Nutritional supplementation to reduce child aggression: a randomized, stratified, single-blind, factorial trial / Adrian RAINE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-9 (September 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1038-1046 Titre : Nutritional supplementation to reduce child aggression: a randomized, stratified, single-blind, factorial trial Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Adrian RAINE, Auteur ; Rose A. CHENEY, Auteur ; Ringo HO, Auteur ; Jill PORTNOY, Auteur ; Jianghong LIU, Auteur ; Liana SOYFER, Auteur ; Joseph R. HIBBELN, Auteur ; Therese S. RICHMOND, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1038-1046 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aggression  omega-3  cognitive behavioral therapy  reactive  callous  nutrition  externalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While some studies suggest that nutritional supplementation may reduce aggressive behavior in children, they have not examined whether its efficacy may be enhanced in conjunction with other treatment approaches. This study tests the hypothesis that a nutritional supplementation of omega-3, multivitamins, and minerals over 3 months, combined with cognitive behavior therapy, will reduce childhood aggression. Methods In this randomized, single-blind, stratified, factorial trial, a high-risk community sample of 290 children aged 11–12 years were randomized into Nutrition only, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) only, Nutrition + CBT, and Control groups. The primary outcome measures of child- and parent-reported aggressive and antisocial behavior were collected at 0 months (baseline), 3 months (end of treatment), 6 months (3 months posttreatment), and 12 months (9 months posttreatment). The trial (‘Healthy Brains & Behavior: Understanding and Treating Youth Aggression (HBB)’ was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00842439 Results For child self-reports, children in the Nutrition only group showed reduced externalizing behavior compared to Controls at 3 months. At 6 months, the Nutrition + CBT group scored lower on externalizing behavior compared to both CBT only and Control groups. Findings were more in evidence for an Aggressive-Reactive form of antisocial behavior than for a Callous-Proactive form. Effect sizes were in the small-to-medium range (d = −.33 to −.37). Group differences were not sustained 9 months posttreatment, and no other effects were significant. Conclusions Findings provide some limited support for the efficacy of omega-3, vitamin, and mineral supplementation in reducing aggressive behavior in children, and represent the first evaluation of nutritional supplements in conjunction with CBT. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Nutritional supplementation to reduce child aggression: a randomized, stratified, single-blind, factorial trial [texte imprimé] / Adrian RAINE, Auteur ; Rose A. CHENEY, Auteur ; Ringo HO, Auteur ; Jill PORTNOY, Auteur ; Jianghong LIU, Auteur ; Liana SOYFER, Auteur ; Joseph R. HIBBELN, Auteur ; Therese S. RICHMOND, Auteur . - p.1038-1046. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-9 (September 2016) . - p.1038-1046 Mots-clés : Aggression  omega-3  cognitive behavioral therapy  reactive  callous  nutrition  externalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While some studies suggest that nutritional supplementation may reduce aggressive behavior in children, they have not examined whether its efficacy may be enhanced in conjunction with other treatment approaches. This study tests the hypothesis that a nutritional supplementation of omega-3, multivitamins, and minerals over 3 months, combined with cognitive behavior therapy, will reduce childhood aggression. Methods In this randomized, single-blind, stratified, factorial trial, a high-risk community sample of 290 children aged 11–12 years were randomized into Nutrition only, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) only, Nutrition + CBT, and Control groups. The primary outcome measures of child- and parent-reported aggressive and antisocial behavior were collected at 0 months (baseline), 3 months (end of treatment), 6 months (3 months posttreatment), and 12 months (9 months posttreatment). The trial (‘Healthy Brains & Behavior: Understanding and Treating Youth Aggression (HBB)’ was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00842439 Results For child self-reports, children in the Nutrition only group showed reduced externalizing behavior compared to Controls at 3 months. At 6 months, the Nutrition + CBT group scored lower on externalizing behavior compared to both CBT only and Control groups. Findings were more in evidence for an Aggressive-Reactive form of antisocial behavior than for a Callous-Proactive form. Effect sizes were in the small-to-medium range (d = −.33 to −.37). Group differences were not sustained 9 months posttreatment, and no other effects were significant. Conclusions Findings provide some limited support for the efficacy of omega-3, vitamin, and mineral supplementation in reducing aggressive behavior in children, and represent the first evaluation of nutritional supplements in conjunction with CBT. