Atypical Social Modulation of Imitation in Autism Spectrum Conditions / Jennifer L. COOK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-6 (June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-6 (June 2012) . - p.1045-1051 Titre : Atypical Social Modulation of Imitation in Autism Spectrum Conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1045-1051 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Imitation  Mirror neuron  Social priming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Appropriate modulation of imitation according to social context is important for successful social interaction. In the present study we subliminally primed high-functioning adults with ASC and age- and IQ-matched controls with either a pro- or non- social attitude. Following priming, an automatic imitation paradigm was used to acquire an index of imitation. Whereas imitation levels were higher for pro-socially primed relative to non-socially primed control participants, there was no difference between pro- and non- socially primed individuals with ASC. We conclude that high-functioning adults with ASC demonstrate atypical social modulation of imitation. Given the importance of imitation in social interaction we speculate that difficulties with the modulation of imitation may contribute to the social problems characteristic of ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1341-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=156 [article] Atypical Social Modulation of Imitation in Autism Spectrum Conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1045-1051. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-6 (June 2012) . - p.1045-1051 Mots-clés : Autism  Imitation  Mirror neuron  Social priming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Appropriate modulation of imitation according to social context is important for successful social interaction. In the present study we subliminally primed high-functioning adults with ASC and age- and IQ-matched controls with either a pro- or non- social attitude. Following priming, an automatic imitation paradigm was used to acquire an index of imitation. Whereas imitation levels were higher for pro-socially primed relative to non-socially primed control participants, there was no difference between pro- and non- socially primed individuals with ASC. We conclude that high-functioning adults with ASC demonstrate atypical social modulation of imitation. Given the importance of imitation in social interaction we speculate that difficulties with the modulation of imitation may contribute to the social problems characteristic of ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1341-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=156

Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults / Connor T. KEATING in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.493-506 Titre : Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.493-506 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals require dynamic angry expressions to have a higher speed in order for them to be successfully identified. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ?deficit? in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterised by very high-speed movement. In this study, matched groups of autistic and non-autistic adults completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus until it moved at a speed that, in their ?mind's eye?, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Participants were shown three different types of PLFs?those showing the full-face, only the eye region, and only the mouth region, wherein the latter two were included to test whether differences in facial information sampling underpinned any dissimilarities in speed attributions. Across both groups, participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ?caricatured? internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasised. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face angry, happy and sad expressions respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypically fast internal representations of anger. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur . - p.493-506. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.493-506 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals require dynamic angry expressions to have a higher speed in order for them to be successfully identified. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ?deficit? in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterised by very high-speed movement. In this study, matched groups of autistic and non-autistic adults completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus until it moved at a speed that, in their ?mind's eye?, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Participants were shown three different types of PLFs?those showing the full-face, only the eye region, and only the mouth region, wherein the latter two were included to test whether differences in facial information sampling underpinned any dissimilarities in speed attributions. Across both groups, participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ?caricatured? internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasised. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face angry, happy and sad expressions respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypically fast internal representations of anger. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia / Connor T. KEATING in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-4 (April 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-4 (April 2022) . - p.1855-1871 Titre : Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Dagmar S. FRASER, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1855-1871 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/psychology  Anger  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Facial Recognition  Humans  Alexithymia  Emotion recognition  Movement kinematics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To date, studies have not established whether autistic and non-autistic individuals differ in emotion recognition from facial motion cues when matched in terms of alexithymia. Here, autistic and non-autistic adults (N=60) matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning ability and alexithymia, completed an emotion recognition task, which employed dynamic point light displays of emotional facial expressions manipulated in terms of speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic participants exhibited significantly lower accuracy for angry, but not happy or sad, facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic, and not alexithymic, traits were predictive of accuracy for angry facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Alexithymic traits, in contrast, were predictive of the magnitude of both correct and incorrect emotion ratings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05083-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Dagmar S. FRASER, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur . - p.1855-1871. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-4 (April 2022) . - p.1855-1871 Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/psychology  Anger  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Facial Recognition  Humans  Alexithymia  Emotion recognition  Movement kinematics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To date, studies have not established whether autistic and non-autistic individuals differ in emotion recognition from facial motion cues when matched in terms of alexithymia. Here, autistic and non-autistic adults (N=60) matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning ability and alexithymia, completed an emotion recognition task, which employed dynamic point light displays of emotional facial expressions manipulated in terms of speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic participants exhibited significantly lower accuracy for angry, but not happy or sad, facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic, and not alexithymic, traits were predictive of accuracy for angry facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Alexithymic traits, in contrast, were predictive of the magnitude of both correct and incorrect emotion ratings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05083-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476

