Dépouillements

Characterising the relationship between theory of mind and anxiety in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and typically developing children / Jiedi LEI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.1-12 Titre : Characterising the relationship between theory of mind and anxiety in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and typically developing children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jiedi LEI, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-12 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)  Theory of Mind (ToM)  Joint attention  Anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Social communication impairments associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multi-faceted phenomenon that encapsulates a broad range of skills with Theory of Mind (ToM) as a key component. Early Theory of Mind (ToM) skills, such as joint attention, typically develop during infancy and provide a foundation for the co-emergence of affect regulation via social referencing. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrate delays and impairments in the development of ToM, and up to 40% of children with ASD also experience co-occurring symptoms of anxiety and poor affect regulation. Method: Using parent report, this cross-sectional study aimed to characterise the relationship between ToM competency and anxiety, and explore how specific ToM deficits may confer vulnerability to anxiety in children (4–8 years old) with ASD. Results: Early ToM skills, such as joint attention and social referencing, mediated the relationship between broader social communication impairments and anxiety symptom severity in children with ASD. Conclusions: Increasing competency of early ToM skills might provide additional therapeutic benefits for clinical interventions targeting anxiety in children with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] Characterising the relationship between theory of mind and anxiety in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and typically developing children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jiedi LEI, Auteur ; Pamela VENTOLA, Auteur . - p.1-12. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.1-12 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)  Theory of Mind (ToM)  Joint attention  Anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Social communication impairments associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multi-faceted phenomenon that encapsulates a broad range of skills with Theory of Mind (ToM) as a key component. Early Theory of Mind (ToM) skills, such as joint attention, typically develop during infancy and provide a foundation for the co-emergence of affect regulation via social referencing. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrate delays and impairments in the development of ToM, and up to 40% of children with ASD also experience co-occurring symptoms of anxiety and poor affect regulation. Method: Using parent report, this cross-sectional study aimed to characterise the relationship between ToM competency and anxiety, and explore how specific ToM deficits may confer vulnerability to anxiety in children (4–8 years old) with ASD. Results: Early ToM skills, such as joint attention and social referencing, mediated the relationship between broader social communication impairments and anxiety symptom severity in children with ASD. Conclusions: Increasing competency of early ToM skills might provide additional therapeutic benefits for clinical interventions targeting anxiety in children with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

Giving thanks: Findings from a gratitude intervention with mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder / Lisa TIMMONS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.13-24 Titre : Giving thanks: Findings from a gratitude intervention with mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa TIMMONS, Auteur ; Naomi V. EKAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.13-24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Gratitude  Intervention  Character strengths  Mothers  Positive psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Gratitude is a character strength related to greater well-being in the general population; however, it has not been studied extensively in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, an online, writing-based gratitude intervention was conducted with mothers of children with ASD. Method Various areas of well-being were assessed immediately prior to and after the intervention and at a one-month follow-up for 64 mothers of children with ASD. The study participants were divided into two intervention groups and a control group. Participants in each group were asked to complete a weekly writing activity for eight weeks and were included in the study if they completed assessments at all three major time points. Results Across all conditions, including the life events control group, mothers improved in well-being, parenting self-efficacy, positive maternal characteristics, and relationship quality. Group differences were found only for parenting satisfaction. Changes in reported child behavior problems were non-significant. Conclusions Findings suggest improvement in several areas of well-being following the gratitude intervention with mothers of children with ASD. However, positive changes were seen in the control group, as well. Therefore, it is possible that some other aspect of the intervention, such as written personal disclosure is driving improvements in well-being. Implications for positive psychology intervention research are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] Giving thanks: Findings from a gratitude intervention with mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa TIMMONS, Auteur ; Naomi V. EKAS, Auteur . - p.13-24. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.13-24 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Gratitude  Intervention  Character strengths  Mothers  Positive psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Gratitude is a character strength related to greater well-being in the general population; however, it has not been studied extensively in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, an online, writing-based gratitude intervention was conducted with mothers of children with ASD. Method Various areas of well-being were assessed immediately prior to and after the intervention and at a one-month follow-up for 64 mothers of children with ASD. The study participants were divided into two intervention groups and a control group. Participants in each group were asked to complete a weekly writing activity for eight weeks and were included in the study if they completed assessments at all three major time points. Results Across all conditions, including the life events control group, mothers improved in well-being, parenting self-efficacy, positive maternal characteristics, and relationship quality. Group differences were found only for parenting satisfaction. Changes in reported child behavior problems were non-significant. Conclusions Findings suggest improvement in several areas of well-being following the gratitude intervention with mothers of children with ASD. However, positive changes were seen in the control group, as well. Therefore, it is possible that some other aspect of the intervention, such as written personal disclosure is driving improvements in well-being. Implications for positive psychology intervention research are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

