Brain Mechanisms for Processing Direct and Averted Gaze in Individuals with Autism / Naomi PITSKEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-12 (December 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-12 (December 2011) . - p.1686-1693 Titre : Brain Mechanisms for Processing Direct and Averted Gaze in Individuals with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Naomi PITSKEL, Auteur ; Danielle Z. BOLLING, Auteur ; Caitlin M. HUDAC, Auteur ; Stephen LANTZ, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Brent C. VANDER WYK, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1686-1693 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Direct gaze  Averted gaze  Gaze processing  Functional magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior studies have indicated brain abnormalities underlying social processing in autism, but no fMRI study has specifically addressed the differential processing of direct and averted gaze, a critical social cue. Fifteen adolescents and adults with autism and 14 typically developing comparison participants viewed dynamic virtual-reality videos depicting a simple but realistic social scenario, in which an approaching male figure maintained either direct or averted gaze. Significant group by condition interactions reflecting differential responses to direct versus averted gaze in people with autism relative to typically developing individuals were identified in the right temporoparietal junction, right anterior insula, left lateral occipital cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our results provide initial evidence regarding brain mechanisms underlying the processing of gaze direction during simple social encounters, providing new insight into the social deficits in individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1197-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148 [article] Brain Mechanisms for Processing Direct and Averted Gaze in Individuals with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Naomi PITSKEL, Auteur ; Danielle Z. BOLLING, Auteur ; Caitlin M. HUDAC, Auteur ; Stephen LANTZ, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Brent C. VANDER WYK, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1686-1693. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-12 (December 2011) . - p.1686-1693 Mots-clés : Autism  Direct gaze  Averted gaze  Gaze processing  Functional magnetic resonance imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior studies have indicated brain abnormalities underlying social processing in autism, but no fMRI study has specifically addressed the differential processing of direct and averted gaze, a critical social cue. Fifteen adolescents and adults with autism and 14 typically developing comparison participants viewed dynamic virtual-reality videos depicting a simple but realistic social scenario, in which an approaching male figure maintained either direct or averted gaze. Significant group by condition interactions reflecting differential responses to direct versus averted gaze in people with autism relative to typically developing individuals were identified in the right temporoparietal junction, right anterior insula, left lateral occipital cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our results provide initial evidence regarding brain mechanisms underlying the processing of gaze direction during simple social encounters, providing new insight into the social deficits in individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1197-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148

Neural Mechanisms of Improvements in Social Motivation After Pivotal Response Treatment: Two Case Studies / Avery C. VOOS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-1 (January 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-1 (January 2013) . - p.1-10 Titre : Neural Mechanisms of Improvements in Social Motivation After Pivotal Response Treatment: Two Case Studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Avery C. VOOS, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Jonathan TIRRELL, Auteur ; Danielle Z. BOLLING, Auteur ; Brent C. VANDER WYK, Auteur ; Martha D. KAISER, Auteur ; James C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; Fred R. VOLKMAR, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-10 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pivotal response treatment  fMRI  Autism  Intervention  Outcome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pivotal response treatment (PRT) is an empirically validated behavioral treatment that has widespread positive effects on communication, behavior, and social skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For the first time, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural correlates of successful response to PRT in two young children with ASD. Baseline measures of social communication, adaptive behavior, eye tracking and neural response to social stimuli were taken prior to treatment and after 4 months of PRT. Both children showed striking gains on behavioral measures and also showed increased activation to social stimuli in brain regions utilized by typically developing children. These results suggest that neural systems supporting social perception are malleable through implementation of PRT. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1683-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=187 [article] Neural Mechanisms of Improvements in Social Motivation After Pivotal Response Treatment: Two Case Studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Avery C. VOOS, Auteur ; Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Jonathan TIRRELL, Auteur ; Danielle Z. BOLLING, Auteur ; Brent C. VANDER WYK, Auteur ; Martha D. KAISER, Auteur ; James C. MCPARTLAND, Auteur ; Fred R. VOLKMAR, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur . - p.1-10. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-1 (January 2013) . - p.1-10 Mots-clés : Pivotal response treatment  fMRI  Autism  Intervention  Outcome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pivotal response treatment (PRT) is an empirically validated behavioral treatment that has widespread positive effects on communication, behavior, and social skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For the first time, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural correlates of successful response to PRT in two young children with ASD. Baseline measures of social communication, adaptive behavior, eye tracking and neural response to social stimuli were taken prior to treatment and after 4 months of PRT. Both children showed striking gains on behavioral measures and also showed increased activation to social stimuli in brain regions utilized by typically developing children. These results suggest that neural systems supporting social perception are malleable through implementation of PRT. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1683-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=187

