Can Autism Be Diagnosed Accurately in Children Under 3 Years? / Wendy L. STONE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40-2 (February 1999)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-2 (February 1999) . - p.219-226 Titre : Can Autism Be Diagnosed Accurately in Children Under 3 Years? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wendy L. STONE, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Linda ASHFORD, Auteur ; Jane BRISSIE, Auteur ; Susan HEPBURN, Auteur ; Elaine E. COONROD, Auteur ; Bahr WEISS, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p.219-226 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  pervasive developmental disorder  preschool children  assessment  diagnosis  symptomatology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated the reliability and stability of an autism diagnosis in children under 3 years of age who received independent diagnostic evaluations from two clinicians during two consecutive yearly evaluations. Strong evidence for the reliability and stability of the diagnosis was obtained. Diagnostic agreement between clinicians was higher for the broader discrimination of autism spectrum vs. no autism spectrum than for the more specific discrimination of autism vs. PDD-NOS. The diagnosis of autism at age 2 was more stable than the diagnosis of PDD-NOS at the same age. Social deficits and delays in spoken language were the most prominent DSM-IV characteristics evidenced by very young children with autism. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=124 [article] Can Autism Be Diagnosed Accurately in Children Under 3 Years? [texte imprimé] / Wendy L. STONE, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Linda ASHFORD, Auteur ; Jane BRISSIE, Auteur ; Susan HEPBURN, Auteur ; Elaine E. COONROD, Auteur ; Bahr WEISS, Auteur . - 1999 . - p.219-226. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-2 (February 1999) . - p.219-226 Mots-clés : Autism  pervasive developmental disorder  preschool children  assessment  diagnosis  symptomatology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated the reliability and stability of an autism diagnosis in children under 3 years of age who received independent diagnostic evaluations from two clinicians during two consecutive yearly evaluations. Strong evidence for the reliability and stability of the diagnosis was obtained. Diagnostic agreement between clinicians was higher for the broader discrimination of autism spectrum vs. no autism spectrum than for the more specific discrimination of autism vs. PDD-NOS. The diagnosis of autism at age 2 was more stable than the diagnosis of PDD-NOS at the same age. Social deficits and delays in spoken language were the most prominent DSM-IV characteristics evidenced by very young children with autism. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=124

Diagnoses and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 9-1 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.18 Titre : Diagnoses and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Hailee HUNT-HAWKINS, Auteur ; Nathan DANKNER, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Carolyn M. SHIVERS, Auteur ; Christopher DANIELL, Auteur ; Soo-Jeong KIM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.18 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD screeners  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Best-estimate diagnoses  Insistence on sameness  Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)  Repetitive behavior  Social impairment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A small percentage of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have alterations in chromosome 15q11.2-q3, the critical region for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Data are limited, however, on the rates and characteristics of ASD in PWS. Previous estimates of ASD in PWS (25 to 41%) are questionable as they are based solely on autism screeners given to parents. Inaccurate diagnoses of ASD in PWS can mislead intervention and future research. METHODS: One hundred forty-six children and youth with PWS aged 4 to 21 years (M = 11) were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). An expert clinical team-made best-estimate ASD diagnoses based on ADOS-2 videotapes, calibrated severity scores, and children's developmental histories and indices of current functioning. Children were also administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2, and parents completed the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Scores were compared across children with PWS + ASD versus PWS only. The performance of an ASD screener, the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the ADOS-2 were evaluated in relation to best-estimate diagnoses. RESULTS: Best-estimate diagnoses of ASD were made in 18 children, or 12.3% of the sample, and the majority of them had the maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) PWS genetic subtype. Compared to the PWS-only group, children with PWS + ASD had lower verbal and composite IQ's and adaptive daily living and socialization skills, as well as elevated stereotypies and restricted interests. Regardless of ASD status, compulsivity and insistence on sameness in routines or events were seen in 76-100% of children and were robustly correlated with lower adaptive functioning. The SCQ yielded a 29-49% chance that screen-positive cases will indeed have ASD. The ADOS-2 had higher sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Communication problems were seen in children who were ADOS-2 positive but