Adoptees' responses to separation from, and reunion with, their adoptive parent at age 4 years is associated with long-term persistence of autism symptoms following early severe institutional deprivation / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE in Development and Psychopathology, 32-2 (May 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 32-2 (May 2020) . - p.631-640 Titre : Adoptees' responses to separation from, and reunion with, their adoptive parent at age 4 years is associated with long-term persistence of autism symptoms following early severe institutional deprivation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Mark KENNEDY, Auteur ; Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Nicky KNIGHTS, Auteur ; Hanna KOVSHOFF, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.631-640 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Romanian adoptees  adversity  insecure other  institutional deprivation  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Institutionally deprived young children often display distinctive patterns of attachment, classified as insecure/other (INS/OTH), with their adoptive parents. The associations between INS/OTH and developmental trajectories of mental health and neurodevelopmental symptoms were examined. Age 4 attachment status was determined for 97 Romanian adoptees exposed to up to 24 months of deprivation in Romanian orphanages and 49 nondeprived UK adoptees. Autism, inattention/overactivity and disinhibited-social-engagement symptoms, emotional problems, and IQ were measured at 4, 6, 11, and 15 years and in young adulthood. Romanian adoptees with over 6 months deprivation (Rom>6) were more often classified as INS/OTH than UK and Romanian adoptees with less than 6 months deprivation combined. INS/OTH was associated with cognitive impairment at age 4 years. The interaction between deprivation, attachment status, and age for autism spectrum disorder assessment was significant, with greater symptom persistence in Rom>6 INS/OTH(+) than other groups. This effect was reduced when IQ at age 4 was controlled for. Age 4 INS/OTH in Rom>6 was associated with worse autism spectrum disorder outcomes up to two decades later. Its association with cognitive impairment at age 4 is consistent with INS/OTH being an early marker of this negative developmental trajectory, rather than its cause. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000506 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426 [article] Adoptees' responses to separation from, and reunion with, their adoptive parent at age 4 years is associated with long-term persistence of autism symptoms following early severe institutional deprivation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Mark KENNEDY, Auteur ; Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Nicky KNIGHTS, Auteur ; Hanna KOVSHOFF, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Thomas G. O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur . - p.631-640. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 32-2 (May 2020) . - p.631-640 Mots-clés : Romanian adoptees  adversity  insecure other  institutional deprivation  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Institutionally deprived young children often display distinctive patterns of attachment, classified as insecure/other (INS/OTH), with their adoptive parents. The associations between INS/OTH and developmental trajectories of mental health and neurodevelopmental symptoms were examined. Age 4 attachment status was determined for 97 Romanian adoptees exposed to up to 24 months of deprivation in Romanian orphanages and 49 nondeprived UK adoptees. Autism, inattention/overactivity and disinhibited-social-engagement symptoms, emotional problems, and IQ were measured at 4, 6, 11, and 15 years and in young adulthood. Romanian adoptees with over 6 months deprivation (Rom>6) were more often classified as INS/OTH than UK and Romanian adoptees with less than 6 months deprivation combined. INS/OTH was associated with cognitive impairment at age 4 years. The interaction between deprivation, attachment status, and age for autism spectrum disorder assessment was significant, with greater symptom persistence in Rom>6 INS/OTH(+) than other groups. This effect was reduced when IQ at age 4 was controlled for. Age 4 INS/OTH in Rom>6 was associated with worse autism spectrum disorder outcomes up to two decades later. Its association with cognitive impairment at age 4 is consistent with INS/OTH being an early marker of this negative developmental trajectory, rather than its cause. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000506 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=426

Early severe institutional deprivation is associated with a persistent variant of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, developmental continuities and life circumstances in the English and Romanian Adoptees study / Mark KENNEDY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-10 (October 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1113-1125 Titre : Early severe institutional deprivation is associated with a persistent variant of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, developmental continuities and life circumstances in the English and Romanian Adoptees study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark KENNEDY, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Nicky KNIGHTS, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1113-1125 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  institutional deprivation  Romanian adoptees  adult onset  longitudinal  adversity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early-life institutional deprivation is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood and adolescence. In this article, we examine, for the first time, the persistence of deprivation-related ADHD into young adulthood in a sample of individuals adopted as young children by UK families after periods in extremely depriving Romanian orphanages. Methods We estimated rates of ADHD at age 15 years and in young adulthood (ages 22–25 years) in individuals at low (LoDep; nondeprived UK adoptees and Romanian adoptees with less than 6-month