Dépouillements

Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Justin K. SIEMANN in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1430-1449 Titre : Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Justin K. SIEMANN, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur ; Mark T. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1430-1449 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abnormal sensory responses are a DSM-5 symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and research findings demonstrate altered sensory processing in ASD. Beyond difficulties with processing information within single sensory domains, including both hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, difficulties in multisensory processing are becoming a core issue of focus in ASD. These difficulties may be targeted by treatment approaches such as “sensory integration,” which is frequently applied in autism treatment but not yet based on clear evidence. Recently, psychophysical data have emerged to demonstrate multisensory deficits in some children with ASD. Unlike deficits in social communication, which are best understood in humans, sensory and multisensory changes offer a tractable marker of circuit dysfunction that is more easily translated into animal model systems to probe the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Paralleling experimental paradigms that were previously applied in humans and larger mammals, we and others have demonstrated that multisensory function can also be examined behaviorally in rodents. Here, we review the sensory and multisensory difficulties commonly found in ASD, examining laboratory findings that relate these findings across species. Next, we discuss the known neurobiology of multisensory integration, drawing largely on experimental work in larger mammals, and extensions of these paradigms into rodents. Finally, we describe emerging investigations into multisensory processing in genetic mouse models related to autism risk. By detailing findings from humans to mice, we highlight the advantage of multisensory paradigms that can be easily translated across species, as well as the potential for rodent experimental systems to reveal opportunities for novel treatments. Lay Summary Sensory and multisensory deficits are commonly found in ASD and may result in cascading effects that impact social communication. By using similar experiments to those in humans, we discuss how studies in animal models may allow an understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie difficulties in multisensory integration, with the ultimate goal of developing new treatments. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1430–1449. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2375 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Approaches to Understanding Multisensory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Justin K. SIEMANN, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur ; Mark T. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.1430-1449. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1430-1449 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abnormal sensory responses are a DSM-5 symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and research findings demonstrate altered sensory processing in ASD. Beyond difficulties with processing information within single sensory domains, including both hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, difficulties in multisensory processing are becoming a core issue of focus in ASD. These difficulties may be targeted by treatment approaches such as “sensory integration,” which is frequently applied in autism treatment but not yet based on clear evidence. Recently, psychophysical data have emerged to demonstrate multisensory deficits in some children with ASD. Unlike deficits in social communication, which are best understood in humans, sensory and multisensory changes offer a tractable marker of circuit dysfunction that is more easily translated into animal model systems to probe the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Paralleling experimental paradigms that were previously applied in humans and larger mammals, we and others have demonstrated that multisensory function can also be examined behaviorally in rodents. Here, we review the sensory and multisensory difficulties commonly found in ASD, examining laboratory findings that relate these findings across species. Next, we discuss the known neurobiology of multisensory integration, drawing largely on experimental work in larger mammals, and extensions of these paradigms into rodents. Finally, we describe emerging investigations into multisensory processing in genetic mouse models related to autism risk. By detailing findings from humans to mice, we highlight the advantage of multisensory paradigms that can be easily translated across species, as well as the potential for rodent experimental systems to reveal opportunities for novel treatments. Lay Summary Sensory and multisensory deficits are commonly found in ASD and may result in cascading effects that impact social communication. By using similar experiments to those in humans, we discuss how studies in animal models may allow an understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie difficulties in multisensory integration, with the ultimate goal of developing new treatments. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1430–1449. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2375 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

The Feasibility and Outcomes of Genetic Testing for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders on an Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service / Aaron D. BESTERMAN in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1450-1464 Titre : The Feasibility and Outcomes of Genetic Testing for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders on an Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aaron D. BESTERMAN, Auteur ; Joshua SADIK, Auteur ; Michael J. ENENBACH, Auteur ; Fabiola QUINTERO-RIVERA, Auteur ; Mark DEANTONIO, Auteur ; Julian A. MARTINEZ-AGOSTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1450-1464 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diagnostic genetic testing is recommended for children with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders. One approach to improve access to genetic testing is to offer it on the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) service. We provided medical genetics education to CAP fellows and retrospectively compared the genetic testing rates and diagnostic yield pre- and post-education. We compared demographics to similar patients who received testing on other clinical services and assessed rates of outpatient genetics follow-up post-discharge. The genetic testing rate on the inpatient CAP service was 1.6% before the educational intervention and 10.7% afterward. Genetic risk factors were identified in 4.3% of inpatients. However, 34.8% had variants of unknown significance. 39.1% of patients who received genetic testing while inpatients were underrepresented minorities, compared to 7.7% of inpatients who received genetic testing from other clinical services. 43.5% of patients were lost to outpatient genetics follow-up. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to provide medical genetics education to CAP fellows on an inpatient service, which may improve genetic testing rates. This preliminary evidence also suggests that genetic testing for inpatients may identify variants of unknown significance instead of well-known neurodevelopmental disorder risk variants. Genetic testing on an inpatient CAP service may also improve access to genetic services for underrepresented minorities, but assuring outpatient follow-up can be challenging. Lay Summary Genetic testing is recommended for children with autism and related developmental conditions. We provided genetic testing to a group of these children who were in a psychiatric hospital by teaching their doctors how it can be helpful. We identified a genetic risk factor in a small percentage of children and a possible genetic risk factor in a large percentage of children. However, many children did not end up receiving their genetic test results once they left the hospital. These results tell us that the psychiatric hospital may be a good place for children with autism and behavioral problems to get genetic testing, but that it is really important that doctors assure follow-up is feasible for all patients to receive their genetic test results once they leave the hospital. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1450–1464. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2338 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] The Feasibility and Outcomes of Genetic Testing for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders on an Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aaron D. BESTERMAN, Auteur ; Joshua SADIK, Auteur ; Michael J. ENENBACH, Auteur ; Fabiola QUINTERO-RIVERA, Auteur ; Mark DEANTONIO, Auteur ; Julian A. MARTINEZ-AGOSTO, Auteur . - p.1450-1464. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1450-1464 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diagnostic genetic testing is recommended for children with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders. One approach to improve access to genetic testing is to offer it on the inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) service. We provided medical genetics education to CAP fellows and retrospectively compared the genetic testing rates and diagnostic yield pre- and post-education. We compared demographics to similar patients who received testing on other clinical services and assessed rates of outpatient genetics follow-up post-discharge. The genetic testing rate on the inpatient CAP service was 1.6% before the educational intervention and 10.7% afterward. Genetic risk factors were identified in 4.3% of inpatients. However, 34.8% had variants of unknown significance. 