Research Review: Constraining heterogeneity: the social brain and its development in autism spectrum disorder / Kevin A. PELPHREY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-6 (June 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-6 (June 2011) . - p.631-644 Titre : Research Review: Constraining heterogeneity: the social brain and its development in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Sarah SHULTZ, Auteur ; Caitlin M. HUDAC, Auteur ; Brent C. VANDER WYK, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.631-644 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social perception  social cognition  autism  functional neuroimaging  social brain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The expression of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heterogeneous, owing to the complex interactions between genes, the brain, and behavior throughout development. Here we present a model of ASD that implicates an early and initial failure to develop the specialized functions of one or more of the set of neuroanatomical structures involved in social information processing (i.e., the ‘social brain’). From this early and primary disruption, abnormal brain development is canalized because the individual with an ASD must develop in a highly social world without the specialized neural systems that would ordinarily allow him or her to partake in the fabric of social life, which is woven from the thread of opportunities for social reciprocity and the tools of social engagement. This brain canalization gives rise to other characteristic behavioral deficits in ASD including deficits in communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. We propose that focused efforts to explore the brain mechanisms underlying the core, pathognomic deficits in the development of mechanisms for social engagement in ASD will greatly elucidate our understanding and treatment of this complex, devastating family of neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, developmental studies (i.e., longitudinal studies of young children with and without ASD, as well as infants at increased risk for being identified with ASD) of the neural circuitry supporting key aspects of social information processing are likely to provide important insights into the underlying components of the full-syndrome of ASD. These studies could also contribute to the identification of developmental brain endophenotypes to facilitate genetic studies. The potential for this kind of approach is illustrated via examples of functional neuroimaging research from our own laboratory implicating the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) as a key player in the set of neural structures giving rise to ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02349.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=126 [article] Research Review: Constraining heterogeneity: the social brain and its development in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kevin A. PELPHREY, Auteur ; Sarah SHULTZ, Auteur ; Caitlin M. HUDAC, Auteur ; Brent C. VANDER WYK, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.631-644. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-6 (June 2011) . - p.631-644 Mots-clés : Social perception  social cognition  autism  functional neuroimaging  social brain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The expression of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heterogeneous, owing to the complex interactions between genes, the brain, and behavior throughout development. Here we present a model of ASD that implicates an early and initial failure to develop the specialized functions of one or more of the set of neuroanatomical structures involved in social information processing (i.e., the ‘social brain’). From this early and primary disruption, abnormal brain development is canalized because the individual with an ASD must develop in a highly social world without the specialized neural systems that would ordinarily allow him or her to partake in the fabric of social life, which is woven from the thread of opportunities for social reciprocity and the tools of social engagement. This brain canalization gives rise to other characteristic behavioral deficits in ASD including deficits in communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. We propose that focused efforts to explore the brain mechanisms underlying the core, pathognomic deficits in the development of mechanisms for social engagement in ASD will greatly elucidate our understanding and treatment of this complex, devastating family of neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, developmental studies (i.e., longitudinal studies of young children with and without ASD, as well as infants at increased risk for being identified with ASD) of the neural circuitry supporting key aspects of social information processing are likely to provide important insights into the underlying components of the full-syndrome of ASD. These studies could also contribute to the identification of developmental brain endophenotypes to facilitate genetic studies. The potential for this kind of approach is illustrated via examples of functional neuroimaging research from our own laboratory implicating the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) as a key player in the set of neural structures giving rise to ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02349.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=126

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