The content and function of interests in the broad autism phenotype / Kerrianne E. MORRISON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.25-33 Titre : The content and function of interests in the broad autism phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kerrianne E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Lacey K. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.25-33 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Broad autism phenotype  Circumscribed interests  Interests  Adults Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to mild characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that extend beyond the threshold of diagnosis into the general population. Individuals with BAP traits exhibit reduced social skill and social cognitive ability relative to individuals without these traits, but the degree to which non-social aspects of ASD extend to the BAP has received considerably less attention. The current study examined whether a prominent non-social characteristic of ASD, circumscribed interests (CIs), are qualitatively similar in the BAP. Method Typically-developing adults (N?=?174) categorized as either BAP positive (n?=?49) or BAP negative (n?=?125) on the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire rated their subjective emotional responses to images of common CIs and non-CIs (i.e., interests not commonly reported in ASD). Participants also completed the Interests Scale measuring the number of their current interests and the intensity with which they pursue their primary interest. Results BAP positive adults rated CIs more arousing (i.e., more energizing) and non-CIs lower on valence (i.e., less pleasurable) compared to BAP negative adults. Additionally, BAP positive males but not females showed higher valence responses for CIs relative to their BAP negative counterparts. BAP positive adults also endorsed more CIs than BAP negative adults on the Interests Scale, and reported greater intensity and inflexibility when engaging with their primary interest. Conclusions These findings suggest that many aspects of the content and function of CIs reported for autism extend to the BAP in the general population in a milder form. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] The content and function of interests in the broad autism phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kerrianne E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Lacey K. CHAMBERS, Auteur ; Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.25-33. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.25-33 Mots-clés : Broad autism phenotype  Circumscribed interests  Interests  Adults Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to mild characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that extend beyond the threshold of diagnosis into the general population. Individuals with BAP traits exhibit reduced social skill and social cognitive ability relative to individuals without these traits, but the degree to which non-social aspects of ASD extend to the BAP has received considerably less attention. The current study examined whether a prominent non-social characteristic of ASD, circumscribed interests (CIs), are qualitatively similar in the BAP. Method Typically-developing adults (N?=?174) categorized as either BAP positive (n?=?49) or BAP negative (n?=?125) on the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire rated their subjective emotional responses to images of common CIs and non-CIs (i.e., interests not commonly reported in ASD). Participants also completed the Interests Scale measuring the number of their current interests and the intensity with which they pursue their primary interest. Results BAP positive adults rated CIs more arousing (i.e., more energizing) and non-CIs lower on valence (i.e., less pleasurable) compared to BAP negative adults. Additionally, BAP positive males but not females showed higher valence responses for CIs relative to their BAP negative counterparts. BAP positive adults also endorsed more CIs than BAP negative adults on the Interests Scale, and reported greater intensity and inflexibility when engaging with their primary interest. Conclusions These findings suggest that many aspects of the content and function of CIs reported for autism extend to the BAP in the general population in a milder form. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

Action prediction in 10-month-old infants at high and low familial risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder / Ricarda BRAUKMANN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.34-46 Titre : Action prediction in 10-month-old infants at high and low familial risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ricarda BRAUKMANN, Auteur ; Emma K. WARD, Auteur ; Roy S. HESSELS, Auteur ; Harold BEKKERING, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Sabine HUNNIUS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.34-46 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye tracking  Infant  Siblings  ASD  Action prediction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Several studies have reported action prediction difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although action prediction develops in infancy, little is known about prediction abilities in infants at risk for ASD. Methods Using eye tracking, we measured action anticipations in 52 10-month-old infants at high and low familial risk for ASD. Infants were repeatedly presented with actions during which a familiar object (cup/phone) was either brought to a location usually associated with the object (cup-to-mouth/phone-to-ear; usual condition) or to an unusual location (cup-to-ear/phone-to-mouth; unusual condition). We assessed infants’ anticipations to the actual target location (i.e., the location where the object was actually brought; the mouth in cup-to-mouth/phone-to-mouth actions; the ear in cup-to-ear/phone-to-ear actions) and the alternative target location (the ear in cup-to-mouth/phone-to-mouth actions; the mouth in cup-to-ear/phone-to-ear actions). Results Anticipation frequencies were modulated by object knowledge across all infants: We found more frequent anticipations towards the alternative target location for unusual compared to usual actions. This effect was in particular present for mouth anticipations which were also overall more frequent than ear anticipations. Across usual and unusual actions, infants showed more frequent anticipations towards the actual target location, potentially representing a learning effect elicited by the repeated action presentation. Importantly, there were no differences between the low- and high-risk infants in predictive eye movements. Conclusion Whereas our results suggest that familial risk for ASD does not affect action prediction in infancy, future research needs to investigate whether differences are apparent in those high-risk infants who later receive a diagnosis. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] Action prediction in 10-month-old infants at high and low familial risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ricarda BRAUKMANN, Auteur ; Emma K. WARD, Auteur ; Roy S. HESSELS, Auteur ; Harold BEKKERING, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Sabine HUNNIUS, Auteur . - p.34-46. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.34-46 Mots-clés : Eye tracking  Infant  Siblings  ASD  Action prediction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Several studies have reported action prediction difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although action prediction develops in infancy, little is known about prediction abilities in infants at risk for ASD. Methods Using eye tracking, we measured action anticipations in 52 10-month-old infants at high and low familial risk for ASD. Infants were repeatedly presented with actions during which a familiar object (cup/phone) was either brought to a location usually associated with the object (cup-to-mouth/phone-to-ear; usual condition) or to an unusual location (cup-to-ear/phone-to-mouth; unusual condition). We assessed infants’ anticipations to the actual target location (i.e., the location where the object was actually brought; the mouth in cup-to-mouth/phone-to-mouth actions; the ear in cup-to-ear/phone-to-ear actions) and the alternative target location (the ear in cup-to-mouth/phone-to-mouth actions; the mouth in cup-to-ear/phone-to-ear actions). Results Anticipation frequencies were modulated by object knowledge across all infants: We found more frequent anticipations towards the alternative target location for unusual compared to usual actions. This effect was in particular present for mouth anticipations which were also overall more frequent than ear anticipations. Across usual and unusual actions, infants showed more frequent anticipations towards the actual target location, potentially representing a learning effect elicited by the repeated action presentation. Importantly, there were no differences between the low- and high-risk infants in predictive eye movements. Conclusion Whereas our results suggest that familial risk for ASD does not affect action prediction in infancy, future research needs to investigate whether differences are apparent in those high-risk infants who later receive a diagnosis. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