39.1% of patients who received genetic testing while inpatients were underrepresented minorities, compared to 7.7% of inpatients who received genetic testing from other clinical services. 43.5% of patients were lost to outpatient genetics follow-up. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to provide medical genetics education to CAP fellows on an inpatient service, which may improve genetic testing rates. This preliminary evidence also suggests that genetic testing for inpatients may identify variants of unknown significance instead of well-known neurodevelopmental disorder risk variants. Genetic testing on an inpatient CAP service may also improve access to genetic services for underrepresented minorities, but assuring outpatient follow-up can be challenging. Lay Summary Genetic testing is recommended for children with autism and related developmental conditions. We provided genetic testing to a group of these children who were in a psychiatric hospital by teaching their doctors how it can be helpful. We identified a genetic risk factor in a small percentage of children and a possible genetic risk factor in a large percentage of children. However, many children did not end up receiving their genetic test results once they left the hospital. These results tell us that the psychiatric hospital may be a good place for children with autism and behavioral problems to get genetic testing, but that it is really important that doctors assure follow-up is feasible for all patients to receive their genetic test results once they leave the hospital. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1450–1464. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2338 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

A Psychometrically Robust Screening Tool To Rapidly Identify Socially Impaired Monkeys In The General Population / Catherine F. TALBOT in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1465-1475 Titre : A Psychometrically Robust Screening Tool To Rapidly Identify Socially Impaired Monkeys In The General Population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine F. TALBOT, Auteur ; Joseph P. GARNER, Auteur ; Alyssa C. MANESS, Auteur ; Brenda MCCOWAN, Auteur ; John P. CAPITANIO, Auteur ; Karen J. PARKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1465-1475 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Naturally low-social rhesus macaques exhibit social impairments with direct relevance to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To more efficiently identify low-social individuals in a large colony, we exploited, refined, and psychometrically assessed the macaque Social Responsiveness Scale (mSRS), an instrument previously derived from the human ASD screening tool. We performed quantitative social behavior assessments and mSRS ratings on a total of N = 349 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) housed in large, outdoor corrals. In one cohort (N = 116), we conducted inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities, and in a second cohort (N = 233), we evaluated the convergent construct and predictive validity of the mSRS-Revised (mSRS-R). Only 17 of the original 36 items demonstrated inter-rater and test–retest reliability, resulting in the 17-item mSRS-R. The mSRS-R showed strong validity: mSRS-R scores robustly predicted monkeys' social behavior frequencies in home corrals. Monkeys that scored 1.5 standard deviations from the mean on nonsocial behavior likewise exhibited significantly more autistic-like traits, and mSRS-R scores predicted individuals' social classification (low-social vs. high-social) with 96% accuracy (likelihood ratio chi-square = 25.07; P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2335 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] A Psychometrically Robust Screening Tool To Rapidly Identify Socially Impaired Monkeys In The General Population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine F. TALBOT, Auteur ; Joseph P. GARNER, Auteur ; Alyssa C. MANESS, Auteur ; Brenda MCCOWAN, Auteur ; John P. CAPITANIO, Auteur ; Karen J. PARKER, Auteur . - p.1465-1475. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1465-1475 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Naturally low-social rhesus macaques exhibit social impairments with direct relevance to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To more efficiently identify low-social individuals in a large colony, we exploited, refined, and psychometrically assessed the macaque Social Responsiveness Scale (mSRS), an instrument previously derived from the human ASD screening tool. We performed quantitative social behavior assessments and mSRS ratings on a total of N = 349 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) housed in large, outdoor corrals. In one cohort (N = 116), we conducted inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities, and in a second cohort (N = 233), we evaluated the convergent construct and predictive validity of the mSRS-Revised (mSRS-R). Only 17 of the original 36 items demonstrated inter-rater and test–retest reliability, resulting in the 17-item mSRS-R. The mSRS-R showed strong validity: mSRS-R scores robustly predicted monkeys' social behavior frequencies in home corrals. Monkeys that scored 1.5 standard deviations from the mean on nonsocial behavior likewise exhibited significantly more autistic-like traits, and mSRS-R scores predicted individuals' social classification (low-social vs. high-social) with 96% accuracy (likelihood ratio chi-square = 25.07; P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2335 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Atypical Emotional Electrodermal Activity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Angelina VERNETTI in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1476-1488 Titre : Atypical Emotional Electrodermal Activity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Angelina VERNETTI, Auteur ; Frederick SHIC, Auteur ; Laura BOCCANFUSO, Auteur ; Suzanne MACARI, Auteur ; Finola KANE-GRADE, Auteur ; Anna MILGRAMM, Auteur ; Emily HILTON, Auteur ; Perrine HEYMANN, Auteur ; Matthew S GOODWIN, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1476-1488 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Past studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) indicate atypical peripheral physiological arousal. However, the conditions under which these atypicalities arise and their link with behavioral emotional expressions and core ASD symptoms remain uncertain. Given the importance of physiological arousal in affective, learning, and cognitive processes, the current study examined changes in skin conductance level (?SCL) in 41 toddlers with ASD (mean age: 22.7?months, SD: 2.9) and 32 age-matched toddlers with typical development (TD) (mean age: 21.6 months, SD: 3.6) in response to probes designed to induce anger, joy, and fear emotions. The magnitude of ?SCL was comparable during anger (P =?0.206, d =?0.30) and joy (P =?0.996, d =?0.01) conditions, but significantly lower during the fear condition (P =?0.001, d =?0.83) in toddlers with ASD compared to TD peers. In the combined samples, ?SCL positively correlated with intensity of behavioral emotional expressivity during the anger (r[71] = 0.36, P =?0.002) and fear (r[68] = 0.32, P =?0.007) conditions, but not in the joy (r[69] = ?0.15, P =?0.226) condition. Finally, ?SCL did not associate with autism symptom severity in any emotion-eliciting condition in the ASD group. Toddlers with ASD displayed attenuated ?SCL to situations aimed at eliciting fear, which may forecast the emergence of highly prevalent internalizing and externalizing problems in this population. The study putatively identifies ?SCL as a dimension not associated with severity of autism but with behavioral responses in negatively emotionally challenging events and provides support for the feasibility, validity, and incipient utility of examining ?SCL in response to emotional challenges in very young children. Lay Summary Physiological arousal was measured in toddlers with autism exposed to frustrating, pleasant, and threatening tasks. Compared to typically developing peers, toddlers with autism showed comparable arousal responses to frustrating and pleasant events, but lower responses to threatening events. Importantly, physiological arousal and behavioral expressions were aligned during frustrating and threatening events, inviting exploration of physiological arousal to measure responses to emotional challenges. Furthermore, this study advances the understanding of precursors to emotional and behavioral problems common in older children with autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1476–1488. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2374 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Atypical Emotional Electrodermal Activity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Angelina VERNETTI, Auteur ; Frederick SHIC, Auteur ; Laura BOCCANFUSO, Auteur ; Suzanne MACARI, Auteur ; Finola KANE-GRADE, Auteur ; Anna MILGRAMM, Auteur ; Emily HILTON, Auteur ; Perrine HEYMANN, Auteur ; Matthew S GOODWIN, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur . - p.1476-1488. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1476-1488 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Past studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) indicate atypical peripheral physiological arousal. However, the conditions under which these atypicalities arise and their link with behavioral emotional expressions and core ASD symptoms remain uncertain. Given the importance of physiological arousal in affective, learning, and cognitive processes, the current study examined changes in skin conductance level (?SCL) in 41 toddlers with ASD (mean age: 22.7?months, SD: 2.9) and 32 age-matched toddlers with typical development (TD) (mean age: 21.6 months, SD: 3.6) in response to probes designed to induce anger, joy, and fear emotions. The magnitude of ?SCL was comparable during anger (P =?0.206, d =?0.30) and joy (P =?0.996, d =?0.01) conditions, but significantly lower during the fear condition (P =?0.001, d =?0.83) in toddlers with ASD compared to TD peers. In the combined samples, ?SCL positively correlated with intensity of behavioral emotional expressivity during the anger (r[71] = 0.36, P =?0.002) and fear (r[68] = 0.32, P =?0.007) conditions, but not in the joy (r[69] = ?0.15, P =?0.226) condition. Finally, ?SCL did not associate with autism symptom severity in any emotion-eliciting condition in the ASD group. Toddlers with ASD displayed attenuated ?SCL to situations aimed at eliciting fear, which may forecast the emergence of highly prevalent internalizing and externalizing problems in this population. The study putatively identifies ?SCL as a dimension not associated with severity of autism but with behavioral responses in negatively emotionally challenging events and provides support for the feasibility, validity, and incipient utility of examining ?SCL in response to emotional challenges in very young children. Lay Summary Physiological arousal was measured in toddlers with autism exposed to frustrating, pleasant, and threatening tasks. Compared to typically developing peers, toddlers with autism showed comparable arousal responses to frustrating and pleasant events, but lower responses to threatening events. Importantly, physiological arousal and behavioral expressions were aligned during frustrating and threatening events, inviting exploration of physiological arousal to measure responses to emotional challenges. Furthermore, this study advances the understanding of precursors to emotional and behavioral problems common in older children with autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1476–1488. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2374 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Sex Differences in Salience Network Connectivity and its Relationship to Sensory Over-Responsivity in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Kaitlin K. CUMMINGS in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1489-1500 Titre : Sex Differences in Salience Network Connectivity and its Relationship to Sensory Over-Responsivity in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kaitlin K. CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Katherine E. LAWRENCE, Auteur ; Leanna M. HERNANDEZ, Auteur ; Emily T. WOOD, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur ; Shulamite A. GREEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1489-1500 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are significantly more likely to experience sensory over-responsivity (SOR) compared to neurotypical controls. SOR in autism has been shown to be related to atypical functional connectivity in the salience network (SN), a brain network thought to help direct attention to the most relevant stimuli in one's environment. However, all studies to date which have examined the neurobiological basis of sensory processing in ASD have used primarily male samples so little is known about sex differences in the neural processing of sensory information. This study examined the relationship between SOR and resting-state functional connectivity in the SN for 37 males and 16 females with autism, ages 8–17?years. While there were no sex differences in parent-rated SOR symptoms, there were significant sex differences in how SOR related to SN connectivity. Relative to females with ASD, males with ASD showed a stronger association between SOR and increased connectivity between the salience and primary sensory networks, suggesting increased allocation to sensory information. Conversely, for females with ASD, SOR was more strongly related to increased connectivity between the SN and prefrontal cortex. Results suggest that the underlying mechanisms of SOR in ASD are sex specific, providing insight into the differences seen in the diagnosis rate and symptom profiles of males and females with ASD. Lay Summary Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) is common in autism. Most research on the neural basis of SOR has focused on males, so little is known about SOR or its neurobiology in females with autism spectrum disorder. Here despite no sex differences in SOR symptoms, we found sex differences in how SOR related to intrinsic connectivity in a salience detection network. Results show sex differences in the neural mechanisms underlying SOR and inform sex differences seen in diagnosis rates and symptom profiles in autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1489–1500. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2351 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Sex Differences in Salience Network Connectivity and its Relationship to Sensory Over-Responsivity in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kaitlin K. CUMMINGS, Auteur ; Katherine E. LAWRENCE, Auteur ; Leanna M. HERNANDEZ, Auteur ; Emily T. WOOD, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur ; Shulamite A. GREEN, Auteur . - p.1489-1500. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1489-1500 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are significantly more likely to experience sensory over-responsivity (SOR) compared to neurotypical controls. SOR in autism has been shown to be related to atypical functional connectivity in the salience network (SN), a brain network thought to help direct attention to the most relevant stimuli in one's environment. However, all studies to date which have examined the neurobiological basis of sensory processing in ASD have used primarily male samples so little is known about sex differences in the neural processing of sensory information. This study examined the relationship between SOR and resting-state functional connectivity in the SN for 37 males and 16 females with autism, ages 8–17?years. While there were no sex differences in parent-rated SOR symptoms, there were significant sex differences in how SOR related to SN connectivity. Relative to females with ASD, males with ASD showed a stronger association between SOR and increased connectivity between the salience and primary sensory networks, suggesting increased allocation to sensory information. Conversely, for females with ASD, SOR was more strongly related to increased connectivity between the SN and prefrontal cortex. Results suggest that the underlying mechanisms of SOR in ASD are sex specific, providing insight into the differences seen in the diagnosis rate and symptom profiles of males and females with ASD. Lay Summary Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) is common in autism. Most research on the neural basis of SOR has focused on males, so little is known about SOR or its neurobiology in females with autism spectrum disorder. Here despite no sex differences in SOR symptoms, we found sex differences in how SOR related to intrinsic connectivity in a salience detection network. Results show sex differences in the neural mechanisms underlying SOR and inform sex differences seen in diagnosis rates and symptom profiles in autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1489–1500. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2351 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Neural Responses to a Putative Set-shifting Task in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Bryce DIRKS in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1501-1515 Titre : Neural Responses to a Putative Set-shifting Task in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bryce DIRKS, Auteur ; Celia ROMERO, Auteur ; Willa VOORHIES, Auteur ; Lauren KUPIS, Auteur ; Jason S. NOMI, Auteur ; Dina R. DAJANI, Auteur ; Paola ODRIOZOLA, Auteur ; Catherine A. BURROWS, Auteur ; Amy L. BEAUMONT, Auteur ; Sandra M. CARDONA, Auteur ; Meaghan V. PARLADE, Auteur ; Michael ALESSANDRI, Auteur ; Jennifer C. BRITTON, Auteur ; Lucina Q. UDDIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1501-1515 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While much progress has been made toward understanding the neurobiology of social and communication deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), less is known regarding the neurobiological basis of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) central to the ASD diagnosis. Symptom severity for RRBs in ASD is associated with cognitive inflexibility. Thus, understanding the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive inflexibility in ASD is critical for tailoring therapies to treat this understudied yet pervasive symptom. Here we used a set-shifting paradigm adopted from the developmental cognitive neuroscience literature involving flexible switching between stimulus categories to examine task performance and neural responses in children with ASD. Behaviorally, we found little evidence for group differences in performance on the set-shifting task. Compared with typically developing children, children with ASD exhibited greater activation of the parahippocampal gyrus during performance on trials requiring switching. These findings suggest that children with ASD may need to recruit memory-based neural systems to a greater degree when learning to flexibly associate stimuli with responses. Lay Summary Children with autism often struggle to behave in a flexible way when faced with unexpected challenges. We examined brain responses during a task thought to involve flexible thinking and found that compared with typically developing children, those with autism relied more on brain areas involved in learning and memory to complete the task. This study helps us to understand what types of cognitive tasks are best suited for exploring the neural basis of cognitive flexibility in children with autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1501–1515. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2347 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Neural Responses to a Putative Set-shifting Task in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bryce DIRKS, Auteur ; Celia ROMERO, Auteur ; Willa VOORHIES, Auteur ; Lauren KUPIS, Auteur ; Jason S. NOMI, Auteur ; Dina R. DAJANI, Auteur ; Paola ODRIOZOLA, Auteur ; Catherine A. BURROWS, Auteur ; Amy L. BEAUMONT, Auteur ; Sandra M. CARDONA, Auteur ; Meaghan V. PARLADE, Auteur ; Michael ALESSANDRI, Auteur ; Jennifer C. BRITTON, Auteur ; Lucina Q. UDDIN, Auteur . - p.1501-1515. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1501-1515 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While much progress has been made toward understanding the neurobiology of social and communication deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), less is known regarding the neurobiological basis of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) central to the ASD diagnosis. Symptom severity for RRBs in ASD is associated with cognitive inflexibility. Thus, understanding the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive inflexibility in ASD is critical for tailoring therapies to treat this understudied yet pervasive symptom. Here we used a set-shifting paradigm adopted from the developmental cognitive neuroscience literature involving flexible switching between stimulus categories to examine task performance and neural responses in children with ASD. Behaviorally, we found little evidence for group differences in performance on the set-shifting task. Compared with typically developing children, children with ASD exhibited greater activation of the parahippocampal gyrus during performance on trials requiring switching. These findings suggest that children with ASD may need to recruit memory-based neural systems to a greater degree when learning to flexibly associate stimuli with responses. Lay Summary Children with autism often struggle to behave in a flexible way when faced with unexpected challenges. We examined brain responses during a task thought to involve flexible thinking and found that compared with typically developing children, those with autism relied more on brain areas involved in learning and memory to complete the task. This study helps us to understand what types of cognitive tasks are best suited for exploring the neural basis of cognitive flexibility in children with autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1501–1515. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2347 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

The Impact of Child Autistic Symptoms on Parental Marital Relationship: Parenting and Coparenting Processes as Mediating Mechanisms / Kevin Ka Shing CHAN in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1516-1526 Titre : The Impact of Child Autistic Symptoms on Parental Marital Relationship: Parenting and Coparenting Processes as Mediating Mechanisms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kevin Ka Shing CHAN, Auteur ; Donald Chi Kin LEUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1516-1526 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Research shows that parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love. Less is known, however, about the potential mechanism underlying these associations. The present study tested a family process model linking child autism to parental marriage. We hypothesized that child autistic symptoms would be associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD, and that these associations would be mediated by parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. A total of 382 parents of children with ASD from Hong Kong, China completed questionnaire measures of child autistic symptoms, parenting stress, coparenting conflicts, marital conflicts, and marital love. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Bootstrap analyses were conducted to analyze the relations among the variables. SEM showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that child autistic symptoms had significant indirect effects on marital conflicts and marital love via parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. Theoretically, this study revealed the potential pathways through which child autism symptomatology may adversely impact the family processes and compromise the marital relationships of parents of children with ASD. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. Lay Summary This study showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings pointed to the importance of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1516–1526. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2297 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] The Impact of Child Autistic Symptoms on Parental Marital Relationship: Parenting and Coparenting Processes as Mediating Mechanisms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kevin Ka Shing CHAN, Auteur ; Donald Chi Kin LEUNG, Auteur . - p.1516-1526. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1516-1526 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Research shows that parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love. Less is known, however, about the potential mechanism underlying these associations. The present study tested a family process model linking child autism to parental marriage. We hypothesized that child autistic symptoms would be associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD, and that these associations would be mediated by parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. A total of 382 parents of children with ASD from Hong Kong, China completed questionnaire measures of child autistic symptoms, parenting stress, coparenting conflicts, marital conflicts, and marital love. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Bootstrap analyses were conducted to analyze the relations among the variables. SEM showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that child autistic symptoms had significant indirect effects on marital conflicts and marital love via parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. Theoretically, this study revealed the potential pathways through which child autism symptomatology may adversely impact the family processes and compromise the marital relationships of parents of children with ASD. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. Lay Summary This study showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings pointed to the importance of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1516–1526. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2297 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

An Initial Examination of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging Child Behaviors as Criterion A Traumatic Stressors / Alexandra SCHNABEL in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1527-1536 Titre : An Initial Examination of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging Child Behaviors as Criterion A Traumatic Stressors Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alexandra SCHNABEL, Auteur ; David J. HALLFORD, Auteur ; Michelle STEWART, Auteur ; Jane A. MCGILLIVRAY, Auteur ; David FORBES, Auteur ; David W. AUSTIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1527-1536 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with high levels of stress. Several studies have conceptualized this as a traumatic stress response to challenging child behaviors such as self-harm, suicidal ideation, and physical aggression toward caregivers. In the present study, we explored the relevance of a trauma-based diagnostic framework to a sample of 30 mothers (M age = 42.97, SD = 5.82) of children with ASD (M age = 12.43, SD = 3.15). Participants were interviewed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and an abbreviated Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess for comorbidity. Three participants were excluded as they met criteria for PTSD from a traumatic event unrelated to their parenting experience. Of the remaining 27 participants, 6 (22.2%) met criteria for PTSD in the context of traumatic parenting experiences. Descriptions of traumatic events experienced are summarized. Results suggest that, for some parents, challenging child behaviors such as physical violence toward the caregiver from the child, self-injurious behaviors, and suicidal behaviors function as traumatic stressors as per Criterion A of PTSD (American Psychiatric Association [2013]. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders [DSM-5]. Arlington, VA). This has implications for health professionals engaged with parents of children with ASD, who should consider the possibility of PTSD when challenging behaviors of a potentially traumatic nature are present. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study found that some challenging behaviors exhibited by children with autism spectrum disorder can be traumatic for parents and lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Some of these behaviors included self-harming behaviors like head banging, expressing suicidal urges, and becoming physically aggressive toward parents during meltdowns. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1527–1536. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2301 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] An Initial Examination of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging Child Behaviors as Criterion A Traumatic Stressors [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alexandra SCHNABEL, Auteur ; David J. HALLFORD, Auteur ; Michelle STEWART, Auteur ; Jane A. MCGILLIVRAY, Auteur ; David FORBES, Auteur ; David W. AUSTIN, Auteur . - p.1527-1536. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1527-1536 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with high levels of stress. Several studies have conceptualized this as a traumatic stress response to challenging child behaviors such as self-harm, suicidal ideation, and physical aggression toward caregivers. In the present study, we explored the relevance of a trauma-based diagnostic framework to a sample of 30 mothers (M age = 42.97, SD = 5.82) of children with ASD (M age = 12.43, SD = 3.15). Participants were interviewed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and an abbreviated Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess for comorbidity. Three participants were excluded as they met criteria for PTSD from a traumatic event unrelated to their parenting experience. Of the remaining 27 participants, 6 (22.2%) met criteria for PTSD in the context of traumatic parenting experiences. Descriptions of traumatic events experienced are summarized. Results suggest that, for some parents, challenging child behaviors such as physical violence toward the caregiver from the child, self-injurious behaviors, and suicidal behaviors function as traumatic stressors as per Criterion A of PTSD (American Psychiatric Association [2013]. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders [DSM-5]. Arlington, VA). This has implications for health professionals engaged with parents of children with ASD, who should consider the possibility of PTSD when challenging behaviors of a potentially traumatic nature are present. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study found that some challenging behaviors exhibited by children with autism spectrum disorder can be traumatic for parents and lead to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Some of these behaviors included self-harming behaviors like head banging, expressing suicidal urges, and becoming physically aggressive toward parents during meltdowns. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1527–1536. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2301 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Differences in Developmental Functioning Profiles Between Male and Female Preschoolers Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder / Francesco CRAIG in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1537-1547 Titre : Differences in Developmental Functioning Profiles Between Male and Female Preschoolers Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesco CRAIG, Auteur ; Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur ; Andrea DE GIACOMO, Auteur ; Marta RUGGIERO, Auteur ; Veronica RIZZATO, Auteur ; Alessandro LORENZO, Auteur ; Isabella FANIZZA, Auteur ; Lucia MARGARI, Auteur ; Antonio TRABACCA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1537-1547 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study investigated differences in clinical symptoms and developmental functioning profiles as well as sex-specific correlations of clinical characteristics and communication abilities, motor skills, and maladaptive behaviors in male and female preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Fifty-two females (mean age 4.5?±?2.16?years old) and 62 males (mean age 4.2?±?1.17?years old) with ASD were enrolled and assessed by measures including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Psychoeducational Profile-Third Edition (PEP-3). We found intellectual disability in 91.2% of the children. While preschoolers with ASD showed comparable severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors (P = 0.17), females with ASD were less severely affected than age and intelligence quotient-matched males with ASD in the ADOS-2 social affect domain (P value = 0.001) and calibrated severity scores (P = 0.002). Interestingly, sex-specific linear regressions revealed that fine motor skills were predictive of impaired social affect in males but not in females. Specifically, motor skills might be the core feature for sex differences in ASD. Although preliminary, this finding suggests the need for more sex-specific diagnostic and intervention strategies in order to improve early identification efforts and specific intervention targets. Lay Summary Little is known about differences in developmental and functional profiles in males and females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found important similarities and differences in the core ASD symptoms between male and female preschoolers. In addition, fine motor skills seem to predict social affect impairment and ASD symptom severity in males with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1537–1547. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2305 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Differences in Developmental Functioning Profiles Between Male and Female Preschoolers Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesco CRAIG, Auteur ; Alessandro CRIPPA, Auteur ; Andrea DE GIACOMO, Auteur ; Marta RUGGIERO, Auteur ; Veronica RIZZATO, Auteur ; Alessandro LORENZO, Auteur ; Isabella FANIZZA, Auteur ; Lucia MARGARI, Auteur ; Antonio TRABACCA, Auteur . - p.1537-1547. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1537-1547 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study investigated differences in clinical symptoms and developmental functioning profiles as well as sex-specific correlations of clinical characteristics and communication abilities, motor skills, and maladaptive behaviors in male and female preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Fifty-two females (mean age 4.5?±?2.16?years old) and 62 males (mean age 4.2?±?1.17?years old) with ASD were enrolled and assessed by measures including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Psychoeducational Profile-Third Edition (PEP-3). We found intellectual disability in 91.2% of the children. While preschoolers with ASD showed comparable severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors (P = 0.17), females with ASD were less severely affected than age and intelligence quotient-matched males with ASD in the ADOS-2 social affect domain (P value = 0.001) and calibrated severity scores (P = 0.002). Interestingly, sex-specific linear regressions revealed that fine motor skills were predictive of impaired social affect in males but not in females. Specifically, motor skills might be the core feature for sex differences in ASD. Although preliminary, this finding suggests the need for more sex-specific diagnostic and intervention strategies in order to improve early identification efforts and specific intervention targets. Lay Summary Little is known about differences in developmental and functional profiles in males and females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found important similarities and differences in the core ASD symptoms between male and female preschoolers. In addition, fine motor skills seem to predict social affect impairment and ASD symptom severity in males with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1537–1547. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2305 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Defining Positive Outcomes in More and Less Cognitively Able Autistic Adults / James B. MCCAULEY in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1548-1560 Titre : Defining Positive Outcomes in More and Less Cognitively Able Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : James B. MCCAULEY, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Marisela HUERTA, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1548-1560 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Identifying positive outcomes for a wide range of intellectual abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a challenge. Several past studies of autistic adults have used outcome definitions that do not reflect the experiences of less cognitively able adults. The aim of the current study was to (1) define three domains of outcomes: autonomy, social relationships, and purpose, and (2) examine how these outcomes relate to concurrent aspects of adult functioning. Using data from a longitudinal sample of 126 adults (85% diagnosed with ASD at some point), mean age 26, who first entered the study in early childhood, we generated distinct outcomes for less (daily living skills above an 8-year-old level, having regular activities outside the home, and social contacts outside the family) and more cognitively able adults (living independently, having paid employment, and at least one true friend). Verbal IQ, assessed in adulthood, was a significant predictor of more outcomes achieved for individuals within more and less cognitively able groups. For less cognitively able adults, having ever received a formal ASD diagnosis (in contrast to current Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule [ADOS] CSS scores) was associated with lower odds of positive outcomes. For more cognitively able adults, living skills and happiness measures were positively associated with number of outcomes met; higher ADOS CSS, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, being racially diverse, and having caregiver education below college graduation were all negatively associated with the number of positive outcomes. Tailoring outcomes to ability levels may lead to better identification of goals and service needs. Lay Summary This article describes the outcomes of autistic adults who are more and less cognitively able. For less cognitively able individuals, an earlier autism diagnosis was negatively related to outcomes. Several factors that were associated with positive outcomes for more cognitively able individuals, including daily living skills, fewer mental health problems, family demographics, and subjective measures of happiness. Our study identifies several important factors for families, individuals, and service providers to consider and discuss when planning the transition to adulthood. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1548–1560. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2359 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Defining Positive Outcomes in More and Less Cognitively Able Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / James B. MCCAULEY, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur ; Marisela HUERTA, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur . - p.1548-1560. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1548-1560 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Identifying positive outcomes for a wide range of intellectual abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a challenge. Several past studies of autistic adults have used outcome definitions that do not reflect the experiences of less cognitively able adults. The aim of the current study was to (1) define three domains of outcomes: autonomy, social relationships, and purpose, and (2) examine how these outcomes relate to concurrent aspects of adult functioning. Using data from a longitudinal sample of 126 adults (85% diagnosed with ASD at some point), mean age 26, who first entered the study in early childhood, we generated distinct outcomes for less (daily living skills above an 8-year-old level, having regular activities outside the home, and social contacts outside the family) and more cognitively able adults (living independently, having paid employment, and at least one true friend). Verbal IQ, assessed in adulthood, was a significant predictor of more outcomes achieved for individuals within more and less cognitively able groups. For less cognitively able adults, having ever received a formal ASD diagnosis (in contrast to current Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule [ADOS] CSS scores) was associated with lower odds of positive outcomes. For more cognitively able adults, living skills and happiness measures were positively associated with number of outcomes met; higher ADOS CSS, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, being racially diverse, and having caregiver education below college graduation were all negatively associated with the number of positive outcomes. Tailoring outcomes to ability levels may lead to better identification of goals and service needs. Lay Summary This article describes the outcomes of autistic adults who are more and less cognitively able. For less cognitively able individuals, an earlier autism diagnosis was negatively related to outcomes. Several factors that were associated with positive outcomes for more cognitively able individuals, including daily living skills, fewer mental health problems, family demographics, and subjective measures of happiness. Our study identifies several important factors for families, individuals, and service providers to consider and discuss when planning the transition to adulthood. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1548–1560. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2359 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Examining the Temporal Limits of Enhanced Visual Feature Detection in Children With Autism / Justin KOPEC in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1561-1572 Titre : Examining the Temporal Limits of Enhanced Visual Feature Detection in Children With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Justin KOPEC, Auteur ; Carl Erick HAGMANN, Auteur ; Nicole SHEA, Auteur ; Alyssa PRAWL, Auteur ; Daniel BATKIN, Auteur ; Natalie RUSSO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1561-1572 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The enhanced perceptual processing of visual features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is supported by an abundance of evidence in the spatial domain, with less robust evidence regarding whether this extends to information presented across time. The current study aimed to replicate and extend previous work finding that children with an ASD demonstrated enhanced perceptual accuracy in detecting feature-based (but not categorically defined) targets in time, when these were presented quickly, at a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 50?ms per item. Specifically, we extend the range of SOAs to examine the temporal boundaries of this enhanced accuracy and examine whether there is a relationship between ASD-related traits and detection accuracy on temporal visual search tasks. Individuals with autism perceived feature-based targets with statistically higher accuracy than their typically developing peers between SOAs of 39 and 65?ms and were numerically faster at all SOAs. No group differences were noted for category-based task accuracy. Our results also demonstrated that ASD-related traits measured by the autism spectrum quotient were positively correlated with accuracy on the feature-based task. Overall, results suggest that accurate visual perception of features (particularly color) is enhanced in children with ASD across time. Lay Summary Our results suggest that children with autism are able to process visual features, such as color, more accurately than typically developing children, even when these are presented very rapidly. Accuracy was higher in children with higher levels of autism-related traits and symptoms. Our findings suggest that more accurate visual perception exists not only across space in children with autism, as much of the existing literature demonstrates, but also over time. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1561–1572. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2361 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Examining the Temporal Limits of Enhanced Visual Feature Detection in Children With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Justin KOPEC, Auteur ; Carl Erick HAGMANN, Auteur ; Nicole SHEA, Auteur ; Alyssa PRAWL, Auteur ; Daniel BATKIN, Auteur ; Natalie RUSSO, Auteur . - p.1561-1572. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1561-1572 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The enhanced perceptual processing of visual features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is supported by an abundance of evidence in the spatial domain, with less robust evidence regarding whether this extends to information presented across time. The current study aimed to replicate and extend previous work finding that children with an ASD demonstrated enhanced perceptual accuracy in detecting feature-based (but not categorically defined) targets in time, when these were presented quickly, at a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 50?ms per item. Specifically, we extend the range of SOAs to examine the temporal boundaries of this enhanced accuracy and examine whether there is a relationship between ASD-related traits and detection accuracy on temporal visual search tasks. Individuals with autism perceived feature-based targets with statistically higher accuracy than their typically developing peers between SOAs of 39 and 65?ms and were numerically faster at all SOAs. No group differences were noted for category-based task accuracy. Our results also demonstrated that ASD-related traits measured by the autism spectrum quotient were positively correlated with accuracy on the feature-based task. Overall, results suggest that accurate visual perception of features (particularly color) is enhanced in children with ASD across time. Lay Summary Our results suggest that children with autism are able to process visual features, such as color, more accurately than typically developing children, even when these are presented very rapidly. Accuracy was higher in children with higher levels of autism-related traits and symptoms. Our findings suggest that more accurate visual perception exists not only across space in children with autism, as much of the existing literature demonstrates, but also over time. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1561–1572. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2361 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Family History of Eating Disorder and the Broad Autism Phenotype in Autism / Bianca A. BARRIONUEVO in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1573-1581 Titre : Family History of Eating Disorder and the Broad Autism Phenotype in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bianca A. BARRIONUEVO, Auteur ; Aneesa R. CHOWDHURY, Auteur ; Joycelyn M. LEE, Auteur ; Nicole D. DUEKER, Auteur ; Eden R. MARTIN, Auteur ; Margaret A. O. PERICAK-VANCE, Auteur ; Michael L. CUCCARO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1573-1581 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism features occur frequently among individuals with eating disorders (ED). This co-occurrence is not well understood but there is speculation that select traits (e.g., rigidity) are common to both autism and ED. To explore the co-occurrence of autistic traits and ED features, we used the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC; N =?2,623 families) to test whether first-degree relatives of individuals with autism with a history of ED features had more autism traits, as measured by the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAP-Q), compared to relatives with no history of ED. The frequency of individuals with ED features was 2.2% (N =?57) among mothers, <1% in siblings, and not present in fathers. We restricted our analyses to mothers. Compared to mothers with no history of ED, those with a history of ED had significantly higher scores on the BAP-Q Total Score and each of the three BAP-Q domains. More importantly, when the BAP-Q was used as a classification tool, we found that when compared to mothers with no history of ED, those with a history of ED were most likely to fall into the clinically significant range on the BAP-Q Rigid domain. Our results suggest that a history of ED features among mothers of individuals with autism is associated with the presence of autistic traits. This extends previous work showing a relationship between autism and ED and expands the range of neuropsychiatric traits that have relevance to the BAP among family members of individuals with autism. Lay Summary Using information from the Simons Simplex Collection we tested whether mothers of individuals with autism with a history of eating disorder had more autism traits (i.e., similar to those in autism but milder) compared to mothers with no history of eating disorder. The most striking difference between the groups was the presence of rigidity in mothers with a history of eating disorder. This extends previous work showing a relationship between autism and eating disorders and suggests the utility of studying eating disorders in future family studies of autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1573–1581. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2378 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Family History of Eating Disorder and the Broad Autism Phenotype in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bianca A. BARRIONUEVO, Auteur ; Aneesa R. CHOWDHURY, Auteur ; Joycelyn M. LEE, Auteur ; Nicole D. DUEKER, Auteur ; Eden R. MARTIN, Auteur ; Margaret A. O. PERICAK-VANCE, Auteur ; Michael L. CUCCARO, Auteur . - p.1573-1581. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1573-1581 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism features occur frequently among individuals with eating disorders (ED). This co-occurrence is not well understood but there is speculation that select traits (e.g., rigidity) are common to both autism and ED. To explore the co-occurrence of autistic traits and ED features, we used the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC; N =?2,623 families) to test whether first-degree relatives of individuals with autism with a history of ED features had more autism traits, as measured by the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAP-Q), compared to relatives with no history of ED. The frequency of individuals with ED features was 2.2% (N =?57) among mothers, <1% in siblings, and not present in fathers. We restricted our analyses to mothers. Compared to mothers with no history of ED, those with a history of ED had significantly higher scores on the BAP-Q Total Score and each of the three BAP-Q domains. More importantly, when the BAP-Q was used as a classification tool, we found that when compared to mothers with no history of ED, those with a history of ED were most likely to fall into the clinically significant range on the BAP-Q Rigid domain. Our results suggest that a history of ED features among mothers of individuals with autism is associated with the presence of autistic traits. This extends previous work showing a relationship between autism and ED and expands the range of neuropsychiatric traits that have relevance to the BAP among family members of individuals with autism. Lay Summary Using information from the Simons Simplex Collection we tested whether mothers of individuals with autism with a history of eating disorder had more autism traits (i.e., similar to those in autism but milder) compared to mothers with no history of eating disorder. The most striking difference between the groups was the presence of rigidity in mothers with a history of eating disorder. This extends previous work showing a relationship between autism and eating disorders and suggests the utility of studying eating disorders in future family studies of autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1573–1581. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2378 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Environment-Wide Association Study (EnWAS) of Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated With Autistic Traits: A Population-Based Study / Masoud AMIRI in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1582-1600 Titre : Environment-Wide Association Study (EnWAS) of Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated With Autistic Traits: A Population-Based Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Masoud AMIRI, Auteur ; Sander LAMBALLAIS, Auteur ; Eloy GEENJAAR, Auteur ; Laura M. E. BLANKEN, Auteur ; Hanan EL MARROUN, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1582-1600 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the origins of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While a number of studies have described specific environmental factors associating with emerging ASD, studies that compare and contrast multiple environmental factors in the same study are lacking. Thus, the goal of this study was to perform a prospective, data-driven environmental-wide association study of pre- and perinatal factors associated with the later development of autistic symptoms in childhood. The participants included 3891 6-year-old children from a birth cohort with pre- and perinatal data. Autistic symptoms were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale in all children. Prior to any analyses, the sample was randomly split into a discovery set (2920) and a test set (921). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for each of 920 variables, correcting for six of the most common covariates in epidemiological studies. We found 111 different pre- and perinatal factors associated with autistic traits during childhood. In secondary analyses where we controlled for parental psychopathology, 23 variables in the domains of family and interpersonal relationships were associated with the development of autistic symptoms during childhood. In conclusion, a data-driven approach was used to identify a number of pre- and perinatal risk factors associating with higher childhood autistic symptoms. These factors include measures of parental psychopathology and family and interpersonal relationships. These measures could potentially be used for the early identification of those at increased risk to develop ASD. Lay Summary A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Each environmental factor may affect the risk of ASD. In a study on 6-year-old children, a number of pre- and perinatal risk factors were identified that are associated with autistic symptoms in childhood. These factors include measures of parental psychopathology and family and interpersonal relationships. These variables could potentially serve as markers to identify those at increased risk to develop ASD or autistic symptoms. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1582–1600. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2372 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Environment-Wide Association Study (EnWAS) of Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated With Autistic Traits: A Population-Based Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Masoud AMIRI, Auteur ; Sander LAMBALLAIS, Auteur ; Eloy GEENJAAR, Auteur ; Laura M. E. BLANKEN, Auteur ; Hanan EL MARROUN, Auteur ; Henning TIEMEIER, Auteur ; Tonya WHITE, Auteur . - p.1582-1600. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1582-1600 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the origins of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While a number of studies have described specific environmental factors associating with emerging ASD, studies that compare and contrast multiple environmental factors in the same study are lacking. Thus, the goal of this study was to perform a prospective, data-driven environmental-wide association study of pre- and perinatal factors associated with the later development of autistic symptoms in childhood. The participants included 3891 6-year-old children from a birth cohort with pre- and perinatal data. Autistic symptoms were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale in all children. Prior to any analyses, the sample was randomly split into a discovery set (2920) and a test set (921). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for each of 920 variables, correcting for six of the most common covariates in epidemiological studies. We found 111 different pre- and perinatal factors associated with autistic traits during childhood. In secondary analyses where we controlled for parental psychopathology, 23 variables in the domains of family and interpersonal relationships were associated with the development of autistic symptoms during childhood. In conclusion, a data-driven approach was used to identify a number of pre- and perinatal risk factors associating with higher childhood autistic symptoms. These factors include measures of parental psychopathology and family and interpersonal relationships. These measures could potentially be used for the early identification of those at increased risk to develop ASD. Lay Summary A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Each environmental factor may affect the risk of ASD. In a study on 6-year-old children, a number of pre- and perinatal risk factors were identified that are associated with autistic symptoms in childhood. These factors include measures of parental psychopathology and family and interpersonal relationships. These variables could potentially serve as markers to identify those at increased risk to develop ASD or autistic symptoms. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1582–1600. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2372 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Newborn Bloodspots: Associations With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Correlation With Maternal Serum Levels / Anna BOSTWICK in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1601-1613 Titre : Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Newborn Bloodspots: Associations With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Correlation With Maternal Serum Levels Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anna BOSTWICK, Auteur ; Nathaniel W. SNYDER, Auteur ; Gayle C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; Casey WHITMAN, Auteur ; Michelle PEARL, Auteur ; Lucy ROBINSON, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1601-1613 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We conducted a population-based case–control study to examine newborn polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and assess PUFA correlation across two time points. ASD cases (n = 200) were identified through the Department of Developmental Services and matched to live-birth population controls (n = 200) on birth month, year (2010–2011), and sex. Nonesterified PUFAs were measured by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry from archived newborn dried blood spots and maternal mid-pregnancy serum samples. Crude and adjusted conditional logistic regression models were used to examine the association between neonatal PUFA levels, categorized in quartiles and according to distributional extremes, and ASD. Cubic splines were utilized to examine nonlinear relationships between continuous neonatal PUFAs and ASD. The correlation between neonatal and maternal levels was examined using Pearson correlation coefficients. In adjusted analyses of neonatal PUFA levels, no clear trends emerged, though there was an elevated odds ratio of ASD for the third quartile of linoleic acid, relative to the first (adjusted odds ratio = 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 4.70). Cubic spline analysis suggested a nonlinear association between linoleic acid and ASD, though this was not robust to sensitivity analyses. While individual PUFAs were significantly correlated with one another within a given time point, aside from docohexaseanoic acid, PUFAs were not correlated across maternal and neonatal samples. Overall, our findings do not support an association between neonatal PUFA levels and ASD. Future work should confirm and expand these findings by examining associations with phenotypic subgroups and considering PUFAs in other time points. Lay Summary In this study, we examined whether levels of fats known as polyunsaturated fatty acids, measured in newborns, were related to later child diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Overall, we did not find strong evidence for hypothesized reduction in risk of ASD based on newborn levels of these fats. Future studies in larger samples and considering other time points may be useful to explain whether these fats are important in brain development related to ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1601–1613. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2365 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Newborn Bloodspots: Associations With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Correlation With Maternal Serum Levels [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anna BOSTWICK, Auteur ; Nathaniel W. SNYDER, Auteur ; Gayle C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; Casey WHITMAN, Auteur ; Michelle PEARL, Auteur ; Lucy ROBINSON, Auteur ; Craig J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur . - p.1601-1613. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1601-1613 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We conducted a population-based case–control study to examine newborn polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and assess PUFA correlation across two time points. ASD cases (n = 200) were identified through the Department of Developmental Services and matched to live-birth population controls (n = 200) on birth month, year (2010–2011), and sex. Nonesterified PUFAs were measured by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry from archived newborn dried blood spots and maternal mid-pregnancy serum samples. Crude and adjusted conditional logistic regression models were used to examine the association between neonatal PUFA levels, categorized in quartiles and according to distributional extremes, and ASD. Cubic splines were utilized to examine nonlinear relationships between continuous neonatal PUFAs and ASD. The correlation between neonatal and maternal levels was examined using Pearson correlation coefficients. In adjusted analyses of neonatal PUFA levels, no clear trends emerged, though there was an elevated odds ratio of ASD for the third quartile of linoleic acid, relative to the first (adjusted odds ratio = 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 4.70). Cubic spline analysis suggested a nonlinear association between linoleic acid and ASD, though this was not robust to sensitivity analyses. While individual PUFAs were significantly correlated with one another within a given time point, aside from docohexaseanoic acid, PUFAs were not correlated across maternal and neonatal samples. Overall, our findings do not support an association between neonatal PUFA levels and ASD. Future work should confirm and expand these findings by examining associations with phenotypic subgroups and considering PUFAs in other time points. Lay Summary In this study, we examined whether levels of fats known as polyunsaturated fatty acids, measured in newborns, were related to later child diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Overall, we did not find strong evidence for hypothesized reduction in risk of ASD based on newborn levels of these fats. Future studies in larger samples and considering other time points may be useful to explain whether these fats are important in brain development related to ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1601–1613. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2365 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Rong ZOU in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1614-1625 Titre : Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rong ZOU, Auteur ; Fenfen XU, Auteur ; Yuezhu WANG, Auteur ; Mengmeng DUAN, Auteur ; Min GUO, Auteur ; Qiang ZHANG, Auteur ; Hongyang ZHAO, Auteur ; Huajun ZHENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1614-1625 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in the gut microbiota may influence gastrointestinal (GI) dysbiosis frequently reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota between 48 children with ASD and 48 healthy children in China. At the phylum level, the number of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia decreased in children with ASD, while the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes was significantly higher in autistic children due to enrichment of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the amount of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, and Megamonas increased, while Clostridium XlVa, Eisenbergiella, Clostridium IV, Flavonifractor, Escherichia/Shigella, Haemophilus, Akkermansia, and Dialister decreased in children with ASD relative to the controls. Significant increase was observed in the number of species synthesizing branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), like Bacteroides vulgatus and Prevotella copri, while the numbers of Bacteroides fragilis and Akkermansia muciniphila decreased in children with ASD compared to the controls. Most importantly, the highest levels of pathogenic bacteria were different for each child with ASD in this cohort. We found that only one functional module, cellular antigens, was enriched in children with ASD, and other pathways like lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism were significantly decreased in children with ASD. These findings provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in Chinese ASD children and may contribute to the treatment of patients with ASD. Lay Summary This study characterized the gut bacteria composition of 48 children with ASD and 48 neurotypical children in China. The metabolic disruptions caused by altered gut microbiota may contribute significantly to the neurological pathophysiology of ASD, including significant increases in the number of species synthesizing BCAAs, and decreases in the number of probiotic species. These findings suggest that a gut microbiome-associated therapeutic intervention may provide a novel strategy for treating GI symptoms frequently seen in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1614–1625. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2358 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rong ZOU, Auteur ; Fenfen XU, Auteur ; Yuezhu WANG, Auteur ; Mengmeng DUAN, Auteur ; Min GUO, Auteur ; Qiang ZHANG, Auteur ; Hongyang ZHAO, Auteur ; Huajun ZHENG, Auteur . - p.1614-1625. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1614-1625 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in the gut microbiota may influence gastrointestinal (GI) dysbiosis frequently reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota between 48 children with ASD and 48 healthy children in China. At the phylum level, the number of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia decreased in children with ASD, while the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes was significantly higher in autistic children due to enrichment of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the amount of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, and Megamonas increased, while Clostridium XlVa, Eisenbergiella, Clostridium IV, Flavonifractor, Escherichia/Shigella, Haemophilus, Akkermansia, and Dialister decreased in children with ASD relative to the controls. Significant increase was observed in the number of species synthesizing branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), like Bacteroides vulgatus and Prevotella copri, while the numbers of Bacteroides fragilis and Akkermansia muciniphila decreased in children with ASD compared to the controls. Most importantly, the highest levels of pathogenic bacteria were different for each child with ASD in this cohort. We found that only one functional module, cellular antigens, was enriched in children with ASD, and other pathways like lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism were significantly decreased in children with ASD. These findings provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in Chinese ASD children and may contribute to the treatment of patients with ASD. Lay Summary This study characterized the gut bacteria composition of 48 children with ASD and 48 neurotypical children in China. The metabolic disruptions caused by altered gut microbiota may contribute significantly to the neurological pathophysiology of ASD, including significant increases in the number of species synthesizing BCAAs, and decreases in the number of probiotic species. These findings suggest that a gut microbiome-associated therapeutic intervention may provide a novel strategy for treating GI symptoms frequently seen in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1614–1625. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2358 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

INSAR President's Message in Autism Research, 13-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1626-1627 Titre : INSAR President's Message Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1626-1627 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2389 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] INSAR President's Message [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1626-1627. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-9 (September 2020) . - p.1626-1627 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2389 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431