Reward Devaluation in Autistic Children and Adolescents with Complex Needs: A Feasibility Study / Anna LAMBRECHTS in Autism Research, 13-11 (November 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1915-1928 Titre : Reward Devaluation in Autistic Children and Adolescents with Complex Needs: A Feasibility Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna LAMBRECHTS, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur ; Elliot A. LUDVIG, Auteur ; Eduardo ALONSO, Auteur ; Sophie ANNS, Auteur ; Maddison TAYLOR, Auteur ; Sebastian B GAIGG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1915-1928 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  complex needs  devaluation  intellectual disability  reward processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rewards act as a motivator for positive behavior and learning. Although compounding evidence indicates that reward processing operates differently in autistic individuals who do not have co-occurring learning disabilities, little is known about individuals who have such difficulties or other complex needs. This study aimed first to assess the feasibility of using an adapted reward devaluation paradigm to examine basic reward processes in this underrepresented population, and second to investigate whether autistic children and adolescents with complex needs would show dynamic behavioral changes in response to changes in the motivational value of a reward. Twenty-seven autistic children and adolescents with complex needs and 20 typically developing 5-year-old children took part in the study. Participants were presented with two visual cues on a touchscreen laptop, which triggered the delivery of a video, music, or physical reward. One of the rewards was then presented in abundance to decrease its motivational value. Participants showed decreased interest in the video and music rewards after devaluation. The experimental setup was found to be suitable to test individuals with complex needs, although recommendations are made for the use of physical rewards. The results suggest that autistic participants with complex needs demonstrate goal-directed behavior and that it is feasible to develop experimental paradigms that can shed important light on learning processes that are fundamental to many education and intervention strategies for this population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1915-1928. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. LAY SUMMARY: We adapted an experimental task to conduct research with autistic children and adolescents with complex needs, who remain grossly underrepresented in autism research. We found that once a reward was presented in great quantity, participants were less motivated to obtain it, showing that they adapted their behavior to changes in the value of that reward. This is an important finding to help promote learning and design better interventions for this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Reward Devaluation in Autistic Children and Adolescents with Complex Needs: A Feasibility Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna LAMBRECHTS, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur ; Elliot A. LUDVIG, Auteur ; Eduardo ALONSO, Auteur ; Sophie ANNS, Auteur ; Maddison TAYLOR, Auteur ; Sebastian B GAIGG, Auteur . - p.1915-1928. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-11 (November 2020) . - p.1915-1928 Mots-clés : autism  complex needs  devaluation  intellectual disability  reward processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Rewards act as a motivator for positive behavior and learning. Although compounding evidence indicates that reward processing operates differently in autistic individuals who do not have co-occurring learning disabilities, little is known about individuals who have such difficulties or other complex needs. This study aimed first to assess the feasibility of using an adapted reward devaluation paradigm to examine basic reward processes in this underrepresented population, and second to investigate whether autistic children and adolescents with complex needs would show dynamic behavioral changes in response to changes in the motivational value of a reward. Twenty-seven autistic children and adolescents with complex needs and 20 typically developing 5-year-old children took part in the study. Participants were presented with two visual cues on a touchscreen laptop, which triggered the delivery of a video, music, or physical reward. One of the rewards was then presented in abundance to decrease its motivational value. Participants showed decreased interest in the video and music rewards after devaluation. The experimental setup was found to be suitable to test individuals with complex needs, although recommendations are made for the use of physical rewards. The results suggest that autistic participants with complex needs demonstrate goal-directed behavior and that it is feasible to develop experimental paradigms that can shed important light on learning processes that are fundamental to many education and intervention strategies for this population. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1915-1928. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. LAY SUMMARY: We adapted an experimental task to conduct research with autistic children and adolescents with complex needs, who remain grossly underrepresented in autism research. We found that once a reward was presented in great quantity, participants were less motivated to obtain it, showing that they adapted their behavior to changes in the value of that reward. This is an important finding to help promote learning and design better interventions for this population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

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