET  social brain  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) results from interactions of genetic and environmental factors. The MET proto-oncogene has been identified as a candidate gene for autism susceptibility, and is implicated in neurodevelopment and social brain circuitry. Here, we describe the first case of a familial mutation of MET, consisting of an interstitial genomic deletion removing exons 12 through 15, causing a frameshift and premature stop codon, with evidence of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. On the other allele, patients carried the C allele of the MET promoter rs1858830 polymorphism, known to decrease MET expression and previously associated with autism susceptibility. The heterozygous mutation was associated with autism in one patient, and language and social impairment in a sibling. Our observations delineate the phenotypic spectrum associated with a clearly defined, very likely complete loss of function mutation of MET. Incomplete penetrance in this family was consistent with MET as a partial susceptibility gene for ASD. Implication of MET in normal and pathological brain development opens new perspectives for understanding the pathophysiology of autism and for eventual therapeutical clues. Autism Res 2014, 7: 617–622. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1396 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] A Familial Heterozygous Null Mutation of MET in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nelle LAMBERT, Auteur ; Vanessa WERMENBOL, Auteur ; Bruno PICHON, Auteur ; Sandra T. ACOSTA, Auteur ; Jelle VAN DEN AMEELE, Auteur ; Camille PERAZZOLO, Auteur ; Diana MESSINA, Auteur ; Maria-Franca MUSUMECI, Auteur ; Barbara DESSARS, Auteur ; Anne DE LEENER, Auteur ; Marc ABRAMOWICZ, Auteur ; Catheline VILAIN, Auteur . - p.617-622. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.617-622 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  c-MET  social brain  neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) results from interactions of genetic and environmental factors. The MET proto-oncogene has been identified as a candidate gene for autism susceptibility, and is implicated in neurodevelopment and social brain circuitry. Here, we describe the first case of a familial mutation of MET, consisting of an interstitial genomic deletion removing exons 12 through 15, causing a frameshift and premature stop codon, with evidence of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. On the other allele, patients carried the C allele of the MET promoter rs1858830 polymorphism, known to decrease MET expression and previously associated with autism susceptibility. The heterozygous mutation was associated with autism in one patient, and language and social impairment in a sibling. Our observations delineate the phenotypic spectrum associated with a clearly defined, very likely complete loss of function mutation of MET. Incomplete penetrance in this family was consistent with MET as a partial susceptibility gene for ASD. Implication of MET in normal and pathological brain development opens new perspectives for understanding the pathophysiology of autism and for eventual therapeutical clues. Autism Res 2014, 7: 617–622. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1396 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Scientific Summaries for Families With ASD in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.623-626 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families With ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.623-626 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1434 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families With ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.623-626. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.623-626 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1434 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

International Society for Autism Research News in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.627-627 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.627-627 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1435 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.627-627. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.627-627 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1435 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241