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Prenatal mercury exposure and features of autism: a prospective population study / Jean GOLDING in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 30p. Titre : Prenatal mercury exposure and features of autism: a prospective population study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jean GOLDING, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Steven GREGORY, Auteur ; Genette ELLIS, Auteur ; Alan EMOND, Auteur ; Yasmin ILES-CAVEN, Auteur ; Joseph R. HIBBELN, Auteur ; Caroline TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : 30p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Child  Female  Fish Products/standards  Food Contamination  Humans  Male  Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena  Mercury/blood  Pregnancy  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology  alspac  Autism  Autistic traits  Dental amalgam  Fish consumption  Prenatal mercury  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Mercury (Hg) has been suspected of causing autism in the past, especially a suspected link with vaccinations containing thiomersal, but a review of the literature shows that has been largely repudiated. Of more significant burden is the total quantity of Hg in the environment. Here, we have used the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to test whether prenatal exposure from total maternal blood Hg in the first half of pregnancy is associated with the risk of autism or of extreme levels of autistic traits. This is the largest longitudinal study to date to have tested this hypothesis and the only one to have considered early pregnancy. Methods: We have used three strategies: (1) direct comparison of 45 pregnancies resulting in children with diagnosed autism from a population of 3840, (2) comparison of high scores on each of the four autistic traits within the population at risk (n~2800), and (3) indirect measures of association of these outcomes with proxies for increased Hg levels such as frequency of fish consumption and exposure to dental amalgam (n > 8000). Logistic regression adjusted for social conditions including maternal age, housing circumstances, maternal education, and parity. Interactions were tested between risks to offspring of fish and non-fish eaters. Results: There was no suggestion of an adverse effect of total prenatal blood Hg levels on diagnosed autism (AOR 0.89; 95% CI 0.65, 1.22) per SD of Hg (P = 0.485). The only indication of adverse effects concerned a measure of poor social cognition when the mother ate no fish, where the AOR was 1.63 [95% CI 1.02, 2.62] per SD of Hg (P = 0.041), significantly different from the association among the offspring of fish-eaters (AOR = 0.74 [95% CI 0.41, 1.35]). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study identifies no adverse effect of prenatal total blood Hg on autism or autistic traits provided the mother ate fish. Although these results should be confirmed in other populations, accumulating evidence substantiates the recommendation to eat fish during pregnancy. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0215-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] Prenatal mercury exposure and features of autism: a prospective population study [texte imprimé] / Jean GOLDING, Auteur ; Dheeraj RAI, Auteur ; Steven GREGORY, Auteur ; Genette ELLIS, Auteur ; Alan EMOND, Auteur ; Yasmin ILES-CAVEN, Auteur ; Joseph R. HIBBELN, Auteur ; Caroline TAYLOR, Auteur . - 30p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 30p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autistic Disorder/epidemiology  Child  Female  Fish Products/standards  Food Contamination  Humans  Male  Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena  Mercury/blood  Pregnancy  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology  alspac  Autism  Autistic traits  Dental amalgam  Fish consumption  Prenatal mercury  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Mercury (Hg) has been suspected of causing autism in the past, especially a suspected link with vaccinations containing thiomersal, but a review of the literature shows that has been largely repudiated. Of more significant burden is the total quantity of Hg in the environment. Here, we have used the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to test whether prenatal exposure from total maternal blood Hg in the first half of pregnancy is associated with the risk of autism or of extreme levels of autistic traits. This is the largest longitudinal study to date to have tested this hypothesis and the only one to have considered early pregnancy. Methods: We have used three strategies: (1) direct comparison of 45 pregnancies resulting in children with diagnosed autism from a population of 3840, (2) comparison of high scores on each of the four autistic traits within the population at risk (n~2800), and (3) indirect measures of association of these outcomes with proxies for increased Hg levels such as frequency of fish consumption and exposure to dental amalgam (n > 8000). Logistic regression adjusted for social conditions including maternal age, housing circumstances, maternal education, and parity. Interactions were tested between risks to offspring of fish and non-fish eaters. Results: There was no suggestion of an adverse effect of total prenatal blood Hg levels on diagnosed autism (AOR 0.89; 95% CI 0.65, 1.22) per SD of Hg (P = 0.485). The only indication of adverse effects concerned a measure of poor social cognition when the mother ate no fish, where the AOR was 1.63 [95% CI 1.02, 2.62] per SD of Hg (P = 0.041), significantly different from the association among the offspring of fish-eaters (AOR = 0.74 [95% CI 0.41, 1.35]). Conclusion: In conclusion, our study identifies no adverse effect of prenatal total blood Hg on autism or autistic traits provided the mother ate fish. Although these results should be confirmed in other populations, accumulating evidence substantiates the recommendation to eat fish during pregnancy. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0215-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Reduction in behavior problems with omega-3 supplementation in children aged 8–16 years: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial / Adrian RAINE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-5 (May 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-5 (May 2015) . - p.509-520 Titre : Reduction in behavior problems with omega-3 supplementation in children aged 8–16 years: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Adrian RAINE, Auteur ; Jill PORTNOY, Auteur ; Jianghong LIU, Auteur ; Tashneem MAHOOMED, Auteur ; Joseph R. HIBBELN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.509-520 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Omega-3  externalizing  internalizing  aggression  randomized trial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While limited evidence suggests that omega-3 supplementation may reduce antisocial behavior in children, studies have not reported on posttreatment follow-up and most treatment periods have been of short duration. This study tests the hypothesis that omega-3 supplementation over 6 months will reduce behavior problems in children both at the end of treatment and at 6 months post treatment. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial, a community sample of 8–16 year old children were randomized into a treatment group (N = 100) and a placebo-control group (N = 100). The supplementation consisted of a fruit drink containing 1 g/day of omega-3 or a placebo consisting of the same fruit drink without omega-3. Participants, caregivers, and research assistants were blinded to group assignment. The primary outcome measures of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were reported by both caregivers and their children in a laboratory setting at 0 months (baseline), 6 months (end of treatment) and 12 months (6 months post treatment), together with the secondary outcome measures of parental antisocial behavior. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis including all participants. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02016079 term=mauritius&rank=2 Results Significant group × time interactions were observed with the treatment group showing long-term improvements in child behavior problems. The average posttreatment effect size was d = −.59. Effects were documented for parent reports, but with the exception of proactive and reactive aggression, child-report data were nonsignificant. Parents whose children took omega-3 showed significant posttreatment reductions in their own antisocial and aggressive behavior. This improvement in caregiver behavior partly mediated the improvements observed in child behavior. Conclusions Findings provide initial evidence that omega-3 supplementation can produce sustained reductions in externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Results are the first to report improvements in caregiver behavior, and to establish this improvement as a part-mechanism for the efficacy of omega-3. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12314 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Reduction in behavior problems with omega-3 supplementation in children aged 8–16 years: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial [texte imprimé] / Adrian RAINE, Auteur ; Jill PORTNOY, Auteur ; Jianghong LIU, Auteur ; Tashneem MAHOOMED, Auteur ; Joseph R. HIBBELN, Auteur . - p.509-520. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-5 (May 2015) . - p.509-520 Mots-clés : Omega-3  externalizing  internalizing  aggression  randomized trial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background While limited evidence suggests that omega-3 supplementation may reduce antisocial behavior in children, studies have not reported on posttreatment follow-up and most treatment periods have been of short duration. This study tests the hypothesis that omega-3 supplementation over 6 months will reduce behavior problems in children both at the end of treatment and at 6 months post treatment. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial, a community sample of 8–16 year old children were randomized into a treatment group (N = 100) and a placebo-control group (N = 100). The supplementation consisted of a fruit drink containing 1 g/day of omega-3 or a placebo consisting of the same fruit drink without omega-3. Participants, caregivers, and research assistants were blinded to group assignment. The primary outcome measures of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were reported by both caregivers and their children in a laboratory setting at 0 months (baseline), 6 months (end of treatment) and 12 months (6 months post treatment), together with the secondary outcome measures of parental antisocial behavior. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis including all participants. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02016079 term=mauritius&rank=2 Results Significant group × time interactions were observed with the treatment group showing long-term improvements in child behavior problems. The average posttreatment effect size was d = −.59. Effects were documented for parent reports, but with the exception of proactive and reactive aggression, child-report data were nonsignificant. Parents whose children took omega-3 showed significant posttreatment reductions in their own antisocial and aggressive behavior. This improvement in caregiver behavior partly mediated the improvements observed in child behavior. Conclusions Findings provide initial evidence that omega-3 supplementation can produce sustained reductions in externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Results are the first to report improvements in caregiver behavior, and to establish this improvement as a part-mechanism for the efficacy of omega-3. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12314 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

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