Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: Mismatch negativity deficits / Chantal VLASKAMP in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1857-1865 Titre : Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: Mismatch negativity deficits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chantal VLASKAMP, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur ; Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Sarah DURSTON, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Birte GLENTHØJ, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1857-1865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : auditory processing  ASD  MMN  P3a  schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show changes in (automatic) auditory processing. Electrophysiology provides a method to study auditory processing, by investigating event-related potentials such as mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a-amplitude. However, findings on MMN in autism are highly inconsistent, partly due to small sample sizes in the studies and differences in MMN paradigms. Therefore, in the current study, MMN and P3a amplitude were assessed in a relatively large sample of children with ASD, using a more extensive MMN paradigm and compared with that of typically developing children (TDC). Thirty-five children (aged 8–12 years) with ASD and 38 age and gender matched TDC were assessed with a MMN paradigm with three types of deviants, i.e., frequency, duration and a combination of these two. MMN elicited by duration and frequency-duration deviants was significantly reduced in the ASD group. P3a-amplitude elicited by duration deviants was significantly increased in the ASD group. Reduced MMN in children with ASD suggests that children with ASD may be less responsive to environmentally deviant stimuli at an early (sensory) level. P3a-amplitude was increased in ASD, implying a hyper-responsivity at the attentional level. In addition, as similar MMN deficits are found in schizophrenia, these MMN results may explain some of the frequently reported increased risk of children with ASD to develop schizophrenia later in life. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1857–1865. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Automatic detection of deviant sounds in the environment, such as upcoming traffic, is often affected in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a way to quantify automatic deviancy detection, using electroencephalography. In this study, auditory MMN was assessed in 35 children with ASD and 38 matched control children, revealing significantly reduced MMN in the ASD group. This may indicate that children with ASD are less able to automatically detect environmentally deviant stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1821 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: Mismatch negativity deficits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chantal VLASKAMP, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur ; Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Sarah DURSTON, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Birte GLENTHØJ, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur . - p.1857-1865. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1857-1865 Mots-clés : auditory processing  ASD  MMN  P3a  schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show changes in (automatic) auditory processing. Electrophysiology provides a method to study auditory processing, by investigating event-related potentials such as mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a-amplitude. However, findings on MMN in autism are highly inconsistent, partly due to small sample sizes in the studies and differences in MMN paradigms. Therefore, in the current study, MMN and P3a amplitude were assessed in a relatively large sample of children with ASD, using a more extensive MMN paradigm and compared with that of typically developing children (TDC). Thirty-five children (aged 8–12 years) with ASD and 38 age and gender matched TDC were assessed with a MMN paradigm with three types of deviants, i.e., frequency, duration and a combination of these two. MMN elicited by duration and frequency-duration deviants was significantly reduced in the ASD group. P3a-amplitude elicited by duration deviants was significantly increased in the ASD group. Reduced MMN in children with ASD suggests that children with ASD may be less responsive to environmentally deviant stimuli at an early (sensory) level. P3a-amplitude was increased in ASD, implying a hyper-responsivity at the attentional level. In addition, as similar MMN deficits are found in schizophrenia, these MMN results may explain some of the frequently reported increased risk of children with ASD to develop schizophrenia later in life. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1857–1865. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Automatic detection of deviant sounds in the environment, such as upcoming traffic, is often affected in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a way to quantify automatic deviancy detection, using electroencephalography. In this study, auditory MMN was assessed in 35 children with ASD and 38 matched control children, revealing significantly reduced MMN in the ASD group. This may indicate that children with ASD are less able to automatically detect environmentally deviant stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1821 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Do cognitive deficits persist into adolescence in autism? / Cathriona CANTIO in Autism Research, 11-9 (September 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-9 (September 2018) . - p.1229-1238 Titre : Do cognitive deficits persist into adolescence in autism? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; S. WHITE, Auteur ; G. F. MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1229-1238 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  adolescent development  cognition  executive function  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : SEVERAL THEORIES HAVE ATTEMPTED TO CHARACTERISE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASDS) AT THE COGNITIVE LEVEL, MOST NOTABLY: THEORY OF MIND (TOM), EXECUTIVE FUNCTION (EF), AND A LOCAL PROCESSING BIAS (LB). THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE HOW THESE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS DEVELOP OVER TIME: The three cognitive domains (ToM, EF, and LB) were examined in a group of high-functioning children (age: 8-12, mean 10.85; IQ: 78-139, mean 105.48) with ASD and a matched group of children with neurotypical development (NTD) (IQ: 75-145, mean: 109.47), and several tasks were used within each domain to ensure the validity of the cognitive measures. Approximately 3 years later (mean age: 14.34), all children and their families were invited to participate in the follow-up (ASD, N = 21; NTD, N = 30). While the understanding of other's minds does improve from childhood to adolescence, ToM impairment persists in adolescents with ASD relative to their peers. Likewise, a development in EF was observed in the ASD group, while no significant improvement was seen in the NTD group, leading the ASD group to catch up in this domain. We did not detect any group differences at any time point regarding local bias processing (LB). Individual patterns of development were seen, but remarkably, ToM deficits were present in every child with ASD in whom we could detect any cognitive impairment at baseline, and a similar pattern was found at follow-up. These findings indicate that ToM is a persistent cognitive deficit in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1229-1238. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This was the first study to investigate the development of three well-known cognitive functions into adolescence: While the understanding of other's minds improves from childhood to adolescence, adolescents with ASD are still impaired relative to their peers. The EFs, however, seem to improve to a neurotypical level in ASD as children enter adolescence, while local processing bias seems to differentiate the groups only in early childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1976 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] Do cognitive deficits persist into adolescence in autism? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; S. WHITE, Auteur ; G. F. MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur . - p.1229-1238. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-9 (September 2018) . - p.1229-1238 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  adolescent development  cognition  executive function  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : SEVERAL THEORIES HAVE ATTEMPTED TO CHARACTERISE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASDS) AT THE COGNITIVE LEVEL, MOST NOTABLY: THEORY OF MIND (TOM), EXECUTIVE FUNCTION (EF), AND A LOCAL PROCESSING BIAS (LB). THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE HOW THESE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS DEVELOP OVER TIME: The three cognitive domains (ToM, EF, and LB) were examined in a group of high-functioning children (age: 8-12, mean 10.85; IQ: 78-139, mean 105.48) with ASD and a matched group of children with neurotypical development (NTD) (IQ: 75-145, mean: 109.47), and several tasks were used within each domain to ensure the validity of the cognitive measures. Approximately 3 years later (mean age: 14.34), all children and their families were invited to participate in the follow-up (ASD, N = 21; NTD, N = 30). While the understanding of other's minds does improve from childhood to adolescence, ToM impairment persists in adolescents with ASD relative to their peers. Likewise, a development in EF was observed in the ASD group, while no significant improvement was seen in the NTD group, leading the ASD group to catch up in this domain. We did not detect any group differences at any time point regarding local bias processing (LB). Individual patterns of development were seen, but remarkably, ToM deficits were present in every child with ASD in whom we could detect any cognitive impairment at baseline, and a similar pattern was found at follow-up. These findings indicate that ToM is a persistent cognitive deficit in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1229-1238. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This was the first study to investigate the development of three well-known cognitive functions into adolescence: While the understanding of other's minds improves from childhood to adolescence, adolescents with ASD are still impaired relative to their peers. The EFs, however, seem to improve to a neurotypical level in ASD as children enter adolescence, while local processing bias seems to differentiate the groups only in early childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1976 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level / Cathriona CANTIO in Autism Research, 9-12 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1328-1339 Titre : Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Gitte FALCHER MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1328-1339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  cognition  theory of mind  executive function  local bias  fractionation  symptomatology  Behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum is characterized by genetic and behavioral heterogeneity. However, it is still unknown whether there is a universal pattern of cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and whether multiple cognitive impairments are needed to explain the full range of behavioral symptoms. This study aimed to determine whether three widely acknowledged cognitive abnormalities (Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment, Executive Function (EF) impairment, and the presence of a Local Processing Bias (LB)) are universal and fractionable in autism, and whether the relationship between cognition