Differences in verbal and nonverbal IQ test scores in children with autism spectrum disorder / Sabrina N. GRONDHUIS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.47-55 Titre : Differences in verbal and nonverbal IQ test scores in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sabrina N. GRONDHUIS, Auteur ; Luc LECAVALIER, Auteur ; L. Eugene ARNOLD, Auteur ; Benjamin L. HANDEN, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur ; Christopher J. MCDOUGLE, Auteur ; Michael G. AMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.47-55 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  ASD  Intelligence  IQ  Language  Assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Intelligence tests are a fundamental component of diagnostic assessments for children with suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are many assessments available, but scores across tests may not be comparable in children with ASD. Method Eighty children (68 boys) age 4–14 years with ASD completed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th Edition (SB5), a verbal measure of intelligence, and the Leiter International Performance Scale – Revised (Leiter-R), a nonverbal measure of intelligence. Results Although discrepancies went in both directions, we found significantly higher mean scores on the Leiter-R than SB5 (9.6 point difference). Children younger than 8 years had more pronounced discrepancies (13.8 points vs. 3.5 points for >8?years), and children with less-developed language skills had greater discrepancies (13.1 points vs. 5.8 points for higher language skills). Conclusion This suggests these IQ tests are not interchangeable and language demands may produce different results that could impact clinician interpretation. Both clinicians and researchers should be aware of the likely impact of adopting primarily verbal vs. nonverbal tests when assessing children with ASD, especially those with less language. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] Differences in verbal and nonverbal IQ test scores in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sabrina N. GRONDHUIS, Auteur ; Luc LECAVALIER, Auteur ; L. Eugene ARNOLD, Auteur ; Benjamin L. HANDEN, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur ; Christopher J. MCDOUGLE, Auteur ; Michael G. AMAN, Auteur . - p.47-55. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.47-55 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  ASD  Intelligence  IQ  Language  Assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Intelligence tests are a fundamental component of diagnostic assessments for children with suspected autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are many assessments available, but scores across tests may not be comparable in children with ASD. Method Eighty children (68 boys) age 4–14 years with ASD completed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th Edition (SB5), a verbal measure of intelligence, and the Leiter International Performance Scale – Revised (Leiter-R), a nonverbal measure of intelligence. Results Although discrepancies went in both directions, we found significantly higher mean scores on the Leiter-R than SB5 (9.6 point difference). Children younger than 8 years had more pronounced discrepancies (13.8 points vs. 3.5 points for >8?years), and children with less-developed language skills had greater discrepancies (13.1 points vs. 5.8 points for higher language skills). Conclusion This suggests these IQ tests are not interchangeable and language demands may produce different results that could impact clinician interpretation. Both clinicians and researchers should be aware of the likely impact of adopting primarily verbal vs. nonverbal tests when assessing children with ASD, especially those with less language. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.02.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

