Dépouillements

Electrodermal Response to Reward and Non-Reward Among Children With Autism / Emily NEUHAUS in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.357-370 Titre : Electrodermal Response to Reward and Non-Reward Among Children With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily NEUHAUS, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Theodore P. BEAUCHAINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.357-370 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  ASD  reward  electrodermal responding  skin conductance  social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pervasive social difficulties among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often construed as deriving from reduced sensitivity to social stimuli. Behavioral and neurobiological evidence suggests that typical individuals show preferential processing of social (e.g., voices, faces) over nonsocial (e.g., nonvocal sounds, images of objects) information, whereas individuals with ASD may not. This reduction in sensitivity may reflect disrupted reward processing [Dawson & Bernier, ], with significant developmental consequences for affected individuals. In this study, we explore effects of social and monetary reward on behavioral and electrodermal responses (EDRs) among 8- to 12-year-old boys with (n?=?18) and without (n?=?18) ASD, with attention to the potential moderating effects of stimulus familiarity. During a simple matching task, participants with and without ASD had marginally slower reactions during social vs. nonsocial reward, and boys with ASD had less accurate responses than controls. Compared to baseline, reward and non-reward conditions elicited more frequent and larger EDRs for participants as a whole, and both groups showed similar patterns of EDR change within reward blocks. However, boys with and without ASD differed in their EDRs to non-reward, and response amplitude was correlated with social and emotional functioning. These findings provide some support for altered reward responding in ASD at the autonomic level, and highlight the discontinuation of reward as an important component of reward-based learning that may play a role in shaping behavior and guiding specialized brain development to subserve social behavior and cognition across the lifespan. Autism Res 2015, 8: 357–370. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1451 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Electrodermal Response to Reward and Non-Reward Among Children With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily NEUHAUS, Auteur ; Raphael BERNIER, Auteur ; Theodore P. BEAUCHAINE, Auteur . - p.357-370. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.357-370 Mots-clés : autism  ASD  reward  electrodermal responding  skin conductance  social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Pervasive social difficulties among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often construed as deriving from reduced sensitivity to social stimuli. Behavioral and neurobiological evidence suggests that typical individuals show preferential processing of social (e.g., voices, faces) over nonsocial (e.g., nonvocal sounds, images of objects) information, whereas individuals with ASD may not. This reduction in sensitivity may reflect disrupted reward processing [Dawson & Bernier, ], with significant developmental consequences for affected individuals. In this study, we explore effects of social and monetary reward on behavioral and electrodermal responses (EDRs) among 8- to 12-year-old boys with (n?=?18) and without (n?=?18) ASD, with attention to the potential moderating effects of stimulus familiarity. During a simple matching task, participants with and without ASD had marginally slower reactions during social vs. nonsocial reward, and boys with ASD had less accurate responses than controls. Compared to baseline, reward and non-reward conditions elicited more frequent and larger EDRs for participants as a whole, and both groups showed similar patterns of EDR change within reward blocks. However, boys with and without ASD differed in their EDRs to non-reward, and response amplitude was correlated with social and emotional functioning. These findings provide some support for altered reward responding in ASD at the autonomic level, and highlight the discontinuation of reward as an important component of reward-based learning that may play a role in shaping behavior and guiding specialized brain development to subserve social behavior and cognition across the lifespan. Autism Res 2015, 8: 357–370. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1451 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

Normal P50 Gating in Children with Autism, Yet Attenuated P50 Amplitude in the Asperger Subcategory / Gitte Falcher MADSEN in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.371-378 Titre : Normal P50 Gating in Children with Autism, Yet Attenuated P50 Amplitude in the Asperger Subcategory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Birte GLENTHØJ, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.371-378 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  P50  sensory gating  children  auditory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are separate disorders, but there is evidence of conversion or comorbid overlap. The objective of this paper was to explore whether deficits in sensory gating, as seen in some schizophrenia patients, can also be found in a group of ASD children compared to neurotypically developed children. An additional aim was to investigate the possibility of subdividing our ASD sample based on these gating deficits. In a case–control design, we assessed gating of the P50 and N100 amplitude in 31 ASD children and 39 healthy matched controls (8–12 years) and screened for differences between groups and within the ASD group. We did not find