Dépouillements

Issue Information in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1717-1721 Titre : Issue Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.1717-1721 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1704 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Issue Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.1717-1721. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1717-1721 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1704 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Associations of endocrine stress-related gene polymorphisms with risk of autism spectrum disorders: Evidence from an integrated meta-analysis / Ping-yuan YANG in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1722-1736 Titre : Associations of endocrine stress-related gene polymorphisms with risk of autism spectrum disorders: Evidence from an integrated meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ping-yuan YANG, Auteur ; Ya-jing MENGA, Auteur ; Tao LI, Auteur ; Yi HUANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1722-1736 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)  serotonin transporter  stress response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are related to serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) as two most monoaminergic polymorphic variations. However, multiple studies assessing rs4680 and 5-HTTLPR variants in ASD have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted an integrated meta-analysis to combine case-control and transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) studies to determine whether COMT and 5-HTT are associated with ASD. We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, EmBase and Web of Science) to identify studies assessing the rs4680 and 5-HTTLPR variants in ASD from Jan 1997 to Dec 2016. Then allelic data from case–control and TDT studies were analyzed by the Catmap package in the R software. A total of 5 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis of rs4680, including 3 case–control, 1 TDT and 1 TDT & case–control studies. Meanwhile, 22 studies of 5-HTTLPR were available, including 16 TDT, 4 case–control and 2 TDT & case–control studies. The current meta-analysis included 814 ASD cases, 741 controls and 311 families related to rs4680; 749 ASD cases, 1,118 controls and 1,861 families relevant to 5-HTTLPR were also evaluated. For rs4680, the pooled OR was 1.18 (95% CI?=?0.87–1.59, P?=?0.29, Pheterogeneity? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1822 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Associations of endocrine stress-related gene polymorphisms with risk of autism spectrum disorders: Evidence from an integrated meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ping-yuan YANG, Auteur ; Ya-jing MENGA, Auteur ; Tao LI, Auteur ; Yi HUANG, Auteur . - p.1722-1736. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1722-1736 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)  serotonin transporter  stress response Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are related to serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) as two most monoaminergic polymorphic variations. However, multiple studies assessing rs4680 and 5-HTTLPR variants in ASD have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted an integrated meta-analysis to combine case-control and transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) studies to determine whether COMT and 5-HTT are associated with ASD. We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, EmBase and Web of Science) to identify studies assessing the rs4680 and 5-HTTLPR variants in ASD from Jan 1997 to Dec 2016. Then allelic data from case–control and TDT studies were analyzed by the Catmap package in the R software. A total of 5 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis of rs4680, including 3 case–control, 1 TDT and 1 TDT & case–control studies. Meanwhile, 22 studies of 5-HTTLPR were available, including 16 TDT, 4 case–control and 2 TDT & case–control studies. The current meta-analysis included 814 ASD cases, 741 controls and 311 families related to rs4680; 749 ASD cases, 1,118 controls and 1,861 families relevant to 5-HTTLPR were also evaluated. For rs4680, the pooled OR was 1.18 (95% CI?=?0.87–1.59, P?=?0.29, Pheterogeneity? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1822 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Language and motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analytic review / Dunia GARRIDO in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1737-1750 Titre : Language and motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analytic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dunia GARRIDO, Auteur ; Dafina PETROVA, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur ; Rocio GARCIA-RETAMERO, Auteur ; Gloria CARBALLO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1737-1750 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  siblings  high risk  language  motor  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show significant linguistic and motor impairments compared to children with typical development (TD). Findings from studies of siblings of children with ASD show similarities to conclusions from studies of children with ASD. The current meta-analysis reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with ASD compared to siblings of children with TD. Thirty-four studies published between 1994 and 2016 met all inclusion criteria. We compared three different age groups (12 months or younger, 13 to 24 months, and 25 to 36 months). At 12 months, compared to siblings of children with TD, siblings of children with ASD had worse receptive language (d?=??.43, 95% CI [?.53, ?.33]) and expressive language skills (d?=??.40, 95% CI [?.57, ?.23]), and these effects were sustained at 24 and 36 months. Similar, albeit smaller differences in fine motor skills were detected at 12 months (d?=??.22, 95% CI [?.39, ?.04]), and these differences were larger at 36 months (d?=??.36, 95% CI [?.54, ?.17]). There were differences in gross motor skills at 12 months (d?=??.22, 95% CI [?.40, ?.04]), but only a few studies were available at later ages. Compared to siblings of children with TD, infants who have siblings with ASD have worse linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable as early as when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills, especially during the first year. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1737–1750. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to those in siblings of children with typical development. The results showed that as a group, those infants who have siblings with ASD have less advanced linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1829 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Language and motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analytic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dunia GARRIDO, Auteur ; Dafina PETROVA, Auteur ; Linda R. WATSON, Auteur ; Rocio GARCIA-RETAMERO, Auteur ; Gloria CARBALLO, Auteur . - p.1737-1750. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1737-1750 Mots-clés : autism  siblings  high risk  language  motor  meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show significant linguistic and motor impairments compared to children with typical development (TD). Findings from studies of siblings of children with ASD show similarities to conclusions from studies of children with ASD. The current meta-analysis reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with ASD compared to siblings of children with TD. Thirty-four studies published between 1994 and 2016 met all inclusion criteria. We compared three different age groups (12 months or younger, 13 to 24 months, and 25 to 36 months). At 12 months, compared to siblings of children with TD, siblings of children with ASD had worse receptive language (d?=??.43, 95% CI [?.53, ?.33]) and expressive language skills (d?=??.40, 95% CI [?.57, ?.23]), and these effects were sustained at 24 and 36 months. Similar, albeit smaller differences in fine motor skills were detected at 12 months (d?=??.22, 95% CI [?.39, ?.04]), and these differences were larger at 36 months (d?=??.36, 95% CI [?.54, ?.17]). There were differences in gross motor skills at 12 months (d?=??.22, 95% CI [?.40, ?.04]), but only a few studies were available at later ages. Compared to siblings of children with TD, infants who have siblings with ASD have worse linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable as early as when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills, especially during the first year. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1737–1750. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to those in siblings of children with typical development. The results showed that as a group, those infants who have siblings with ASD have less advanced linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1829 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Basal ganglia and autism – a translational perspective / Krishna SUBRAMANIAN in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1751-1775 Titre : Basal ganglia and autism – a translational perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Krishna SUBRAMANIAN, Auteur ; Cheryl BRANDENBURG, Auteur ; Fernanda ORSATI, Auteur ; Jean-Jacques SOGHOMONIAN, Auteur ; John P. HUSSMAN, Auteur ; Gene J. BLATT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1751-1775 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : basal ganglia  animal models  motor, autism  neuroanatomy  neuroimaging  neuropathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The basal ganglia are a collection of nuclei below the cortical surface that are involved in both motor and non-motor functions, including higher order cognition, social interactions, speech, and repetitive behaviors. Motor development milestones that are delayed in autism such as gross motor, fine motor and walking can aid in early diagnosis of autism. Neuropathology and neuroimaging findings in autism cases revealed volumetric changes and altered cell density in select basal ganglia nuclei. Interestingly, in autism, both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are impacted both in their motor and non-motor domains and recently, found to be connected via the pons through a short disynaptic pathway. In typically developing individuals, the basal ganglia plays an important role in: eye movement, movement coordination, sensory modulation and processing, eye-hand coordination, action chaining, and inhibition control. Genetic models have proved to be useful toward understanding cellular and molecular changes at the synaptic level in the basal ganglia that may in part contribute to these autism-related behaviors. In autism, basal ganglia functions in motor skill acquisition and development are altered, thus disrupting the normal flow of feedback to the cortex. Taken together, there is an abundance of emerging evidence that the basal ganglia likely plays critical roles in maintaining an inhibitory balance between cortical and subcortical structures, critical for normal motor actions and cognitive functions. In autism, this inhibitory balance is disturbed thus impacting key pathways that affect normal cortical network activity. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1751–1775. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Habit learning, action selection and performance are modulated by the basal ganglia, a collection of groups of neurons located below the cerebral cortex in the brain. In autism, there is emerging evidence that parts of the basal ganglia are structurally and functionally altered disrupting normal information flow. The basal ganglia through its interconnected circuits with the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum can potentially impact various motor and cognitive functions in the autism brain. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1837 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Basal ganglia and autism – a translational perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Krishna SUBRAMANIAN, Auteur ; Cheryl BRANDENBURG, Auteur ; Fernanda ORSATI, Auteur ; Jean-Jacques SOGHOMONIAN, Auteur ; John P. HUSSMAN, Auteur ; Gene J. BLATT, Auteur . - p.1751-1775. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1751-1775 Mots-clés : basal ganglia  animal models  motor, autism  neuroanatomy  neuroimaging  neuropathology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The basal ganglia are a collection of nuclei below the cortical surface that are involved in both motor and non-motor functions, including higher order cognition, social interactions, speech, and repetitive behaviors. Motor development milestones that are delayed in autism such as gross motor, fine motor and walking can aid in early diagnosis of autism. Neuropathology and neuroimaging findings in autism cases revealed volumetric changes and altered cell density in select basal ganglia nuclei. Interestingly, in autism, both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are impacted both in their motor and non-motor domains and recently, found to be connected via the pons through a short disynaptic pathway. In typically developing individuals, the basal ganglia plays an important role in: eye movement, movement coordination, sensory modulation and processing, eye-hand coordination, action chaining, and inhibition control. Genetic models have proved to be useful toward understanding cellular and molecular changes at the synaptic level in the basal ganglia that may in part contribute to these autism-related behaviors. In autism, basal ganglia functions in motor skill acquisition and development are altered, thus disrupting the normal flow of feedback to the cortex. Taken together, there is an abundance of emerging evidence that the basal ganglia likely plays critical roles in maintaining an inhibitory balance between cortical and subcortical structures, critical for normal motor actions and cognitive functions. In autism, this inhibitory balance is disturbed thus impacting key pathways that affect normal cortical network activity. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1751–1775. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Habit learning, action selection and performance are modulated by the basal ganglia, a collection of groups of neurons located below the cerebral cortex in the brain. In autism, there is emerging evidence that parts of the basal ganglia are structurally and functionally altered disrupting normal information flow. The basal ganglia through its interconnected circuits with the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum can potentially impact various motor and cognitive functions in the autism brain. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1837 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Shared atypical default mode and salience network functional connectivity between autism and schizophrenia / Heng CHEN in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1776-1786 Titre : Shared atypical default mode and salience network functional connectivity between autism and schizophrenia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Heng CHEN, Auteur ; Lucina Q. UDDIN, Auteur ; Xujun DUAN, Auteur ; Junjie ZHENG, Auteur ; Zhiliang LONG, Auteur ; Youxue ZHANG, Auteur ; Xiaonan GUO, Auteur ; Yan ZHANG, Auteur ; Jingping ZHAO, Auteur ; Huafu CHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1776-1786 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : schizophrenia  autism spectrum disorder  functional connectivity  multivariate pattern analysis  default mode network  salience network Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders sharing some similar genetic basis and clinical features. The extent to which they share common neural substrates remains unclear. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 35 drug-naïve adolescent participants with first-episode schizophrenia (15.6?±?1.8 years old) and 31 healthy controls (15.4?±?1.6 years old). Data from 22 participants with ASD (13.1?±?3.1 years old) and 21 healthy controls (12.9?±?2.9 years old) were downloaded from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Resting-state functional networks were constructed using predefined regions of interest. Multivariate pattern analysis combined with multi-task regression feature selection methods were conducted in two datasets separately. Classification between individuals with disorders and controls was achieved with high accuracy (schizophrenia dataset: accuracy?=?83%; ASD dataset: accuracy?=?80%). Shared atypical brain connections contributing to classification were mostly present in the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). These functional connections were further related to severity of social deficits in ASD (p?=?0.002). Distinct atypical connections were also more related to the DMN and SN, but showed different atypical connectivity patterns between the two disorders. These results suggest some common neural mechanisms contributing to schizophrenia and ASD, and may aid in understanding the pathology of these two neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1776–1786. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay summary Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia are two common neurodevelopmental disorders which share several genetic and behavioral features. The present study identified common neural mechanisms contributing to ASD and schizophrenia using resting-state functional MRI data. The results may help to understand the pathology of these two neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1834 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Shared atypical default mode and salience network functional connectivity between autism and schizophrenia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Heng CHEN, Auteur ; Lucina Q. UDDIN, Auteur ; Xujun DUAN, Auteur ; Junjie ZHENG, Auteur ; Zhiliang LONG, Auteur ; Youxue ZHANG, Auteur ; Xiaonan GUO, Auteur ; Yan ZHANG, Auteur ; Jingping ZHAO, Auteur ; Huafu CHEN, Auteur . - p.1776-1786. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1776-1786 Mots-clés : schizophrenia  autism spectrum disorder  functional connectivity  multivariate pattern analysis  default mode network  salience network Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders sharing some similar genetic basis and clinical features. The extent to which they share common neural substrates remains unclear. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 35 drug-naïve adolescent participants with first-episode schizophrenia (15.6?±?1.8 years old) and 31 healthy controls (15.4?±?1.6 years old). Data from 22 participants with ASD (13.1?±?3.1 years old) and 21 healthy controls (12.9?±?2.9 years old) were downloaded from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. Resting-state functional networks were constructed using predefined regions of interest. Multivariate pattern analysis combined with multi-task regression feature selection methods were conducted in two datasets separately. Classification between individuals with disorders and controls was achieved with high accuracy (schizophrenia dataset: accuracy?=?83%; ASD dataset: accuracy?=?80%). Shared atypical brain connections contributing to classification were mostly present in the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). These functional connections were further related to severity of social deficits in ASD (p?=?0.002). Distinct atypical connections were also more related to the DMN and SN, but showed different atypical connectivity patterns between the two disorders. These results suggest some common neural mechanisms contributing to schizophrenia and ASD, and may aid in understanding the pathology of these two neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1776–1786. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay summary Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia are two common neurodevelopmental disorders which share several genetic and behavioral features. The present study identified common neural mechanisms contributing to ASD and schizophrenia using resting-state functional MRI data. The results may help to understand the pathology of these two neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1834 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Decreased parvalbumin mRNA levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells in autism / Jean-Jacques SOGHOMONIAN in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1787-1796 Titre : Decreased parvalbumin mRNA levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jean-Jacques SOGHOMONIAN, Auteur ; Kunzhong ZHANG, Auteur ; Sujithra REPRAKASH, Auteur ; Gene J. BLATT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1787-1796 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : post-mortem  parvalbumin  cerebellum  GABA  gene expression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent neuropathology studies in human brains indicate that several areas of the prefrontal cortex have decreased numbers of parvalbumin interneurons or decreased parvalbumin expression in Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD) [Hashemi, Ariza, Rogers, Noctor, & Martinez-Cerdeno, 2017; Zikopoulos & Barbas, ]. These data suggest that a deficit in parvalbumin may be a key neuropathology of ASD and contribute to altered GABAergic inhibition. However, it is unclear if a deficit in parvalbumin is a phenomenon that occurs in regions other than the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum is a major region where neuropathology was first detected in ASD over three decades ago [Bauman & Kemper, ]. In view of the documented association between parvalbumin-expressing neurons and autism, the objective of the present study was to determine if parvalbumin gene expression is also altered in Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. Radioisotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry was used on human tissue sections from control and ASD brains in order to detect and measure parvalbumin mRNA levels at the single cell level in Purkinje cells of Crus II of the lateral cerebellar hemispheres. Results indicate that parvalbumin mRNA levels are significantly lower in Purkinje cells in ASD compared to control brains. This decrease was not influenced by post-mortem interval or age at death. This result indicates that decreased parvalbumin expression is a more widespread feature of ASD. We discuss how this decrease may be implicated in altered cerebellar output to the cerebral cortex and in key ASD symptoms. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1787–1796. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The cerebellum of the brain controls movement and cognition, including memory and language. This study investigated mechanisms of cerebellar function in Autism. Our hypothesis is that parvalbumin, a molecule that controls and coordinate many cellular brain functions, contributes to the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in Autism. We report that parvalbumin expression is depressed in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in autism. This finding contributes to elucidate the cellular and molecular underpinings of autism and should provide a direction for future therapies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1835 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Decreased parvalbumin mRNA levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jean-Jacques SOGHOMONIAN, Auteur ; Kunzhong ZHANG, Auteur ; Sujithra REPRAKASH, Auteur ; Gene J. BLATT, Auteur . - p.1787-1796. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1787-1796 Mots-clés : post-mortem  parvalbumin  cerebellum  GABA  gene expression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent neuropathology studies in human brains indicate that several areas of the prefrontal cortex have decreased numbers of parvalbumin interneurons or decreased parvalbumin expression in Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD) [Hashemi, Ariza, Rogers, Noctor, & Martinez-Cerdeno, 2017; Zikopoulos & Barbas, ]. These data suggest that a deficit in parvalbumin may be a key neuropathology of ASD and contribute to altered GABAergic inhibition. However, it is unclear if a deficit in parvalbumin is a phenomenon that occurs in regions other than the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum is a major region where neuropathology was first detected in ASD over three decades ago [Bauman & Kemper, ]. In view of the documented association between parvalbumin-expressing neurons and autism, the objective of the present study was to determine if parvalbumin gene expression is also altered in Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. Radioisotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry was used on human tissue sections from control and ASD brains in order to detect and measure parvalbumin mRNA levels at the single cell level in Purkinje cells of Crus II of the lateral cerebellar hemispheres. Results indicate that parvalbumin mRNA levels are significantly lower in Purkinje cells in ASD compared to control brains. This decrease was not influenced by post-mortem interval or age at death. This result indicates that decreased parvalbumin expression is a more widespread feature of ASD. We discuss how this decrease may be implicated in altered cerebellar output to the cerebral cortex and in key ASD symptoms. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1787–1796. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The cerebellum of the brain controls movement and cognition, including memory and language. This study investigated mechanisms of cerebellar function in Autism. Our hypothesis is that parvalbumin, a molecule that controls and coordinate many cellular brain functions, contributes to the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in Autism. We report that parvalbumin expression is depressed in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in autism. This finding contributes to elucidate the cellular and molecular underpinings of autism and should provide a direction for future therapies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1835 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Reward learning modulates the attentional processing of faces in children with and without autism spectrum disorder / Tianbi LI in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1797-1807 Titre : Reward learning modulates the attentional processing of faces in children with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tianbi LI, Auteur ; Xueqin WANG, Auteur ; Junhao PAN, Auteur ; Shuyuan FENG, Auteur ; Mengyuan GONG, Auteur ; Yaxue WU, Auteur ; Guoxiang LI, Auteur ; Sheng LI, Auteur ; Li YI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1797-1807 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  reward learning  face recognition  attention  visual search  face processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The processing of social stimuli, such as human faces, is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which could be accounted for by their lack of social motivation. The current study examined how the attentional processing of faces in children with ASD could be modulated by the learning of face-reward associations. Sixteen high-functioning children with ASD and 20 age- and ability-matched typically developing peers participated in the experiments. All children started with a reward learning task, in which the children were presented with three female faces that were attributed with positive, negative, and neutral values, and were required to remember the faces and their associated values. After this, they were tested on the recognition of the learned faces and a visual search task in which the learned faces served as the distractor. We found a modulatory effect of the face-reward associations on the visual search but not the recognition performance in both groups despite the lower efficacy among children with ASD in learning the face-reward associations. Specifically, both groups responded faster when one of the distractor faces was associated with positive or negative values than when the distractor face was neutral, suggesting an efficient attentional processing of these reward-associated faces. Our findings provide direct evidence for the perceptual-level modulatory effect of reward learning on the attentional processing of faces in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1797–1807. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary In our study, we tested whether the face processing of individuals with ASD could be changed when the faces were associated with different social meanings. We found no effect of social meanings on face recognition, but both groups responded faster in the visual search task when one of the distractor faces was associated with positive or negative values than when the neutral face. The findings suggest that children with ASD could efficiently process faces associated with different values like typical children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1823 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Reward learning modulates the attentional processing of faces in children with and without autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tianbi LI, Auteur ; Xueqin WANG, Auteur ; Junhao PAN, Auteur ; Shuyuan FENG, Auteur ; Mengyuan GONG, Auteur ; Yaxue WU, Auteur ; Guoxiang LI, Auteur ; Sheng LI, Auteur ; Li YI, Auteur . - p.1797-1807. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1797-1807 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  reward learning  face recognition  attention  visual search  face processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The processing of social stimuli, such as human faces, is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which could be accounted for by their lack of social motivation. The current study examined how the attentional processing of faces in children with ASD could be modulated by the learning of face-reward associations. Sixteen high-functioning children with ASD and 20 age- and ability-matched typically developing peers participated in the experiments. All children started with a reward learning task, in which the children were presented with three female faces that were attributed with positive, negative, and neutral values, and were required to remember the faces and their associated values. After this, they were tested on the recognition of the learned faces and a visual search task in which the learned faces served as the distractor. We found a modulatory effect of the face-reward associations on the visual search but not the recognition performance in both groups despite the lower efficacy among children with ASD in learning the face-reward associations. Specifically, both groups responded faster when one of the distractor faces was associated with positive or negative values than when the distractor face was neutral, suggesting an efficient attentional processing of these reward-associated faces. Our findings provide direct evidence for the perceptual-level modulatory effect of reward learning on the attentional processing of faces in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1797–1807. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary In our study, we tested whether the face processing of individuals with ASD could be changed when the faces were associated with different social meanings. We found no effect of social meanings on face recognition, but both groups responded faster in the visual search task when one of the distractor faces was associated with positive or negative values than when the neutral face. The findings suggest that children with ASD could efficiently process faces associated with different values like typical children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1823 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Developmental delays in emotion regulation strategies in preschoolers with autism / Heather J. NUSKE in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1808-1822 Titre : Developmental delays in emotion regulation strategies in preschoolers with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Heather J. NUSKE, Auteur ; Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; Alexandra WOOLLACOTT, Auteur ; Phoebe THOMSON, Auteur ; Suzanne MACARI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1808-1822 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : emotion regulation strategies  autism  mental health  wellbeing  self-development  preschool  independence  child emotional wellbeing scale Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly present with difficulty regulating negative emotions, which has been found to impact their behavioral and mental health. Little research has documented the strategies that children with ASD use to regulate their emotion to understand whether they use qualitatively different strategies to children without ASD, whether these are developmentally delayed, or both. Forty-four children with ASD and 29 typically-developing children (2–4 years) were given tasks designed to mimic everyday life experiences requiring children to manage low-level stress (e.g., waiting for a snack) and children's emotion regulation strategies were coded. Parents reported on their child's mental health, wellbeing, and self-development. The results suggest differences in using emotion regulation strategies in children with ASD, reflecting a delay, rather than a deviance when compared to those used by children without ASD. Only children with ASD relied on their family members for physical and communicative soothing; the typically developing children relied on people outside of their family for help regulating their emotion. More frequent approach/less frequent avoidance was related to a higher self-evaluation in both groups, but was only additionally related to higher self-recognition and autonomy in the ASD group. These findings help to identify important emotion regulation intervention targets for this population, including supporting communication with people outside of the family and independence. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1808–1822. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Results suggest that children with autism had more difficulty using communication strategies to manage stress only with people outside the family; they used these strategies with family members as often as children without autism. For all children, more task approach/less avoidance was related to children's higher self-evaluation. These findings suggest targeting communication with people outside of the family and personality development as appropriate intervention goals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1827 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Developmental delays in emotion regulation strategies in preschoolers with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Heather J. NUSKE, Auteur ; Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; Alexandra WOOLLACOTT, Auteur ; Phoebe THOMSON, Auteur ; Suzanne MACARI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - p.1808-1822. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1808-1822 Mots-clés : emotion regulation strategies  autism  mental health  wellbeing  self-development  preschool  independence  child emotional wellbeing scale Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly present with difficulty regulating negative emotions, which has been found to impact their behavioral and mental health. Little research has documented the strategies that children with ASD use to regulate their emotion to understand whether they use qualitatively different strategies to children without ASD, whether these are developmentally delayed, or both. Forty-four children with ASD and 29 typically-developing children (2–4 years) were given tasks designed to mimic everyday life experiences requiring children to manage low-level stress (e.g., waiting for a snack) and children's emotion regulation strategies were coded. Parents reported on their child's mental health, wellbeing, and self-development. The results suggest differences in using emotion regulation strategies in children with ASD, reflecting a delay, rather than a deviance when compared to those used by children without ASD. Only children with ASD relied on their family members for physical and communicative soothing; the typically developing children relied on people outside of their family for help regulating their emotion. More frequent approach/less frequent avoidance was related to a higher self-evaluation in both groups, but was only additionally related to higher self-recognition and autonomy in the ASD group. These findings help to identify important emotion regulation intervention targets for this population, including supporting communication with people outside of the family and independence. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1808–1822. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Results suggest that children with autism had more difficulty using communication strategies to manage stress only with people outside the family; they used these strategies with family members as often as children without autism. For all children, more task approach/less avoidance was related to children's higher self-evaluation. These findings suggest targeting communication with people outside of the family and personality development as appropriate intervention goals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1827 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Socio-sexual functioning in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analyses of existing literature / Grace I. P. HANCOCK in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1823-1833 Titre : Socio-sexual functioning in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analyses of existing literature Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Grace I. P. HANCOCK, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur ; Gary B. MESIBOV, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1823-1833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Asperger's  sexual behavior  relationships  privacy norms  sexual health education  sexual knowledge  socio-sexual functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Socio-sexual functioning encompasses an individual's interests, behaviors, and knowledge with respect to sexual, romantic, and social aspects of life. An individual's understanding of these domains is developed through a range of informal and formal avenues of sexual health education. The current model demonstrated this and proposed that, compared to typically developing individuals, those with ASD develop socio-sexual functioning differently due to having less peer engagement, less relationship experience, more parental guidance, greater use of online materials, receive less school-based sexual health education, and more support from wellbeing services. Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature revealed that individuals with ASD have greater difficultly adhering to privacy norms, engage in less social behavior, are described as engaging in less appropriate sexual behavior, have greater concerns about themselves, and receive less sexual health education. Having fewer opportunities for appropriate informal and formal sexual health education leaves them at a double disadvantage from others who are receiving this information from both of these avenues. Some of the current meta-analytic results are cautioned by large l-square statistics which suggest that a degree of variance is being caused by extraneous factors. Further empirical research in this area is needed to overcome current design and sample limitations. Finally, the Sexual Behavior Scale was the most commonly utilized tool in the meta-analyzed studies, thus comprehensive evaluation of its functioning is warranted. The importance of work in this area is highlighted by the central role of social and sexual wellbeing on one's quality of life. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1823–1833. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Review of existing literature revealed that individuals with ASD have greater difficultly adhering to privacy norms, engage in less social behavior, are described as engaging in less appropriate sexual behavior, have greater concerns about themselves, and receive less sexual health education. Having fewer opportunities for appropriate informal and formal sexual health education leaves them at a double disadvantage from others who are receiving this information from both of these avenues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1831 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Socio-sexual functioning in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analyses of existing literature [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Grace I. P. HANCOCK, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur ; Gary B. MESIBOV, Auteur . - p.1823-1833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1823-1833 Mots-clés : autism  Asperger's  sexual behavior  relationships  privacy norms  sexual health education  sexual knowledge  socio-sexual functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Socio-sexual functioning encompasses an individual's interests, behaviors, and knowledge with respect to sexual, romantic, and social aspects of life. An individual's understanding of these domains is developed through a range of informal and formal avenues of sexual health education. The current model demonstrated this and proposed that, compared to typically developing individuals, those with ASD develop socio-sexual functioning differently due to having less peer engagement, less relationship experience, more parental guidance, greater use of online materials, receive less school-based sexual health education, and more support from wellbeing services. Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature revealed that individuals with ASD have greater difficultly adhering to privacy norms, engage in less social behavior, are described as engaging in less appropriate sexual behavior, have greater concerns about themselves, and receive less sexual health education. Having fewer opportunities for appropriate informal and formal sexual health education leaves them at a double disadvantage from others who are receiving this information from both of these avenues. Some of the current meta-analytic results are cautioned by large l-square statistics which suggest that a degree of variance is being caused by extraneous factors. Further empirical research in this area is needed to overcome current design and sample limitations. Finally, the Sexual Behavior Scale was the most commonly utilized tool in the meta-analyzed studies, thus comprehensive evaluation of its functioning is warranted. The importance of work in this area is highlighted by the central role of social and sexual wellbeing on one's quality of life. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1823–1833. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Review of existing literature revealed that individuals with ASD have greater difficultly adhering to privacy norms, engage in less social behavior, are described as engaging in less appropriate sexual behavior, have greater concerns about themselves, and receive less sexual health education. Having fewer opportunities for appropriate informal and formal sexual health education leaves them at a double disadvantage from others who are receiving this information from both of these avenues. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1831 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Social motivation and implicit theory of mind in children with autism spectrum disorder / Kimberly BURNSIDE in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1834-1844 Titre : Social motivation and implicit theory of mind in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kimberly BURNSIDE, Auteur ; Kristyn WRIGHT, Auteur ; Diane POULIN-DUBOIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1834-1844 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  social motivation  social orienting  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the social motivation theory of autism, children who develop Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have early deficits in social motivation, which is expressed by decreased attention to social information. These deficits are said to lead to impaired socio-cognitive development, such as theory of mind (ToM). There is little research focused on the relation between social motivation and ToM in this population. The goal of the present study was to investigate the link between one aspect of social motivation, social orienting, and ToM in preschoolers with ASD. It was expected that, in contrast to typically developing (TD) children, children with ASD would show impaired performance on tasks measuring social orienting and ToM. It was also expected that children's performance on the social orienting tasks would be correlated with their performance on the ToM task. A total of 17 children with ASD and 16 TD children participated in this study. Participants completed two social orienting tasks, a face preference task and a biological motion preference task, as well an implicit false belief task. Results reveal that TD children, but not children with ASD, exhibited social preference as measured by a preference for faces and biological motion. Furthermore, children with ASD tended to perform worse on the ToM task compared to their TD counterparts. Performance on the social motivation tasks and the ToM task tended to be related but only for the TD children. These findings suggest that ToM is multifaceted and that motivational deficits might have downstream effects even on implicit ToM. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1834–1844. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The goal of the present study was to examine the link between poor attention to social information and mindreading abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results demonstrated that children with ASD tended to perform worse than neurotypical children on both social orienting and theory of mind tasks. Preference for human faces and motion tended to be related but only for the neurotypical children. These findings provide partial support for the social motivation theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1836 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Social motivation and implicit theory of mind in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kimberly BURNSIDE, Auteur ; Kristyn WRIGHT, Auteur ; Diane POULIN-DUBOIS, Auteur . - p.1834-1844. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1834-1844 Mots-clés : autism  social motivation  social orienting  theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the social motivation theory of autism, children who develop Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have early deficits in social motivation, which is expressed by decreased attention to social information. These deficits are said to lead to impaired socio-cognitive development, such as theory of mind (ToM). There is little research focused on the relation between social motivation and ToM in this population. The goal of the present study was to investigate the link between one aspect of social motivation, social orienting, and ToM in preschoolers with ASD. It was expected that, in contrast to typically developing (TD) children, children with ASD would show impaired performance on tasks measuring social orienting and ToM. It was also expected that children's performance on the social orienting tasks would be correlated with their performance on the ToM task. A total of 17 children with ASD and 16 TD children participated in this study. Participants completed two social orienting tasks, a face preference task and a biological motion preference task, as well an implicit false belief task. Results reveal that TD children, but not children with ASD, exhibited social preference as measured by a preference for faces and biological motion. Furthermore, children with ASD tended to perform worse on the ToM task compared to their TD counterparts. Performance on the social motivation tasks and the ToM task tended to be related but only for the TD children. These findings suggest that ToM is multifaceted and that motivational deficits might have downstream effects even on implicit ToM. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1834–1844. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary The goal of the present study was to examine the link between poor attention to social information and mindreading abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results demonstrated that children with ASD tended to perform worse than neurotypical children on both social orienting and theory of mind tasks. Preference for human faces and motion tended to be related but only for the neurotypical children. These findings provide partial support for the social motivation theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1836 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Audition-specific temporal processing deficits associated with language function in children with autism spectrum disorder / Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1845-1856 Titre : Audition-specific temporal processing deficits associated with language function in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Kimberly B. SCHAUDER, Auteur ; Alexandra P. KEY, Auteur ; Mark T. WALLACE, Auteur ; Wendy L. STONE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1845-1856 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  audition  vision  temporal processing  language  low level perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensory processing alterations are highly prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neurobiologically-based theories of ASD propose that abnormalities in the processing of temporal aspects of sensory input could underlie core symptoms of ASD. For example, rapid auditory temporal processing is critical for speech perception, and language difficulties are central to the social communication deficits defining the disorder. This study assessed visual and auditory temporal processing abilities and tested their relation to core ASD symptoms. 53 children (26 ASD, 27 TD) completed visual and auditory psychophysical gap detection tasks to measure gap detection thresholds (i.e., the minimum interval between sequential stimuli needed for individuals to perceive an interruption between the stimuli) in each domain. Children were also administered standardized language assessments such that the relation between individual differences in auditory gap detection thresholds and degree of language and communication difficulties among children with ASD could be assessed. Children with ASD had substantially higher auditory gap detection thresholds compared to children with TD, and auditory gap detection thresholds were correlated significantly with several measures of language processing in this population. No group differences were observed in the visual temporal processing. Results indicate a domain-specific impairment in rapid auditory temporal processing in ASD that is associated with greater difficulties in language processing. Findings provide qualified support for temporal processing theories of ASD and highlight the need for future research testing the nature, extent, and universality of auditory temporal processing deficits in this population. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1845–1856. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Sensory symptoms are common in ASD. Temporal processing alterations are often implicated, but understudied. The ability to process rapid sensory information, particularly auditory input, is critical for language functioning. This study tested auditory and visual temporal processing in ASD and controls. Findings suggest that rapid auditory (but not visual) processing is impaired in ASD and related to language functioning. These results could provide mechanistic clues to understanding core symptoms and lead to novel intervention targets. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1820 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Audition-specific temporal processing deficits associated with language function in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Kimberly B. SCHAUDER, Auteur ; Alexandra P. KEY, Auteur ; Mark T. WALLACE, Auteur ; Wendy L. STONE, Auteur . - p.1845-1856. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1845-1856 Mots-clés : ASD  audition  vision  temporal processing  language  low level perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensory processing alterations are highly prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neurobiologically-based theories of ASD propose that abnormalities in the processing of temporal aspects of sensory input could underlie core symptoms of ASD. For example, rapid auditory temporal processing is critical for speech perception, and language difficulties are central to the social communication deficits defining the disorder. This study assessed visual and auditory temporal processing abilities and tested their relation to core ASD symptoms. 53 children (26 ASD, 27 TD) completed visual and auditory psychophysical gap detection tasks to measure gap detection thresholds (i.e., the minimum interval between sequential stimuli needed for individuals to perceive an interruption between the stimuli) in each domain. Children were also administered standardized language assessments such that the relation between individual differences in auditory gap detection thresholds and degree of language and communication difficulties among children with ASD could be assessed. Children with ASD had substantially higher auditory gap detection thresholds compared to children with TD, and auditory gap detection thresholds were correlated significantly with several measures of language processing in this population. No group differences were observed in the visual temporal processing. Results indicate a domain-specific impairment in rapid auditory temporal processing in ASD that is associated with greater difficulties in language processing. Findings provide qualified support for temporal processing theories of ASD and highlight the need for future research testing the nature, extent, and universality of auditory temporal processing deficits in this population. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1845–1856. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Sensory symptoms are common in ASD. Temporal processing alterations are often implicated, but understudied. The ability to process rapid sensory information, particularly auditory input, is critical for language functioning. This study tested auditory and visual temporal processing in ASD and controls. Findings suggest that rapid auditory (but not visual) processing is impaired in ASD and related to language functioning. These results could provide mechanistic clues to understanding core symptoms and lead to novel intervention targets. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1820 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: Mismatch negativity deficits / Chantal VLASKAMP in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1857-1865 Titre : Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: Mismatch negativity deficits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chantal VLASKAMP, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur ; Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Sarah DURSTON, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Birte GLENTHØJ, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1857-1865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : auditory processing  ASD  MMN  P3a  schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show changes in (automatic) auditory processing. Electrophysiology provides a method to study auditory processing, by investigating event-related potentials such as mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a-amplitude. However, findings on MMN in autism are highly inconsistent, partly due to small sample sizes in the studies and differences in MMN paradigms. Therefore, in the current study, MMN and P3a amplitude were assessed in a relatively large sample of children with ASD, using a more extensive MMN paradigm and compared with that of typically developing children (TDC). Thirty-five children (aged 8–12 years) with ASD and 38 age and gender matched TDC were assessed with a MMN paradigm with three types of deviants, i.e., frequency, duration and a combination of these two. MMN elicited by duration and frequency-duration deviants was significantly reduced in the ASD group. P3a-amplitude elicited by duration deviants was significantly increased in the ASD group. Reduced MMN in children with ASD suggests that children with ASD may be less responsive to environmentally deviant stimuli at an early (sensory) level. P3a-amplitude was increased in ASD, implying a hyper-responsivity at the attentional level. In addition, as similar MMN deficits are found in schizophrenia, these MMN results may explain some of the frequently reported increased risk of children with ASD to develop schizophrenia later in life. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1857–1865. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Automatic detection of deviant sounds in the environment, such as upcoming traffic, is often affected in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a way to quantify automatic deviancy detection, using electroencephalography. In this study, auditory MMN was assessed in 35 children with ASD and 38 matched control children, revealing significantly reduced MMN in the ASD group. This may indicate that children with ASD are less able to automatically detect environmentally deviant stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1821 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: Mismatch negativity deficits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chantal VLASKAMP, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur ; Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Sarah DURSTON, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Birte GLENTHØJ, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur . - p.1857-1865. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1857-1865 Mots-clés : auditory processing  ASD  MMN  P3a  schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show changes in (automatic) auditory processing. Electrophysiology provides a method to study auditory processing, by investigating event-related potentials such as mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a-amplitude. However, findings on MMN in autism are highly inconsistent, partly due to small sample sizes in the studies and differences in MMN paradigms. Therefore, in the current study, MMN and P3a amplitude were assessed in a relatively large sample of children with ASD, using a more extensive MMN paradigm and compared with that of typically developing children (TDC). Thirty-five children (aged 8–12 years) with ASD and 38 age and gender matched TDC were assessed with a MMN paradigm with three types of deviants, i.e., frequency, duration and a combination of these two. MMN elicited by duration and frequency-duration deviants was significantly reduced in the ASD group. P3a-amplitude elicited by duration deviants was significantly increased in the ASD group. Reduced MMN in children with ASD suggests that children with ASD may be less responsive to environmentally deviant stimuli at an early (sensory) level. P3a-amplitude was increased in ASD, implying a hyper-responsivity at the attentional level. In addition, as similar MMN deficits are found in schizophrenia, these MMN results may explain some of the frequently reported increased risk of children with ASD to develop schizophrenia later in life. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1857–1865. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Automatic detection of deviant sounds in the environment, such as upcoming traffic, is often affected in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a way to quantify automatic deviancy detection, using electroencephalography. In this study, auditory MMN was assessed in 35 children with ASD and 38 matched control children, revealing significantly reduced MMN in the ASD group. This may indicate that children with ASD are less able to automatically detect environmentally deviant stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1821 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Prenatal maternal stress events and phenotypic outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Kandice J. VARCIN in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1866-1877 Titre : Prenatal maternal stress events and phenotypic outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1866-1877 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  maternal stress  prenatal  heterogeneity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is significant heterogeneity amongst individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in symptom presentation and severity. An understanding of the factors that contribute to and modulate symptom severity are critical to informing prognosis, stratification, and treatment decisions. Maternal prenatal stress exposure is a nonspecific risk factor for a wide array of neurodevelopmental outcomes in subsequent offspring. Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal maternal stress may increase ASD risk and contribute to variability in autism-like traits in the general population. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether prenatal maternal exposure to stressful life events is associated with symptom severity amongst individuals with ASD. We performed multiple regression analyses to examine associations between retrospectively recalled maternal prenatal stressful life events and the severity of ASD-associated symptoms in 174 children with ASD (Mage?=?9.09 years; SD?=?3.81). ASD-related symptom severity was measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and communication abilities were measured using the Children's Communication Checklist. Exposure to prenatal stressful life events was a significant predictor of ASD-related symptom severity (t?=?2.014; P?=?.048) and communication abilities (t?=??2.925; P?=?.004) amongst children with ASD, even after controlling for a range of sociodemographic and obstetric variables. Follow-up analyses demonstrated significant increases in symptom severity only in the context of multiple (two or more) prenatal stressful life events. Together, these findings indicate that ASD, in the context of prenatal maternal stress exposure, may be associated with a more severe phenotype, particularly when there are multiple prenatal exposures. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1866–1877. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary There is emerging evidence that prenatal maternal stress may increase the risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and contribute to variability in autism-like traits in the general population. Here, we found that more stressful life events experienced during pregnancy was associated with more severe ASD-related symptoms and poorer communication abilities amongst children with ASD. The results from this study suggest that prenatal maternal stress exposure and its sequelae may contribute to variability in symptom severity amongst children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1830 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Prenatal maternal stress events and phenotypic outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kandice J. VARCIN, Auteur ; Gail A. ALVARES, Auteur ; Mirko ULJAREVIC, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur . - p.1866-1877. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1866-1877 Mots-clés : autism  maternal stress  prenatal  heterogeneity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is significant heterogeneity amongst individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in symptom presentation and severity. An understanding of the factors that contribute to and modulate symptom severity are critical to informing prognosis, stratification, and treatment decisions. Maternal prenatal stress exposure is a nonspecific risk factor for a wide array of neurodevelopmental outcomes in subsequent offspring. Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal maternal stress may increase ASD risk and contribute to variability in autism-like traits in the general population. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether prenatal maternal exposure to stressful life events is associated with symptom severity amongst individuals with ASD. We performed multiple regression analyses to examine associations between retrospectively recalled maternal prenatal stressful life events and the severity of ASD-associated symptoms in 174 children with ASD (Mage?=?9.09 years; SD?=?3.81). ASD-related symptom severity was measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and communication abilities were measured using the Children's Communication Checklist. Exposure to prenatal stressful life events was a significant predictor of ASD-related symptom severity (t?=?2.014; P?=?.048) and communication abilities (t?=??2.925; P?=?.004) amongst children with ASD, even after controlling for a range of sociodemographic and obstetric variables. Follow-up analyses demonstrated significant increases in symptom severity only in the context of multiple (two or more) prenatal stressful life events. Together, these findings indicate that ASD, in the context of prenatal maternal stress exposure, may be associated with a more severe phenotype, particularly when there are multiple prenatal exposures. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1866–1877. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary There is emerging evidence that prenatal maternal stress may increase the risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and contribute to variability in autism-like traits in the general population. Here, we found that more stressful life events experienced during pregnancy was associated with more severe ASD-related symptoms and poorer communication abilities amongst children with ASD. The results from this study suggest that prenatal maternal stress exposure and its sequelae may contribute to variability in symptom severity amongst children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1830 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Prenatal exposure to fever is associated with autism spectrum disorder in the boston birth cohort / Martha BRUCATO in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1878-1890 Titre : Prenatal exposure to fever is associated with autism spectrum disorder in the boston birth cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Martha BRUCATO, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur ; Mengying LI, Auteur ; Deanna CARUSO, Auteur ; Xiumei HONG, Auteur ; Jamie KACZANIUK, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. STUART, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Xiaobin WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1878-1890 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  environmental exposure  maternal exposure  fever  epidemiology  risk factors  minority health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is phenotypically and etiologically heterogeneous, with evidence for genetic and environmental contributions to disease risk. Research has focused on the prenatal period as a time where environmental exposures are likely to influence risk for ASD. Epidemiological studies have shown significant associations between prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA), caused by infections and fever, and ASD. However, due to differences in study design and exposure measurements no consistent patterns have emerged revealing specific times or type of MIA exposure that are most important to ASD risk. No prior studies have examined prenatal MIA exposure and ASD risk in an under-represented minority population of African ancestry. To overcome these limitations, we estimated the association between prenatal exposure to fever and maternal infections and ASD in a prospective birth cohort of an understudied minority population in a city in the United States. No association was found between prenatal exposure to genitourinary infections or flu and the risk of ASD in a nested sample of 116 ASD cases and 988 typically developing controls in crude or adjusted analyses. Prenatal exposure to fever was associated with increased ASD risk (aOR 2.02 [1.04–3.92]) after adjustment for educational attainment, marital status, race, child sex, maternal age, birth year, gestational age, and maternal smoking. This effect may be specific to fever during the third trimester (aOR 2.70 [1.00–7.29]). Our findings provide a focus for future research efforts and ASD prevention strategies across diverse populations. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1878–1890. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We looked at whether activation of the immune system during pregnancy increases the chance a child will develop ASD. We examined 116 children with ASD and 988 children without ASD that came from a predominantly low income, urban, minority population. We found that having the flu or genitourinary tract infections during pregnancy is not related to the child being diagnosed with ASD. However, we did find children were at increased risk for ASD when their mothers had a fever during pregnancy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1841 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Prenatal exposure to fever is associated with autism spectrum disorder in the boston birth cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Martha BRUCATO, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur ; Mengying LI, Auteur ; Deanna CARUSO, Auteur ; Xiumei HONG, Auteur ; Jamie KACZANIUK, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. STUART, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Xiaobin WANG, Auteur . - p.1878-1890. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1878-1890 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder (ASD)  environmental exposure  maternal exposure  fever  epidemiology  risk factors  minority health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is phenotypically and etiologically heterogeneous, with evidence for genetic and environmental contributions to disease risk. Research has focused on the prenatal period as a time where environmental exposures are likely to influence risk for ASD. Epidemiological studies have shown significant associations between prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA), caused by infections and fever, and ASD. However, due to differences in study design and exposure measurements no consistent patterns have emerged revealing specific times or type of MIA exposure that are most important to ASD risk. No prior studies have examined prenatal MIA exposure and ASD risk in an under-represented minority population of African ancestry. To overcome these limitations, we estimated the association between prenatal exposure to fever and maternal infections and ASD in a prospective birth cohort of an understudied minority population in a city in the United States. No association was found between prenatal exposure to genitourinary infections or flu and the risk of ASD in a nested sample of 116 ASD cases and 988 typically developing controls in crude or adjusted analyses. Prenatal exposure to fever was associated with increased ASD risk (aOR 2.02 [1.04–3.92]) after adjustment for educational attainment, marital status, race, child sex, maternal age, birth year, gestational age, and maternal smoking. This effect may be specific to fever during the third trimester (aOR 2.70 [1.00–7.29]). Our findings provide a focus for future research efforts and ASD prevention strategies across diverse populations. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1878–1890. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We looked at whether activation of the immune system during pregnancy increases the chance a child will develop ASD. We examined 116 children with ASD and 988 children without ASD that came from a predominantly low income, urban, minority population. We found that having the flu or genitourinary tract infections during pregnancy is not related to the child being diagnosed with ASD. However, we did find children were at increased risk for ASD when their mothers had a fever during pregnancy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1841 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322

Are autistic traits associated with suicidality? A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide in a non-clinical young adult sample / M. K. PELTON in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1891-1904 Titre : Are autistic traits associated with suicidality? A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide in a non-clinical young adult sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. K. PELTON, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1891-1904 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic traits  broader autism phenotype  suicide  suicidality  interpersonal psychological theory of suicide  autism spectrum conditions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has recently been associated with increased risk of suicidality. However, no studies have explored how autistic traits may interact with current models of suicidal behavior in a non-clinical population. The current study therefore explored how self-reported autistic traits interact with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in predicting suicidal behavior, in the context of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS). 163 young adults (aged 18–30 years) completed an online survey including measures of thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness (Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire), self-reported autistic traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient), current depression (Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), and lifetime suicidality (Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised). Results showed that burdensomeness and thwarted belonging significantly mediated the relationship between autistic traits and suicidal behavior. Both depression and autistic traits significantly predicted thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness. Autistic traits did not significantly moderate the relationship between suicidal behavior and thwarted belonging or perceived burdensomeness. Results suggest that the IPTS provides a useful framework for understanding the influence of autistic traits on suicidal behavior. However, the psychometric properties of these measures need be explored in those with clinically confirmed diagnosis of ASC. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1891–1904. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Recent research has shown that people with high autistic traits are more likely to attempt suicide. However, no studies have explored why. We found that people with high autistic traits were more likely to experience feelings that they do not belong in the world, are a burden on others, and depression, which may increase their likelihood of attempting suicide. These results suggest that promoting inclusion and independence in those with high autistic traits could help prevent people attempting suicide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1828 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322 [article] Are autistic traits associated with suicidality? A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide in a non-clinical young adult sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. K. PELTON, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur . - p.1891-1904. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-11 (November 2017) . - p.1891-1904 Mots-clés : autistic traits  broader autism phenotype  suicide  suicidality  interpersonal psychological theory of suicide  autism spectrum conditions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has recently been associated with increased risk of suicidality. However, no studies have explored how autistic traits may interact with current models of suicidal behavior in a non-clinical population. The current study therefore explored how self-reported autistic traits interact with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in predicting suicidal behavior, in the context of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS). 163 young adults (aged 18–30 years) completed an online survey including measures of thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness (Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire), self-reported autistic traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient), current depression (Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), and lifetime suicidality (Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised). Results showed that burdensomeness and thwarted belonging significantly mediated the relationship between autistic traits and suicidal behavior. Both depression and autistic traits significantly predicted thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness. Autistic traits did not significantly moderate the relationship between suicidal behavior and thwarted belonging or perceived burdensomeness. Results suggest that the IPTS provides a useful framework for understanding the influence of autistic traits on suicidal behavior. However, the psychometric properties of these measures need be explored in those with clinically confirmed diagnosis of ASC. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1891–1904. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Recent research has shown that people with high autistic traits are more likely to attempt suicide. However, no studies have explored why. We found that people with high autistic traits were more likely to experience feelings that they do not belong in the world, are a burden on others, and depression, which may increase their likelihood of attempting suicide. These results suggest that promoting inclusion and independence in those with high autistic traits could help prevent people attempting suicide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1828 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=322