deemed not to have ASD by the clinical team. CONCLUSIONS: Autism screeners should not be the sole index of probable ASD in PWS; children need to be directly observed and evaluated. Compulsivity and insistence on sameness are salient in PWS and likely impede adaptive functioning. Most children with PWS only evidenced sub-threshold problems in social interactions that could signal risks for other psychopathologies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9200-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=350 [article] Diagnoses and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome [texte imprimé] / Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Elizabeth ROOF, Auteur ; Hailee HUNT-HAWKINS, Auteur ; Nathan DANKNER, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Carolyn M. SHIVERS, Auteur ; Christopher DANIELL, Auteur ; Soo-Jeong KIM, Auteur . - p.18. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 9-1 (December 2017) . - p.18 Mots-clés : ASD screeners  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  Best-estimate diagnoses  Insistence on sameness  Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)  Repetitive behavior  Social impairment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A small percentage of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have alterations in chromosome 15q11.2-q3, the critical region for Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Data are limited, however, on the rates and characteristics of ASD in PWS. Previous estimates of ASD in PWS (25 to 41%) are questionable as they are based solely on autism screeners given to parents. Inaccurate diagnoses of ASD in PWS can mislead intervention and future research. METHODS: One hundred forty-six children and youth with PWS aged 4 to 21 years (M = 11) were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). An expert clinical team-made best-estimate ASD diagnoses based on ADOS-2 videotapes, calibrated severity scores, and children's developmental histories and indices of current functioning. Children were also administered the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2, and parents completed the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Scores were compared across children with PWS + ASD versus PWS only. The performance of an ASD screener, the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the ADOS-2 were evaluated in relation to best-estimate diagnoses. RESULTS: Best-estimate diagnoses of ASD were made in 18 children, or 12.3% of the sample, and the majority of them had the maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) PWS genetic subtype. Compared to the PWS-only group, children with PWS + ASD had lower verbal and composite IQ's and adaptive daily living and socialization skills, as well as elevated stereotypies and restricted interests. Regardless of ASD status, compulsivity and insistence on sameness in routines or events were seen in 76-100% of children and were robustly correlated with lower adaptive functioning. The SCQ yielded a 29-49% chance that screen-positive cases will indeed have ASD. The ADOS-2 had higher sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Communication problems were seen in children who were ADOS-2 positive but deemed not to have ASD by the clinical team. CONCLUSIONS: Autism screeners should not be the sole index of probable ASD in PWS; children need to be directly observed and evaluated. Compulsivity and insistence on sameness are salient in PWS and likely impede adaptive functioning. Most children with PWS only evidenced sub-threshold problems in social interactions that could signal risks for other psychopathologies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9200-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=350

Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Autism: Parental Report, Clinical Evaluation, and Associated Factors / Phillip GORRINDO in Autism Research, 5-2 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 5-2 (April 2012) . - p.101-108 Titre : Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Autism: Parental Report, Clinical Evaluation, and Associated Factors Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Phillip GORRINDO, Auteur ; Dean C. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Lynn S. WALKER, Auteur ; Susan G. MCGREW, Auteur ; Pat LEVITT, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.101-108 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  constipation  diet  functional gastrointestinal disorders  nonverbal communication  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The objectives of this study were to characterize gastrointestinal dysfunction (GID) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to examine parental reports of GID relative to evaluations by pediatric gastroenterologists, and to explore factors associated with GID in ASD. One hundred twenty-one children were recruited into three groups: co-occurring ASD and GID, ASD without GID, and GID without ASD. A pediatric gastroenterologist evaluated both GID groups. Parents in all three groups completed questionnaires about their child's behavior and GI symptoms, and a dietary journal. Functional constipation was the most common type of GID in children with ASD (85.0%). Parental report of any GID was highly concordant with a clinical diagnosis of any GID (92.1%). Presence of GID in children with ASD was not associated with distinct dietary habits or medication status. Odds of constipation were associated with younger age, increased social impairment, and lack of expressive language (adjusted odds ratio in nonverbal children: 11.98, 95% confidence interval 2.54–56.57). This study validates parental concerns for GID in children with ASD, as parents were sensitive to the existence, although not necessarily the nature, of GID. The strong association between constipation and language impairment highlights the need for vigilance by health-care providers to detect and treat GID in children with ASD. Medications and diet, commonly thought to contribute to GID in ASD, were not associated with GID status. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that GID in ASD represents pleiotropic expression of genetic risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.237 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155 [article] Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Autism: Parental Report, Clinical Evaluation, and Associated Factors [texte imprimé] / Phillip GORRINDO, Auteur ; Dean C. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Lynn S. WALKER, Auteur ; Susan G. MCGREW, Auteur ; Pat LEVITT, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.101-108. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 5-2 (April 2012) . - p.101-108 Mots-clés : autism  constipation  diet  functional gastrointestinal disorders  nonverbal communication  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The objectives of this study were to characterize gastrointestinal dysfunction (GID) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to examine parental reports of GID relative to evaluations by pediatric gastroenterologists, and to explore factors associated with GID in ASD. One hundred twenty-one children were recruited into three groups: co-occurring ASD and GID, ASD without GID, and GID without ASD. A pediatric gastroenterologist evaluated both GID groups. Parents in all three groups completed questionnaires about their child's behavior and GI symptoms, and a dietary journal. Functional constipation was the most common type of GID in children with ASD (85.0%). Parental report of any GID was highly concordant with a clinical diagnosis of any GID (92.1%). Presence of GID in children with ASD was not associated with distinct dietary habits or medication status. Odds of constipation were associated with younger age, increased social impairment, and lack of expressive language (adjusted odds ratio in nonverbal children: 11.98, 95% confidence interval 2.54–56.57). This study validates parental concerns for GID in children with ASD, as parents were sensitive to the existence, although not necessarily the nature, of GID. The strong association between constipation and language impairment highlights the need for vigilance by health-care providers to detect and treat GID in children with ASD. Medications and diet, commonly thought to contribute to GID in ASD, were not associated with GID status. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that GID in ASD represents pleiotropic expression of genetic risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.237 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155

Neurocognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Younger Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Age Five / Zachary WARREN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-3 (March 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-3 (March 2012) . - p.409-418 Titre : Neurocognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Younger Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Age Five Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zachary WARREN, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Elizabeth MALESA, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Cassandra R. NEWSOM, Auteur ; Julie CRITTENDON, Auteur ; Wendy L. STONE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.409-418 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Siblings  Cognition  Language  Behavior  Broad autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Later-born siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are at increased risk for ASD as well as qualitatively similar traits not meeting clinical cutoffs for the disorder. This study examined age five neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes of 39 younger siblings of children with ASD (Sibs-ASD) and 22 younger siblings of typically developing children (Sibs-TD) previously assessed in a longitudinal investigation starting in the second year of life. There were few group differences between Sibs-TD and Sibs-ASD on global measures of IQ, language, or behavior problems. Sibs-ASD did show vulnerabilities on measures of executive functioning, social cognition, and repetitive behaviors. These results highlight the importance of following sibling risk groups over an extended time period and employing measures targeting broader aspects of development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1263-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Neurocognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Younger Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Age Five [texte imprimé] / Zachary WARREN, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Elizabeth MALESA, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; Cassandra R. NEWSOM, Auteur ; Julie CRITTENDON, Auteur ; Wendy L. STONE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.409-418. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-3 (March 2012) . - p.409-418 Mots-clés : Autism  Siblings  Cognition  Language  Behavior  Broad autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Later-born siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are at increased risk for ASD as well as qualitatively similar traits not meeting clinical cutoffs for the disorder. This study examined age five neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes of 39 younger siblings of children with ASD (Sibs-ASD) and 22 younger siblings of typically developing children (Sibs-TD) previously assessed in a longitudinal investigation starting in the second year of life. There were few group differences between Sibs-TD and Sibs-ASD on global measures of IQ, language, or behavior problems. Sibs-ASD did show vulnerabilities on measures of executive functioning, social cognition, and repetitive behaviors. These results highlight the importance of following sibling risk groups over an extended time period and employing measures targeting broader aspects of development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1263-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Parent Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating a Modular Behavioral Intervention for Young Autistic Children / Lynne LEVATO in Autism Research, 18-3 (March 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-3 (March 2025) . - p.675-683 Titre : Parent Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating a Modular Behavioral Intervention for Young Autistic Children Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lynne LEVATO, Auteur ; Samantha HOCHHEIMER, Auteur ; Hongyue WANG, Auteur ; Lisa WALLACE, Auteur ; Susan L. HYMAN, Auteur ; Cynthia ANDERSON, Auteur ; Zachary WARREN, Auteur ; Eric BUTTER, Auteur ; Ryan MARTIN, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Tristram SMITH, Auteur ; Cynthia JOHNSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.675-683 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : applied behavior analysis  autism  behavioral intervention  parent training  parental competence  parental stress  randomized clinical trial (RCT) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT We assessed parent stress and competence outcomes from participation in a randomized controlled trial of a modular behavioral intervention (Modular Approach for Young Autistic Children; MAYAC) compared to a treatment-as-usual comprehensive behavioral intervention (CBI). Throughout their participation, parents of military families were included in their child's treatment (e.g., identifying goals, learning strategies to support their child) and reported on their feelings of stress using the Parenting Stress Index 4, Short Form (PSI-4), as well as their feelings of satisfaction and efficacy as a parent on the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. A linear mixed model evaluated the differences in stress and competence from baseline to each assessment period through follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups in stress or competence ratings; however, there were within-group changes in both treatment arms over the course of the trial. In both groups, parent stress decreased, and competence increased over time, continuing to suggest that behavioral analytic intervention for young children with autism can promote positive parent outcomes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT04078061 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550 [article] Parent Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating a Modular Behavioral Intervention for Young Autistic Children [texte imprimé] / Lynne LEVATO, Auteur ; Samantha HOCHHEIMER, Auteur ; Hongyue WANG, Auteur ; Lisa WALLACE, Auteur ; Susan L. HYMAN, Auteur ; Cynthia ANDERSON, Auteur ; Zachary WARREN, Auteur ; Eric BUTTER, Auteur ; Ryan MARTIN, Auteur ; Evon B. LEE, Auteur ; Tristram SMITH, Auteur ; Cynthia JOHNSON, Auteur . - p.675-683. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-3 (March 2025) . - p.675-683 Mots-clés : applied behavior analysis  autism  behavioral intervention  parent training  parental competence  parental stress  randomized clinical trial (RCT) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT We assessed parent stress and competence outcomes from participation in a randomized controlled trial of a modular behavioral intervention (Modular Approach for Young Autistic Children; MAYAC) compared to a treatment-as-usual comprehensive behavioral intervention (CBI). Throughout their participation, parents of military families were included in their child's treatment (e.g., identifying goals, learning strategies to support their child) and reported on their feelings of stress using the Parenting Stress Index 4, Short Form (PSI-4), as well as their feelings of satisfaction and efficacy as a parent on the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. A linear mixed model evaluated the differences in stress and competence from baseline to each assessment period through follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups in stress or competence ratings; however, there were within-group changes in both treatment arms over the course of the trial. In both groups, parent stress decreased, and competence increased over time, continuing to suggest that behavioral analytic intervention for young children with autism can promote positive parent outcomes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT04078061 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=550

Prader-Willi syndrome and autism spectrum disorders: an evolving story / Elisabeth M. DYKENS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3-3 (September 2011)  

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