disturbances in auditory P50 and N100 filtering in the group of ASD children as a whole, nor did we find abnormal P50 and N100 amplitudes. However, the P50 amplitude to the conditioning stimulus was significantly reduced in the Asperger subgroup compared to healthy controls. In contrast to what is usually reported for patients with schizophrenia, we found no evidence for sensory gating deficits in our group of ASD children taken as a whole. However, reduced P50 amplitude to conditioning stimuli was found in the Asperger group, which is similar to what has been described in some studies in schizophrenia patients. There was a positive correlation between the P50 amplitude of the conditioning stimuli and anxiety score in the pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified group, which indicates a relation between anxiety and sensory registration in this group. Autism Res 2015, 8: 371–378. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1452 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Normal P50 Gating in Children with Autism, Yet Attenuated P50 Amplitude in the Asperger Subcategory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gitte Falcher MADSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; Jens Richardt MØLLEGAARD JEPSEN, Auteur ; Birte GLENTHØJ, Auteur ; Cathriona CANTIO, Auteur ; Bob ORANJE, Auteur . - p.371-378. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.371-378 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  P50  sensory gating  children  auditory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are separate disorders, but there is evidence of conversion or comorbid overlap. The objective of this paper was to explore whether deficits in sensory gating, as seen in some schizophrenia patients, can also be found in a group of ASD children compared to neurotypically developed children. An additional aim was to investigate the possibility of subdividing our ASD sample based on these gating deficits. In a case–control design, we assessed gating of the P50 and N100 amplitude in 31 ASD children and 39 healthy matched controls (8–12 years) and screened for differences between groups and within the ASD group. We did not find disturbances in auditory P50 and N100 filtering in the group of ASD children as a whole, nor did we find abnormal P50 and N100 amplitudes. However, the P50 amplitude to the conditioning stimulus was significantly reduced in the Asperger subgroup compared to healthy controls. In contrast to what is usually reported for patients with schizophrenia, we found no evidence for sensory gating deficits in our group of ASD children taken as a whole. However, reduced P50 amplitude to conditioning stimuli was found in the Asperger group, which is similar to what has been described in some studies in schizophrenia patients. There was a positive correlation between the P50 amplitude of the conditioning stimuli and anxiety score in the pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified group, which indicates a relation between anxiety and sensory registration in this group. Autism Res 2015, 8: 371–378. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1452 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

Cortical Changes Across the Autism Lifespan / Karol OSIPOWICZ in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.379-385 Titre : Cortical Changes Across the Autism Lifespan Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karol OSIPOWICZ, Auteur ; Danielle D. BOSENBARK, Auteur ; Kristina E. PATRICK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.379-385 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  neuroimaging  brain development  gray matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although it is widely accepted that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves neuroanatomical abnormalities and atypical neurodevelopmental patterns, there is little consensus regarding the precise pattern of neuroanatomical differences or how these differences relate to autism symptomology. Furthermore, there is limited research related to neuroanatomical correlates of autism symptomology in individuals with ASD and the studies that do exist primarily include small samples. This study was the first to investigate gray matter (GM) changes throughout the ASD lifespan, using voxel-based morphometry to determine whether significant differences exist in the GM volumes of a large sample of individuals with ASD compared to age- and IQ-matched typical controls. We examined GM volume across the lifespan in 531 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 571 neurotypical controls, aged 7–64. We compared groups and correlated GM with age and autism severity in the ASD group. Findings suggest bilateral decreased GM volume for individuals with ASD in regions extending from the thalamus to the cerebellum, anterior medial temporal lobes, and orbitofrontal regions. Higher autism severity was associated with decreased GM volumes in prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal and temporal regions, and temporal poles. Similar relationships were found between GM volume and age. ASD diagnosis and severity were not associated with increased GM volumes in any region. Autism Res 2015, 8: 379–385. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Cortical Changes Across the Autism Lifespan [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karol OSIPOWICZ, Auteur ; Danielle D. BOSENBARK, Auteur ; Kristina E. PATRICK, Auteur . - p.379-385. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.379-385 Mots-clés : autism  neuroimaging  brain development  gray matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although it is widely accepted that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves neuroanatomical abnormalities and atypical neurodevelopmental patterns, there is little consensus regarding the precise pattern of neuroanatomical differences or how these differences relate to autism symptomology. Furthermore, there is limited research related to neuroanatomical correlates of autism symptomology in individuals with ASD and the studies that do exist primarily include small samples. This study was the first to investigate gray matter (GM) changes throughout the ASD lifespan, using voxel-based morphometry to determine whether significant differences exist in the GM volumes of a large sample of individuals with ASD compared to age- and IQ-matched typical controls. We examined GM volume across the lifespan in 531 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 571 neurotypical controls, aged 7–64. We compared groups and correlated GM with age and autism severity in the ASD group. Findings suggest bilateral decreased GM volume for individuals with ASD in regions extending from the thalamus to the cerebellum, anterior medial temporal lobes, and orbitofrontal regions. Higher autism severity was associated with decreased GM volumes in prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal and temporal regions, and temporal poles. Similar relationships were found between GM volume and age. ASD diagnosis and severity were not associated with increased GM volumes in any region. Autism Res 2015, 8: 379–385. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

Neural Correlates of Set-Shifting in Children With Autism / Benjamin E. YERYS in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.386-397 Titre : Neural Correlates of Set-Shifting in Children With Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Ligia ANTEZANA, Auteur ; Rachel WEINBLATT, Auteur ; Kathryn F. JANKOWSKI, Auteur ; John STRANG, Auteur ; Chandan J. VAIDYA, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; William D. GAILLARD, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.386-397 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cognitive control  set-shifting  functional magnetic resonance imaging  cingulate  prefrontal cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with high levels of inflexible thinking and rigid behavior. The neural correlates of these behaviors have been investigated in adults and older adolescents, but not children. Prior studies utilized set-shifting tasks that engaged multiple levels of shifting, and depended on learning abstract rules and establishing a strong prepotent bias. These additional demands complicate simple interpretations of the results. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of set-shifting in 20 children (ages 7–14) with ASD and 19 typically developing, matched, control children. Participants completed a set-shifting task that minimized nonshifting task demands through the use of concrete instructions that provide spatial mapping of stimuli-responses. The shift/stay sets were given an equal number of trials to limit the prepotent bias. Both groups showed an equivalent “switch cost,” responding less accurately and slower to Switch stimuli than Stay stimuli, although the ASD group was less accurate overall. Both groups showed activation in prefrontal, striatal, parietal, and cerebellum regions known to govern effective set-shifts. Compared to controls, children with ASD demonstrated decreased activation of the right middle temporal gyrus across all trials, but increased activation in the mid-dorsal cingulate cortex/superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal, and right inferior frontal gyri during the Switch vs. Stay contrast. The successful behavioral switching performance of children with ASD comes at the cost of requiring greater engagement of frontal regions, suggesting less efficiency at this lowest level of shifting. Autism Res 2015, 8: 386–397. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1454 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Neural Correlates of Set-Shifting in Children With Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Benjamin E. YERYS, Auteur ; Ligia ANTEZANA, Auteur ; Rachel WEINBLATT, Auteur ; Kathryn F. JANKOWSKI, Auteur ; John STRANG, Auteur ; Chandan J. VAIDYA, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; William D. GAILLARD, Auteur ; Lauren KENWORTHY, Auteur . - p.386-397. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.386-397 Mots-clés : autism  cognitive control  set-shifting  functional magnetic resonance imaging  cingulate  prefrontal cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with high levels of inflexible thinking and rigid behavior. The neural correlates of these behaviors have been investigated in adults and older adolescents, but not children. Prior studies utilized set-shifting tasks that engaged multiple levels of shifting, and depended on learning abstract rules and establishing a strong prepotent bias. These additional demands complicate simple interpretations of the results. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of set-shifting in 20 children (ages 7–14) with ASD and 19 typically developing, matched, control children. Participants completed a set-shifting task that minimized nonshifting task demands through the use of concrete instructions that provide spatial mapping of stimuli-responses. The shift/stay sets were given an equal number of trials to limit the prepotent bias. Both groups showed an equivalent “switch cost,” responding less accurately and slower to Switch stimuli than Stay stimuli, although the ASD group was less accurate overall. Both groups showed activation in prefrontal, striatal, parietal, and cerebellum regions known to govern effective set-shifts. Compared to controls, children with ASD demonstrated decreased activation of the right middle temporal gyrus across all trials, but increased activation in the mid-dorsal cingulate cortex/superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal, and right inferior frontal gyri during the Switch vs. Stay contrast. The successful behavioral switching performance of children with ASD comes at the cost of requiring greater engagement of frontal regions, suggesting less efficiency at this lowest level of shifting. Autism Res 2015, 8: 386–397. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1454 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