Use of the Chinese version modified checklist for autism in toddlers in a high-risk sample in Taiwan / Yi Shan WONG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.56-64 Titre : Use of the Chinese version modified checklist for autism in toddlers in a high-risk sample in Taiwan Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yi Shan WONG, Auteur ; Ching-Chi YANG, Auteur ; Lydia STEWART, Auteur ; Chung-Hsin CHIANG, Auteur ; Chin-Chin WU, Auteur ; Lai-Sang IAO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.56-64 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Screening  Sensitivity  Specificity  C-M-CHAT Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the utility of the Chinese version Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (C-M-CHAT) in a high-risk sample. This study recruited 236 children aged from 18 to 47 months old in rural area of Southern Taiwan, including 113 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 123 children with Developmental Delay (DD). Using failing any four of the 23 C-M-CHAT items as cutoff, it showed a sensitivity of 77.0% and a specificity of 72.4%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 71.9% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 77.4%. Using failing any three of the 14 new critical items–referred to as the “Brief 14”–as cutoff, it yielded a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 82.1%. The PPV of the “Brief 14” was 78.4% while the NPV was 75.4%. The preliminary results of the C-M-CHAT and the “Brief 14” performance demonstrated an acceptable predictive validity and promising utility for use in high-risk, rural populations in Taiwan. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] Use of the Chinese version modified checklist for autism in toddlers in a high-risk sample in Taiwan [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yi Shan WONG, Auteur ; Ching-Chi YANG, Auteur ; Lydia STEWART, Auteur ; Chung-Hsin CHIANG, Auteur ; Chin-Chin WU, Auteur ; Lai-Sang IAO, Auteur . - p.56-64. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.56-64 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Screening  Sensitivity  Specificity  C-M-CHAT Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the utility of the Chinese version Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (C-M-CHAT) in a high-risk sample. This study recruited 236 children aged from 18 to 47 months old in rural area of Southern Taiwan, including 113 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 123 children with Developmental Delay (DD). Using failing any four of the 23 C-M-CHAT items as cutoff, it showed a sensitivity of 77.0% and a specificity of 72.4%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 71.9% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 77.4%. Using failing any three of the 14 new critical items–referred to as the “Brief 14”–as cutoff, it yielded a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 82.1%. The PPV of the “Brief 14” was 78.4% while the NPV was 75.4%. The preliminary results of the C-M-CHAT and the “Brief 14” performance demonstrated an acceptable predictive validity and promising utility for use in high-risk, rural populations in Taiwan. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

Intestinal microbiota, metabolome and gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders / Rafail I. KUSHAK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 49 (May 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.65-74 Titre : Intestinal microbiota, metabolome and gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rafail I. KUSHAK, Auteur ; Harland S. WINTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.65-74 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Gender  Microbiota  Metabolome  Gut-brain interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a male predominance in autism, with a male/female ratio of 4:1 and an even higher ratio (11:1) in individuals with high functioning autism. The reasons for gender differences in ASD are unknown. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, but no definitive evidence exists to explain male predominance. In this review, evidence is presented to support a hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota and metabolome play a role in gender dimorphism in children with autism. Metabolic products may affect not only gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system, but also behavior, supporting communication between GI tract and central nervous system. Furthermore, mood and anxiety may affect intestinal function, indicating bidirectional flow in the gut-brain axis. Several hormone-based hypotheses are discussed to explain the prevalence of autism in males. Observations in animal models and studies in humans on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome are reviewed to support the proposed gender dimorphism hypothesis. We hypothesize that the intestinal microbiome is a contributing factor to the prevalence of ASD in boys either directly, through microbial metabolites and/or epigenetic factors capable of regulating host gene expression through DNA methylation and/or histone modification. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] Intestinal microbiota, metabolome and gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rafail I. KUSHAK, Auteur ; Harland S. WINTER, Auteur . - p.65-74. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 49 (May 2018) . - p.65-74 Mots-clés : Autism  Gender  Microbiota  Metabolome  Gut-brain interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is a male predominance in autism, with a male/female ratio of 4:1 and an even higher ratio (11:1) in individuals with high functioning autism. The reasons for gender differences in ASD are unknown. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, but no definitive evidence exists to explain male predominance. In this review, evidence is presented to support a hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota and metabolome play a role in gender dimorphism in children with autism. Metabolic products may affect not only gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system, but also behavior, supporting communication between GI tract and central nervous system. Furthermore, mood and anxiety may affect intestinal function, indicating bidirectional flow in the gut-brain axis. Several hormone-based hypotheses are discussed to explain the prevalence of autism in males. Observations in animal models and studies in humans on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome are reviewed to support the proposed gender dimorphism hypothesis. We hypothesize that the intestinal microbiome is a contributing factor to the prevalence of ASD in boys either directly, through microbial metabolites and/or epigenetic factors capable of regulating host gene expression through DNA methylation and/or histone modification. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.01.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340