Behavioural and cognitive sex/gender differences in autism spectrum condition and typically developing males and females / Laura HULL in Autism, 21-6 (August 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 21-6 (August 2017) . - p.706-727 Titre : Behavioural and cognitive sex/gender differences in autism spectrum condition and typically developing males and females Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura HULL, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.706-727 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies assessing sex/gender differences in autism spectrum conditions often fail to include typically developing control groups. It is, therefore, unclear whether observed sex/gender differences reflect those found in the general population or are particular to autism spectrum conditions. A systematic search identified articles comparing behavioural and cognitive characteristics in males and females with and without an autism spectrum condition diagnosis. A total of 13 studies were included in meta-analyses of sex/gender differences in core autism spectrum condition symptoms (social/communication impairments and restricted/repetitive behaviours and interests) and intelligence quotient. A total of 20 studies were included in a qualitative review of sex/gender differences in additional autism spectrum condition symptoms. For core traits and intelligence quotient, sex/gender differences were comparable in autism spectrum conditions and typical samples. Some additional autism spectrum condition symptoms displayed different patterns of sex/gender differences in autism spectrum conditions and typically developing groups, including measures of executive function, empathising and systemising traits, internalising and externalising problems and play behaviours. Individuals with autism spectrum conditions display typical sex/gender differences in core autism spectrum condition traits, suggesting that diagnostic criteria based on these symptoms should take into account typical sex/gender differences. However, awareness of associated autism spectrum condition symptoms should include the possibility of different male and female phenotypes, to ensure those who do not fit the ?typical? autism spectrum condition presentation are not missed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316669087 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=311 [article] Behavioural and cognitive sex/gender differences in autism spectrum condition and typically developing males and females [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura HULL, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur . - p.706-727. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 21-6 (August 2017) . - p.706-727 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies assessing sex/gender differences in autism spectrum conditions often fail to include typically developing control groups. It is, therefore, unclear whether observed sex/gender differences reflect those found in the general population or are particular to autism spectrum conditions. A systematic search identified articles comparing behavioural and cognitive characteristics in males and females with and without an autism spectrum condition diagnosis. A total of 13 studies were included in meta-analyses of sex/gender differences in core autism spectrum condition symptoms (social/communication impairments and restricted/repetitive behaviours and interests) and intelligence quotient. A total of 20 studies were included in a qualitative review of sex/gender differences in additional autism spectrum condition symptoms. For core traits and intelligence quotient, sex/gender differences were comparable in autism spectrum conditions and typical samples. Some additional autism spectrum condition symptoms displayed different patterns of sex/gender differences in autism spectrum conditions and typically developing groups, including measures of executive function, empathising and systemising traits, internalising and externalising problems and play behaviours. Individuals with autism spectrum conditions display typical sex/gender differences in core autism spectrum condition traits, suggesting that diagnostic criteria based on these symptoms should take into account typical sex/gender differences. However, awareness of associated autism spectrum condition symptoms should include the possibility of different male and female phenotypes, to ensure those who do not fit the ?typical? autism spectrum condition presentation are not missed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316669087 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=311

Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) / L. HULL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-3 (March 2019) . - p.819-833 Titre : Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. HULL, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.819-833 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Camouflaging  Compensation  Coping Strategies  Masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There currently exist no self-report measures of social camouflaging behaviours (strategies used to compensate for or mask autistic characteristics during social interactions). The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) was developed from autistic adults' experiences of camouflaging, and was administered online to 354 autistic and 478 non-autistic adults. Exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors, comprising of 25 items in total. Good model fit was demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis, with measurement invariance analyses demonstrating equivalent factor structures across gender and diagnostic group. Internal consistency (alpha = 0.94) and preliminary test-retest reliability (r = 0.77) were acceptable. Convergent validity was demonstrated through comparison with measures of autistic traits, wellbeing, anxiety, and depression. The present study provides robust psychometric support for the CAT-Q. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386 [article] Development and Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. HULL, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur . - p.819-833. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-3 (March 2019) . - p.819-833 Mots-clés : Autism  Camouflaging  Compensation  Coping Strategies  Masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There currently exist no self-report measures of social camouflaging behaviours (strategies used to compensate for or mask autistic characteristics during social interactions). The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) was developed from autistic adults' experiences of camouflaging, and was administered online to 354 autistic and 478 non-autistic adults. Exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors, comprising of 25 items in total. Good model fit was demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis, with measurement invariance analyses demonstrating equivalent factor structures across gender and diagnostic group. Internal consistency (alpha = 0.94) and preliminary test-retest reliability (r = 0.77) were acceptable. Convergent validity was demonstrated through comparison with measures of autistic traits, wellbeing, anxiety, and depression. The present study provides robust psychometric support for the CAT-Q. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386

Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? / L. HULL in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 13 p. Titre : Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. HULL, Auteur ; L. LEVY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Anxiety/diagnosis/psychology  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/etiology/psychology  Depression/diagnosis/etiology/psychology  Disease Susceptibility  Female  Humans  Male  Mental Health  Middle Aged  Public Health Surveillance  Self Report  Social Behavior  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  Adults  Camouflaging  Gender  Mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is inconsistent evidence for a clear pattern of association between 'camouflaging' (strategies used to mask and/or compensate for autism characteristics during social interactions) and mental health. METHODS: This study explored the relationship between self-reported camouflaging and generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety in a large sample of autistic adults and, for the first time, explored the moderating effect of gender, in an online survey. RESULTS: Overall, camouflaging was associated with greater symptoms of generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety, although only to a small extent beyond the contribution of autistic traits and age. Camouflaging more strongly predicted generalised and social anxiety than depression. No interaction between camouflaging and gender was found. LIMITATIONS: These results cannot be generalised to autistic people with intellectual disability, or autistic children and young people. The sample did not include sufficient numbers of non-binary people to run separate analyses; therefore, it is possible that camouflaging impacts mental health differently in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that camouflaging is a risk factor for mental health problems in autistic adults without intellectual disability, regardless of gender. We also identified levels of camouflaging at which risk of mental health problems is highest, suggesting clinicians should be particularly aware of mental health problems in those who score at or above these levels. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00421-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. HULL, Auteur ; L. LEVY, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur . - 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 13 p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Aged  Anxiety/diagnosis/psychology  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/etiology/psychology  Depression/diagnosis/etiology/psychology  Disease Susceptibility  Female  Humans  Male  Mental Health  Middle Aged  Public Health Surveillance  Self Report  Social Behavior  Surveys and Questionnaires  Young Adult  Adults  Camouflaging  Gender  Mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is inconsistent evidence for a clear pattern of association between 'camouflaging' (strategies used to mask and/or compensate for autism characteristics during social interactions) and mental health. METHODS: This study explored the relationship between self-reported camouflaging and generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety in a large sample of autistic adults and, for the first time, explored the moderating effect of gender, in an online survey. RESULTS: Overall, camouflaging was associated with greater symptoms of generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety, although only to a small extent beyond the contribution of autistic traits and age. Camouflaging more strongly predicted generalised and social anxiety than depression. No interaction between camouflaging and gender was found. LIMITATIONS: These results cannot be generalised to autistic people with intellectual disability, or autistic children and young people. The sample did not include sufficient numbers of non-binary people to run separate analyses; therefore, it is possible that camouflaging impacts mental health differently in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that camouflaging is a risk factor for mental health problems in autistic adults without intellectual disability, regardless of gender. We also identified levels of camouflaging at which risk of mental health problems is highest, suggesting clinicians should be particularly aware of mental health problems in those who score at or above these levels. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00421-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

“Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions / Laura HULL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-8 (August 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2519-2534 Titre : “Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura HULL, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2519-2534 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Camouflaging  Coping  Sex  Gender  Social adapation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging of autistic characteristics in social situations is hypothesised as a common social coping strategy for adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Camouflaging may impact diagnosis, quality of life, and long-term outcomes, but little is known about it. This qualitative study examined camouflaging experiences in 92 adults with ASC, with questions focusing on the nature, motivations, and consequences of camouflaging. Thematic analysis was used to identify key elements of camouflaging, which informed development of a three-stage model of the camouflaging process. First, motivations for camouflaging included fitting in and increasing connections with others. Second, camouflaging itself comprised a combination of masking and compensation techniques. Third, short- and long-term consequences of camouflaging included exhaustion, challenging stereotypes, and threats to self-perception. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3166-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315 [article] “Putting on My Best Normal”: Social Camouflaging in Adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura HULL, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur . - p.2519-2534. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-8 (August 2017) . - p.2519-2534 Mots-clés : Autism  Camouflaging  Coping  Sex  Gender  Social adapation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging of autistic characteristics in social situations is hypothesised as a common social coping strategy for adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Camouflaging may impact diagnosis, quality of life, and long-term outcomes, but little is known about it. This qualitative study examined camouflaging experiences in 92 adults with ASC, with questions focusing on the nature, motivations, and consequences of camouflaging. Thematic analysis was used to identify key elements of camouflaging, which informed development of a three-stage model of the camouflaging process. First, motivations for camouflaging included fitting in and increasing connections with others. Second, camouflaging itself comprised a combination of masking and compensation techniques. Third, short- and long-term consequences of camouflaging included exhaustion, challenging stereotypes, and threats to self-perception. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3166-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=315

Theory of Mind and Executive Control Deficits in Typically Developing Adults and Adolescents with High Levels of Autism Traits / Elif GÖKÇEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2072-2087 Titre : Theory of Mind and Executive Control Deficits in Typically Developing Adults and Adolescents with High Levels of Autism Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elif GÖKÇEN, Auteur ; Norah FREDERICKSON, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2072-2087 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Subclinical autism traits  Theory of mind  Executive control  Alexithymia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by profound difficulties in empathic processing and executive control. Whilst the links between these processes have been frequently investigated in populations with autism, few studies have examined them at the subclinical level. In addition, the contribution of alexithymia, a trait characterised by impaired interoceptive awareness and empathy, and elevated in those with ASD, is currently unclear. The present two-part study employed a comprehensive battery of tasks to examine these processes. Findings support the notion that executive function and theory of mind are related abilities. They also suggest that individuals with elevated levels of autism-like traits experience a partially similar pattern of social and executive function difficulties to those diagnosed with ASD, and that these impairments are not explained by co-occurring alexithymia. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2735-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 [article] Theory of Mind and Executive Control Deficits in Typically Developing Adults and Adolescents with High Levels of Autism Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elif GÖKÇEN, Auteur ; Norah FREDERICKSON, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur . - p.2072-2087. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2072-2087 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Subclinical autism traits  Theory of mind  Executive control  Alexithymia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by profound difficulties in empathic processing and executive control. Whilst the links between these processes have been frequently investigated in populations with autism, few studies have examined them at the subclinical level. In addition, the contribution of alexithymia, a trait characterised by impaired interoceptive awareness and empathy, and elevated in those with ASD, is currently unclear. The present two-part study employed a comprehensive battery of tasks to examine these processes. Findings support the notion that executive function and theory of mind are related abilities. They also suggest that individuals with elevated levels of autism-like traits experience a partially similar pattern of social and executive function difficulties to those diagnosed with ASD, and that these impairments are not explained by co-occurring alexithymia. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2735-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288

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