Untrivial Pursuit: Measuring Motor Procedures Learning in Children with Autism / Laura SPARACI in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.398-411 Titre : Untrivial Pursuit: Measuring Motor Procedures Learning in Children with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura SPARACI, Auteur ; Domenico FORMICA, Auteur ; Francesca Romana LASORSA, Auteur ; Luigi MAZZONE, Auteur ; Giovanni VALERI, Auteur ; Stefano VICARI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.398-411 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : procedural learning  autism  pursuit rotor  motor skills  handwriting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Numerous studies have underscored prevalence of motor impairments in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but only few of them have analyzed motor strategies exploited by ASD children when learning a new motor procedure. To evaluate motor procedure learning and performance strategies in both ASD and typically developing (TD) children, we built a virtual pursuit rotor (VPR) task, requiring tracking a moving target on a computer screen using a digitalized pen and tablet. Procedural learning was measured as increased time on target (TT) across blocks of trials on the same day and consolidation was assessed after a 24-hour rest. The program and the experimental setting (evaluated in a first experiment considering two groups of TD children) allowed also measures of continuous time on target (CTT), distance from target (DT) and distance from path (DP), as well as 2D reconstructions of children's trajectories. Results showed that the VPR was harder for children with ASD than for TD controls matched for chronological age and intelligence quotient, but both groups displayed comparable motor procedure learning (i.e., similarly incremented their TT). However, closer analysis of CTT, DT, and DP as well as 2D trajectories, showed different motor performance strategies in ASD, highlighting difficulties in overall actions planning. Data underscore the need for deeper investigations of motor strategies exploited by children with ASD when learning a new motor procedure. Autism Res 2015, 8: 398–411. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1455 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Untrivial Pursuit: Measuring Motor Procedures Learning in Children with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura SPARACI, Auteur ; Domenico FORMICA, Auteur ; Francesca Romana LASORSA, Auteur ; Luigi MAZZONE, Auteur ; Giovanni VALERI, Auteur ; Stefano VICARI, Auteur . - p.398-411. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.398-411 Mots-clés : procedural learning  autism  pursuit rotor  motor skills  handwriting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Numerous studies have underscored prevalence of motor impairments in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but only few of them have analyzed motor strategies exploited by ASD children when learning a new motor procedure. To evaluate motor procedure learning and performance strategies in both ASD and typically developing (TD) children, we built a virtual pursuit rotor (VPR) task, requiring tracking a moving target on a computer screen using a digitalized pen and tablet. Procedural learning was measured as increased time on target (TT) across blocks of trials on the same day and consolidation was assessed after a 24-hour rest. The program and the experimental setting (evaluated in a first experiment considering two groups of TD children) allowed also measures of continuous time on target (CTT), distance from target (DT) and distance from path (DP), as well as 2D reconstructions of children's trajectories. Results showed that the VPR was harder for children with ASD than for TD controls matched for chronological age and intelligence quotient, but both groups displayed comparable motor procedure learning (i.e., similarly incremented their TT). However, closer analysis of CTT, DT, and DP as well as 2D trajectories, showed different motor performance strategies in ASD, highlighting difficulties in overall actions planning. Data underscore the need for deeper investigations of motor strategies exploited by children with ASD when learning a new motor procedure. Autism Res 2015, 8: 398–411. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1455 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

T-Brain-1 – A Potential Master Regulator in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Hsiu-Chun CHUANG in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.412-426 Titre : T-Brain-1 – A Potential Master Regulator in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hsiu-Chun CHUANG, Auteur ; Tzyy-Nan HUANG, Auteur ; Yi-Ping HSUEH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.412-426 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Baiap2  cell adhesion  Gad1  Kiaa0319  transcriptional regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : T-Brain-1 (TBR1), a causative gene in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), encodes a brain-specific T-box transcription factor. It is therefore possible that TBR1 controls the expression of other autism risk factors. The downstream genes of TBR1 have been identified using microarray and promoter analyses. In this study, we annotated individual genes downstream of TBR1 and investigated any associations with ASDs through extensive literature searches. Of 124 TBR1 target genes, 23 were reported to be associated with ASDs. In