and behavior is dependent on the method of behavioral assessment. Thirty-one high-functioning children with ASD and thirty-seven children with neurotypical development (NTD), comparable in age, gender and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), completed several tasks tapping into ToM, EF, and LB, and autistic symptomatology was assessed through parental and teacher questionnaires, parental interview and direct observation. We found that ToM and EF deficits differentiated the groups and some ToM and EF tasks were related to each other. ToM and EF were together able to correctly classify more than three-quarters of the children into cases and controls, despite relating to none of the specific behavioral measures. Only a small subgroup of individuals displayed a LB, which was unrelated to ToM and EF, and did not aid diagnostic classification, most likely contributing to non-diagnostic symptoms in a subgroup. Despite the characteristic heterogeneity of the autism spectrum, it remains a possibility therefore that a single cognitive cause may underlie the range of diagnostic symptoms in all individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298 [article] Exploring ‘The autisms’ at a cognitive level [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Gitte FALCHER MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur . - p.1328-1339. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-12 (December 2016) . - p.1328-1339 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  cognition  theory of mind  executive function  local bias  fractionation  symptomatology  Behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism spectrum is characterized by genetic and behavioral heterogeneity. However, it is still unknown whether there is a universal pattern of cognitive impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and whether multiple cognitive impairments are needed to explain the full range of behavioral symptoms. This study aimed to determine whether three widely acknowledged cognitive abnormalities (Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment, Executive Function (EF) impairment, and the presence of a Local Processing Bias (LB)) are universal and fractionable in autism, and whether the relationship between cognition and behavior is dependent on the method of behavioral assessment. Thirty-one high-functioning children with ASD and thirty-seven children with neurotypical development (NTD), comparable in age, gender and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), completed several tasks tapping into ToM, EF, and LB, and autistic symptomatology was assessed through parental and teacher questionnaires, parental interview and direct observation. We found that ToM and EF deficits differentiated the groups and some ToM and EF tasks were related to each other. ToM and EF were together able to correctly classify more than three-quarters of the children into cases and controls, despite relating to none of the specific behavioral measures. Only a small subgroup of individuals displayed a LB, which was unrelated to ToM and EF, and did not aid diagnostic classification, most likely contributing to non-diagnostic symptoms in a subgroup. Despite the characteristic heterogeneity of the autism spectrum, it remains a possibility therefore that a single cognitive cause may underlie the range of diagnostic symptoms in all individuals with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=298

Increased Prepulse Inhibition and Sensitization of the Startle Reflex in Autistic Children / Gitte Falcher MADSEN in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.94-103 Titre : Increased Prepulse Inhibition and Sensitization of the Startle Reflex in Autistic Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.94-103 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  PPI  sensorimotor gating  sensitization  children  auditory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relation between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia is a subject of intense debate and research due to evidence of common neurobiological pathways in the two disorders. The objective of this study was to explore whether deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, as usually seen in schizophrenic patients, can be replicated in a group of children with ASD in comparison with a group of matched neuro-typically developed (NTD) controls. An additional aim was to explore possible psychophysiological subgroups within our ASD sample. In a case-control design, 35 ASD patients and 40 matched NTD controls were tested in a psychophysiological test battery. The PPI of the acoustic startle reflex was analyzed in 18 ASD subjects and 34 NTD controls. Habituation and sensitization were analyzed in 23 ASD subjects and 39 NTD controls. In trials with less intense prestimuli (76?dB), patients with ASD did not display the drop in percentage PPI normally found in healthy controls. In addition, ASD patients showed significantly increased sensitization compared with NTD controls. Combined, our results may reflect the hypersensitivity to sensory information in children with ASD. The relation to PPI deficits observed in schizophrenia is not apparent. Future research should study the developmental course of PPI deficits in ASD patients in a longitudinal design. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227 [article] Increased Prepulse Inhibition and Sensitization of the Startle Reflex in Autistic Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur . - p.94-103. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-1 (February 2014) . - p.94-103 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  PPI  sensorimotor gating  sensitization  children  auditory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The relation between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia is a subject of intense debate and research due to evidence of common neurobiological pathways in the two disorders. The objective of this study was to explore whether deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, as usually seen in schizophrenic patients, can be replicated in a group of children with ASD in comparison with a group of matched neuro-typically developed (NTD) controls. An additional aim was to explore possible psychophysiological subgroups within our ASD sample. In a case-control design, 35 ASD patients and 40 matched NTD controls were tested in a psychophysiological test battery. The PPI of the acoustic startle reflex was analyzed in 18 ASD subjects and 34 NTD controls. Habituation and sensitization were analyzed in 23 ASD subjects and 39 NTD controls. In trials with less intense prestimuli (76?dB), patients with ASD did not display the drop in percentage PPI normally found in healthy controls. In addition, ASD patients showed significantly increased sensitization compared with NTD controls. Combined, our results may reflect the hypersensitivity to sensory information in children with ASD. The relation to PPI deficits observed in schizophrenia is not apparent. Future research should study the developmental course of PPI deficits in ASD patients in a longitudinal design. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1337 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=227

Normal P50 Gating in Children with Autism, Yet Attenuated P50 Amplitude in the Asperger Subcategory / Gitte Falcher MADSEN in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.371-378 Titre : Normal P50 Gating in Children with Autism, Yet Attenuated P50 Amplitude in the Asperger Subcategory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Birte GLENTHØJ, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.371-378 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  P50  sensory gating  children  auditory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are separate disorders, but there is evidence of conversion or comorbid overlap. The objective of this paper was to explore whether deficits in sensory gating, as seen in some schizophrenia patients, can also be found in a group of ASD children compared to neurotypically developed children. An additional aim was to investigate the possibility of subdividing our ASD sample based on these gating deficits. In a case–control design, we assessed gating of the P50 and N100 amplitude in 31 ASD children and 39 healthy matched controls (8–12 years) and screened for differences between groups and within the ASD group. We did not find disturbances in auditory P50 and N100 filtering in the group of ASD children as a whole, nor did we find abnormal P50 and N100 amplitudes. However, the P50 amplitude to the conditioning stimulus was significantly reduced in the Asperger subgroup compared to healthy controls. In contrast to what is usually reported for patients with schizophrenia, we found no evidence for sensory gating deficits in our group of ASD children taken as a whole. However, reduced P50 amplitude to conditioning stimuli was found in the Asperger group, which is similar to what has been described in some studies in schizophrenia patients. There was a positive correlation between the P50 amplitude of the conditioning stimuli and anxiety score in the pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified group, which indicates a relation between anxiety and sensory registration in this group. Autism Res 2015, 8: 371–378. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1452 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Normal P50 Gating in Children with Autism, Yet Attenuated P50 Amplitude in the Asperger Subcategory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Birte GLENTHØJ, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur . - p.371-378. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.371-378 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  P50  sensory gating  children  auditory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are separate disorders, but there is evidence of conversion or comorbid overlap. The objective of this paper was to explore whether deficits in sensory gating, as seen in some schizophrenia patients, can also be found in a group of ASD children compared to neurotypically developed children. An additional aim was to investigate the possibility of subdividing our ASD sample based on these gating deficits. In a case–control design, we assessed gating of the P50 and N100 amplitude in 31 ASD children and 39 healthy matched controls (8–12 years) and screened for differences between groups and within the ASD group. We did not find disturbances in auditory P50 and N100 filtering in the group of ASD children as a whole, nor did we find abnormal P50 and N100 amplitudes. However, the P50 amplitude to the conditioning stimulus was significantly reduced in the Asperger subgroup compared to healthy controls. In contrast to what is usually reported for patients with schizophrenia, we found no evidence for sensory gating deficits in our group of ASD children taken as a whole. However, reduced P50 amplitude to conditioning stimuli was found in the Asperger group, which is similar to what has been described in some studies in schizophrenia patients. There was a positive correlation between the P50 amplitude of the conditioning stimuli and anxiety score in the pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified group, which indicates a relation between anxiety and sensory registration in this group. Autism Res 2015, 8: 371–378. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1452 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

Toward a cumulative science of vocal markers of autism: A cross-linguistic meta-analysis-based investigation of acoustic markers in American and Danish autistic children / Riccardo FUSAROLI in Autism Research, 15-4 (April 2022)  

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Vocal markers of autism: Assessing the generalizability of machine learning models / Astrid RYBNER in Autism Research, 15-6 (June 2022)  

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