addition, one gene, Kiaa0319, is a known causative gene for dyslexia, a disorder frequently associated with autism. A change in expression level in 10 of these 24 genes has been previously confirmed. We further validated the alteration of RNA expression levels of Kiaa0319, Baiap2, and Gad1 in Tbr1 deficient mice. Among these 24 genes, four transcription factors Auts2, Nfia, Nr4a2, and Sox5 were found, suggesting that TBR1 controls a transcriptional cascade relevant to autism pathogenesis. A further five of the 24 genes (Cd44, Cdh8, Cntn6, Gpc6, and Ntng1) encode membrane proteins that regulate cell adhesion and axonal outgrowth. These genes likely contribute to the role of TBR1 in regulation of neuronal migration and axonal extension. Besides, decreases in Grin2b expression and increases in Gad1 expression imply that neuronal activity may be aberrant in Tbr1 deficient mice. These analyses provide direction for future experiments to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of autism. Autism Res 2015, 8: 412–426. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1456 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] T-Brain-1 – A Potential Master Regulator in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hsiu-Chun CHUANG, Auteur ; Tzyy-Nan HUANG, Auteur ; Yi-Ping HSUEH, Auteur . - p.412-426. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.412-426 Mots-clés : Baiap2  cell adhesion  Gad1  Kiaa0319  transcriptional regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : T-Brain-1 (TBR1), a causative gene in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), encodes a brain-specific T-box transcription factor. It is therefore possible that TBR1 controls the expression of other autism risk factors. The downstream genes of TBR1 have been identified using microarray and promoter analyses. In this study, we annotated individual genes downstream of TBR1 and investigated any associations with ASDs through extensive literature searches. Of 124 TBR1 target genes, 23 were reported to be associated with ASDs. In addition, one gene, Kiaa0319, is a known causative gene for dyslexia, a disorder frequently associated with autism. A change in expression level in 10 of these 24 genes has been previously confirmed. We further validated the alteration of RNA expression levels of Kiaa0319, Baiap2, and Gad1 in Tbr1 deficient mice. Among these 24 genes, four transcription factors Auts2, Nfia, Nr4a2, and Sox5 were found, suggesting that TBR1 controls a transcriptional cascade relevant to autism pathogenesis. A further five of the 24 genes (Cd44, Cdh8, Cntn6, Gpc6, and Ntng1) encode membrane proteins that regulate cell adhesion and axonal outgrowth. These genes likely contribute to the role of TBR1 in regulation of neuronal migration and axonal extension. Besides, decreases in Grin2b expression and increases in Gad1 expression imply that neuronal activity may be aberrant in Tbr1 deficient mice. These analyses provide direction for future experiments to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of autism. Autism Res 2015, 8: 412–426. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1456 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

Hyperconnectivity of the Right Posterior Temporo-parietal Junction Predicts Social Difficulties in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Hsiang-Yun CHIEN in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.427-441 Titre : Hyperconnectivity of the Right Posterior Temporo-parietal Junction Predicts Social Difficulties in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hsiang-Yun CHIEN, Auteur ; Hsiang-Yuan LIN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur ; Wen-Yih Isaac TSENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.427-441 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  right posterior temporo-parietal junction  resting-state fMRI  functional connectivity  ventral occipito-temporal cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The posterior right temporo-parietal junction (pRTPJ) is a key brain region representing other's mental status. Despite reports of atypical activation at pRTPJ during mentalizing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the pRTPJ remains under-investigated. We examined whether boys with ASD show altered resting-state iFC of the pRTPJ, and whether atypical iFC of the pRTPJ is associated with social deficits in ASD in a sample of 40 boys with high-functioning ASD (aged 9–17 years, mean age, 12.38?±?2.17; mean IQ, 105.60?±?16.06) and 42 typically developing (TD) boys (aged 9–17 years, mean age, 11.64?±?2.71; mean IQ, 111.29?±?13.45). Both groups received resting-state fMRI assessment after imaging data quality control for in-scanner head motion and spatial coverage. Seed-based approach was used to investigate iFC of the pRTPJ. TD and ASD boys demonstrated a resting-state pRTPJ iFC pattern comparable to the known spatial involvement of the default-mode network. Boys with ASD showed pRTPJ hyperconnectivity relative to TD boys in the right ventral occipito-temporal cortex. This atypically increased iFC in the ASD group was positively correlated with social deficits assessed by the Chinese version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Social Responsive Scale. Our findings provide empirical support for functional “dysconnectivity,” that is, atypical functional integration among brain regions, as an integral component of the atypical neurobiology of ASD. Autism Res 2015, 8: 427–441. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1457 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Hyperconnectivity of the Right Posterior Temporo-parietal Junction Predicts Social Difficulties in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hsiang-Yun CHIEN, Auteur ; Hsiang-Yuan LIN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur ; Wen-Yih Isaac TSENG, Auteur . - p.427-441. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.427-441 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  right posterior temporo-parietal junction  resting-state fMRI  functional connectivity  ventral occipito-temporal cortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The posterior right temporo-parietal junction (pRTPJ) is a key brain region representing other's mental status. Despite reports of atypical activation at pRTPJ during mentalizing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the pRTPJ remains under-investigated. We examined whether boys with ASD show altered resting-state iFC of the pRTPJ, and whether atypical iFC of the pRTPJ is associated with social deficits in ASD in a sample of 40 boys with high-functioning ASD (aged 9–17 years, mean age, 12.38?±?2.17; mean IQ, 105.60?±?16.06) and 42 typically developing (TD) boys (aged 9–17 years, mean age, 11.64?±?2.71; mean IQ, 111.29?±?13.45). Both groups received resting-state fMRI assessment after imaging data quality control for in-scanner head motion and spatial coverage. Seed-based approach was used to investigate iFC of the pRTPJ. TD and ASD boys demonstrated a resting-state pRTPJ iFC pattern comparable to the known spatial involvement of the default-mode network. Boys with ASD showed pRTPJ hyperconnectivity relative to TD boys in the right ventral occipito-temporal cortex. This atypically increased iFC in the ASD group was positively correlated with social deficits assessed by the Chinese version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Social Responsive Scale. Our findings provide empirical support for functional “dysconnectivity,” that is, atypical functional integration among brain regions, as an integral component of the atypical neurobiology of ASD. Autism Res 2015, 8: 427–441. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1457 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

An Evaluation of Imitation Recognition Abilities in Typically Developing Children and Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Natalie I. BERGER in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.442-453 Titre : An Evaluation of Imitation Recognition Abilities in Typically Developing Children and Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natalie I. BERGER, Auteur ; Brooke R. INGERSOLL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.442-453 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  imitation  imitation recognition  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work has indicated that both typically developing children and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) display a range of imitation recognition behaviors in response to a contingent adult imitator. However, it is unknown how the two groups perform comparatively on this construct. In this study, imitation recognition behaviors for children with ASD and typically developing children were observed during periods of contingent imitation imbedded in a naturalistic imitation task. Results from this study indicate that children with ASD are impaired in their ability to recognize being imitated relative to typically developing peers as demonstrated both by behaviors representing basic social attention and more mature imitation recognition. Display of imitation recognition behaviors was independent of length of contingent imitation period in typically developing children, but rate of engagement in imitation recognition behaviors was positively correlated with length of contingent imitation period in children with ASD. Exploratory findings also suggest a link between the ability to demonstrate recognition of being imitated and ASD symptom severity, language, and object imitation for young children with ASD. Autism Res 2015, 8: 442–453. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1462 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] An Evaluation of Imitation Recognition Abilities in Typically Developing Children and Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natalie I. BERGER, Auteur ; Brooke R. INGERSOLL, Auteur . - p.442-453. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.442-453 Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  imitation  imitation recognition  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work has indicated that both typically developing children and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) display a range of imitation recognition behaviors in response to a contingent adult imitator. However, it is unknown how the two groups perform comparatively on this construct. In this study, imitation recognition behaviors for children with ASD and typically developing children were observed during periods of contingent imitation imbedded in a naturalistic imitation task. Results from this study indicate that children with ASD are impaired in their ability to recognize being imitated relative to typically developing peers as demonstrated both by behaviors representing basic social attention and more mature imitation recognition. Display of imitation recognition behaviors was independent of length of contingent imitation period in typically developing children, but rate of engagement in imitation recognition behaviors was positively correlated with length of contingent imitation period in children with ASD. Exploratory findings also suggest a link between the ability to demonstrate recognition of being imitated and ASD symptom severity, language, and object imitation for young children with ASD. Autism Res 2015, 8: 442–453. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1462 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

“Put Myself Into Your Place”: Embodied Simulation and Perspective Taking in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Massimiliano CONSON in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.454-466 Titre : “Put Myself Into Your Place”: Embodied Simulation and Perspective Taking in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Massimiliano CONSON, Auteur ; Elisabetta MAZZARELLA, Auteur ; Dalila ESPOSITO, Auteur ; Dario GROSSI, Auteur ; Nicoletta MARINO, Auteur ; Angelo MASSAGLI, Auteur ; Alessandro FROLLI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.454-466 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  high-functioning autism  perspective taking  embodied simulation  body representation  mental rotation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Embodied cognition theories hold that cognitive processes are grounded in bodily states. Embodied processes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have classically been investigated in studies on imitation. Several observations suggested that unlike typical individuals who are able of copying the model's actions from the model's position, individuals with ASD tend to reenact the model's actions from their own egocentric perspective. Here, we performed two behavioral experiments to directly test the ability of ASD individuals to adopt another person's point of view. In Experiment 1, participants had to explicitly judge the left/right location of a target object in a scene from their own or the actor's point of view (visual perspective taking task). In Experiment 2, participants had to perform left/right judgments on front-facing or back-facing human body images (own body transformation task). Both tasks can be solved by mentally simulating one's own body motion to imagine oneself transforming into the position of another person (embodied simulation strategy), or by resorting to visual/spatial processes, such as mental object rotation (nonembodied strategy). Results of both experiments showed that individual with ASD solved the tasks mainly relying on a nonembodied strategy, whereas typical controls adopted an embodied strategy. Moreover, in the visual perspective taking task ASD participants had more difficulties than controls in inhibiting other-perspective when directed to keep one's own point of view. These findings suggested that, in social cognitive tasks, individuals with ASD do not resort to embodied simulation and have difficulties in cognitive control over self- and other-perspective. Autism Res 2015, 8: 454–466. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1460 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] “Put Myself Into Your Place”: Embodied Simulation and Perspective Taking in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Massimiliano CONSON, Auteur ; Elisabetta MAZZARELLA, Auteur ; Dalila ESPOSITO, Auteur ; Dario GROSSI, Auteur ; Nicoletta MARINO, Auteur ; Angelo MASSAGLI, Auteur ; Alessandro FROLLI, Auteur . - p.454-466. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.454-466 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  high-functioning autism  perspective taking  embodied simulation  body representation  mental rotation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Embodied cognition theories hold that cognitive processes are grounded in bodily states. Embodied processes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have classically been investigated in studies on imitation. Several observations suggested that unlike typical individuals who are able of copying the model's actions from the model's position, individuals with ASD tend to reenact the model's actions from their own egocentric perspective. Here, we performed two behavioral experiments to directly test the ability of ASD individuals to adopt another person's point of view. In Experiment 1, participants had to explicitly judge the left/right location of a target object in a scene from their own or the actor's point of view (visual perspective taking task). In Experiment 2, participants had to perform left/right judgments on front-facing or back-facing human body images (own body transformation task). Both tasks can be solved by mentally simulating one's own body motion to imagine oneself transforming into the position of another person (embodied simulation strategy), or by resorting to visual/spatial processes, such as mental object rotation (nonembodied strategy). Results of both experiments showed that individual with ASD solved the tasks mainly relying on a nonembodied strategy, whereas typical controls adopted an embodied strategy. Moreover, in the visual perspective taking task ASD participants had more difficulties than controls in inhibiting other-perspective when directed to keep one's own point of view. These findings suggested that, in social cognitive tasks, individuals with ASD do not resort to embodied simulation and have difficulties in cognitive control over self- and other-perspective. Autism Res 2015, 8: 454–466. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1460 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.467-470 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.467-470 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1538 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.467-470. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.467-470 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1538 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268

International Society for Autism Research News in Autism Research, 8-4 (August 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.471-471 Titre : International Society for Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.471-471 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1532 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 [article] International Society for Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.471-471. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.471-471 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1532 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268