institutional exposure) and high deprivation-related risk (HiDep; Romanian adoptees with more than 6-month exposure). Estimates were based on parent report using DSM-5 childhood symptom and impairment criteria. At age 15, data were available for 108 LoDep and 86 HiDep cases, while in young adulthood, the numbers were 83 and 60, respectively. Data on education and employment status, IQ, co-occurring symptoms of young adult disinhibited social engagement (DSE), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cognitive impairment, conduct disorder (CD), callous-unemotional (CU) traits, anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) were also collected. Results ADHD rates in the LoDep group were similar to the general population in adolescence (5.6%) and adulthood (3.8%). HiDep individuals were, respectively, nearly four (19%) and over seven (29.3%) times more likely to meet criteria, than LoDep. Nine ‘onset’ young adult cases emerged, but these had a prior childhood history of elevated ADHD behaviours at ages 6, 11 and 15 years. Young adult ADHD was equally common in males and females, was predominantly inattentive in presentation and co-occurred with high levels of ASD, DSE and CU features. ADHD was associated with high unemployment and low educational attainment. Conclusion We provide the first evidence of a strong persistence into adulthood of a distinctively complex and impairing deprivation-related variant of ADHD. Our results confirm the powerful association of early experience with later development in a way that suggests a role for deep-seated alterations to brain structure and function. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295 [article] Early severe institutional deprivation is associated with a persistent variant of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, developmental continuities and life circumstances in the English and Romanian Adoptees study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark KENNEDY, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Nicky KNIGHTS, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.1113-1125. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-10 (October 2016) . - p.1113-1125 Mots-clés : Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  institutional deprivation  Romanian adoptees  adult onset  longitudinal  adversity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early-life institutional deprivation is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood and adolescence. In this article, we examine, for the first time, the persistence of deprivation-related ADHD into young adulthood in a sample of individuals adopted as young children by UK families after periods in extremely depriving Romanian orphanages. Methods We estimated rates of ADHD at age 15 years and in young adulthood (ages 22–25 years) in individuals at low (LoDep; nondeprived UK adoptees and Romanian adoptees with less than 6-month institutional exposure) and high deprivation-related risk (HiDep; Romanian adoptees with more than 6-month exposure). Estimates were based on parent report using DSM-5 childhood symptom and impairment criteria. At age 15, data were available for 108 LoDep and 86 HiDep cases, while in young adulthood, the numbers were 83 and 60, respectively. Data on education and employment status, IQ, co-occurring symptoms of young adult disinhibited social engagement (DSE), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cognitive impairment, conduct disorder (CD), callous-unemotional (CU) traits, anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) were also collected. Results ADHD rates in the LoDep group were similar to the general population in adolescence (5.6%) and adulthood (3.8%). HiDep individuals were, respectively, nearly four (19%) and over seven (29.3%) times more likely to meet criteria, than LoDep. Nine ‘onset’ young adult cases emerged, but these had a prior childhood history of elevated ADHD behaviours at ages 6, 11 and 15 years. Young adult ADHD was equally common in males and females, was predominantly inattentive in presentation and co-occurred with high levels of ASD, DSE and CU features. ADHD was associated with high unemployment and low educational attainment. Conclusion We provide the first evidence of a strong persistence into adulthood of a distinctively complex and impairing deprivation-related variant of ADHD. Our results confirm the powerful association of early experience with later development in a way that suggests a role for deep-seated alterations to brain structure and function. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=295

Linked head injury and conduct problem symptom pathways from early childhood to adolescence and their associated risks: Evidence from the millennium cohort study / Hannah R. CARR in Development and Psychopathology, 36-4 (October 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 36-4 (October 2024) . - p.1719-1727 Titre : Linked head injury and conduct problem symptom pathways from early childhood to adolescence and their associated risks: Evidence from the millennium cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah R. CARR, Auteur ; Valerie C. BRANDT, Auteur ; Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; James E. HALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1719-1727 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Birth cohort  conduct problems  head injury  latent class analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Conduct problems and head injuries increase the risk of delinquency and share a bidirectional association. However, how they link across development is unknown. The present study aimed to identify their linked developmental pathways and associated risk factors. Latent class analysis was modeled from Millennium Cohort Study data (n = 8,600) to identify linked pathways of conduct problem symptoms and head injuries. Head injuries were parent-reported from ages 3 to 14 and conduct problems from ages 3 to 17 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multinomial logistic regression then identified various risk factors associated with pathway membership. Four distinct pathways were identified. Most participants displayed low-level conduct problem symptoms and head injuries (n = 6,422; 74.7%). Three groups were characterized by clinically relevant levels of conduct problem symptoms and high-risk head injuries in childhood (n = 1,422; 16.5%), adolescence (n = 567; 6.6%), or persistent across development (n = 189; 2.2%). These clinically relevant pathways were associated with negative maternal parenting styles. These findings demonstrate how pathways of conduct problem symptoms are uniquely linked with distinct head injury pathways. Suggestions for general preventative intervention targets include early maternal negative parenting styles. Pathway-specific interventions are also required targeting cumulative risk at different ecological levels. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423001062 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=539 [article] Linked head injury and conduct problem symptom pathways from early childhood to adolescence and their associated risks: Evidence from the millennium cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah R. CARR, Auteur ; Valerie C. BRANDT, Auteur ; Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; James E. HALL, Auteur . - p.1719-1727. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 36-4 (October 2024) . - p.1719-1727 Mots-clés : Birth cohort  conduct problems  head injury  latent class analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Conduct problems and head injuries increase the risk of delinquency and share a bidirectional association. However, how they link across development is unknown. The present study aimed to identify their linked developmental pathways and associated risk factors. Latent class analysis was modeled from Millennium Cohort Study data (n = 8,600) to identify linked pathways of conduct problem symptoms and head injuries. Head injuries were parent-reported from ages 3 to 14 and conduct problems from ages 3 to 17 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multinomial logistic regression then identified various risk factors associated with pathway membership. Four distinct pathways were identified. Most participants displayed low-level conduct problem symptoms and head injuries (n = 6,422; 74.7%). Three groups were characterized by clinically relevant levels of conduct problem symptoms and high-risk head injuries in childhood (n = 1,422; 16.5%), adolescence (n = 567; 6.6%), or persistent across development (n = 189; 2.2%). These clinically relevant pathways were associated with negative maternal parenting styles. These findings demonstrate how pathways of conduct problem symptoms are uniquely linked with distinct head injury pathways. Suggestions for general preventative intervention targets include early maternal negative parenting styles. Pathway-specific interventions are also required targeting cumulative risk at different ecological levels. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423001062 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=539

The longitudinal association between infant negative emotionality, childhood maltreatment, and ADHD symptoms: A secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study / Dennis GOLM in Development and Psychopathology, 36-3 (August 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 36-3 (August 2024) . - p.1231-1238 Titre : The longitudinal association between infant negative emotionality, childhood maltreatment, and ADHD symptoms: A secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Valerie BRANDT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1231-1238 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  Childhood maltreatment  infant temperament  negative emotionality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:Infant temperament predicts harsh parenting, and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Moreover, childhood maltreatment has consistently been associated with later ADHD symptoms. We hypothesized that infant negative emotionality predicted both ADHD symptoms and maltreatment, and that there was a bidirectional association between maltreatment experiences and ADHD symptoms.Methods:The study used secondary data from the longitudinal Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2860). A structural equation model was conducted, using maximum likelihood with robust standard errors. Infant negative emotionality acted as a predictor. Outcome variables were childhood maltreatment and ADHD symptoms at ages 5 and 9.Results:The model demonstrated good fit (root-mean-square error of approximation = .02, comparative fit index = .99, Tucker-Lewis index = .96). Infant negative emotionality positively predicted childhood maltreatment at ages 5 and 9, and ADHD symptoms at age 5. Age 5 maltreatment/ADHD symptoms predicted age 9 ADHD symptoms/maltreatment. Additionally, both childhood maltreatment and ADHD symptoms at age 5 mediated the association between negative emotionality and childhood maltreatment/ADHD symptoms at age 9.Conclusions:Given the bidirectional relationship between ADHD and experiences of maltreatment, it is vital to identify early shared risk factors to prevent negative downstream effects and support families at risk. Our study showed that infant negative emotionality, poses one of these risk factors. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000457 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538 [article] The longitudinal association between infant negative emotionality, childhood maltreatment, and ADHD symptoms: A secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Valerie BRANDT, Auteur . - p.1231-1238. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 36-3 (August 2024) . - p.1231-1238 Mots-clés : ADHD  Childhood maltreatment  infant temperament  negative emotionality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:Infant temperament predicts harsh parenting, and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Moreover, childhood maltreatment has consistently been associated with later ADHD symptoms. We hypothesized that infant negative emotionality predicted both ADHD symptoms and maltreatment, and that there was a bidirectional association between maltreatment experiences and ADHD symptoms.Methods:The study used secondary data from the longitudinal Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2860). A structural equation model was conducted, using maximum likelihood with robust standard errors. Infant negative emotionality acted as a predictor. Outcome variables were childhood maltreatment and ADHD symptoms at ages 5 and 9.Results:The model demonstrated good fit (root-mean-square error of approximation = .02, comparative fit index = .99, Tucker-Lewis index = .96). Infant negative emotionality positively predicted childhood maltreatment at ages 5 and 9, and ADHD symptoms at age 5. Age 5 maltreatment/ADHD symptoms predicted age 9 ADHD symptoms/maltreatment. Additionally, both childhood maltreatment and ADHD symptoms at age 5 mediated the association between negative emotionality and childhood maltreatment/ADHD symptoms at age 9.Conclusions:Given the bidirectional relationship between ADHD and experiences of maltreatment, it is vital to identify early shared risk factors to prevent negative downstream effects and support families at risk. Our study showed that infant negative emotionality, poses one of these risk factors. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579423000457 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538

Why does early childhood deprivation increase the risk for depression and anxiety in adulthood? A developmental cascade model / Dennis GOLM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-9 (September 2020) . - p.1043-1053 Titre : Why does early childhood deprivation increase the risk for depression and anxiety in adulthood? A developmental cascade model Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Jonathan HILL, Auteur ; Mark KENNEDY, Auteur ; Nicky KNIGHTS, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1043-1053 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Institutional deprivation  anxiety  depression  developmental cascades  emotional problems  longitudinal  natural experiment  neurodevelopmental problems  prospective Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Using data from the English & Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study, we recently reported that early time-limited exposure to severe institutional deprivation is associated with early-onset and persistent neurodevelopmental problems and later-onset emotional problems. Here, we examine possible reasons for the late emergence of emotional problems in this cohort. Our main focus is on testing a developmental cascade mediated via the functional impact of early-appearing neurodevelopmental problems on late adolescent functioning. We also explore a second putative pathway via sensitization to stress. METHODS: The ERA study includes 165 Romanian individuals who spent their early lives in grossly depriving institutions and were subsequently adopted into UK families, along with 52 UK adoptees with no history of deprivation. Age six years symptoms of neurodevelopmental problems and age 15 anxiety/depression symptoms were assessed via parental reports. Young adult symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by both parent and self-reports; young adults also completed measures of stress reactivity, exposure to adverse life events, and functioning in work and interpersonal relationships. RESULTS: The path between early institutional deprivation and adult emotional problems was mediated via the impact of early neurodevelopmental problems on unemployment and poor friendship functioning during the transition to adulthood. The findings with regard to early deprivation, later life stress reactivity, and emotional problems were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that the risk for adult depression and anxiety following extreme institutional deprivation is explained through the effects of early neurodevelopmental problems on later social and vocational functioning. Future research should more fully examine the role of stress susceptibility in this model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13205 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430 [article] Why does early childhood deprivation increase the risk for depression and anxiety in adulthood? A developmental cascade model [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dennis GOLM, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Jonathan HILL, Auteur ; Mark KENNEDY, Auteur ; Nicky KNIGHTS, Auteur ; Jana KREPPNER, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Wolff SCHLOTZ, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur . - p.1043-1053. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-9 (September 2020) . - p.1043-1053 Mots-clés : Institutional deprivation  anxiety  depression  developmental cascades  emotional problems  longitudinal  natural experiment  neurodevelopmental problems  prospective Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Using data from the English & Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study, we recently reported that early time-limited exposure to severe institutional deprivation is associated with early-onset and persistent neurodevelopmental problems and later-onset emotional problems. Here, we examine possible reasons for the late emergence of emotional problems in this cohort. Our main focus is on testing a developmental cascade mediated via the functional impact of early-appearing neurodevelopmental problems on late adolescent functioning. We also explore a second putative pathway via sensitization to stress. METHODS: The ERA study includes 165 Romanian individuals who spent their early lives in grossly depriving institutions and were subsequently adopted into UK families, along with 52 UK adoptees with no history of deprivation. Age six years symptoms of neurodevelopmental problems and age 15 anxiety/depression symptoms were assessed via parental reports. Young adult symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by both parent and self-reports; young adults also completed measures of stress reactivity, exposure to adverse life events, and functioning in work and interpersonal relationships. RESULTS: The path between early institutional deprivation and adult emotional problems was mediated via the impact of early neurodevelopmental problems on unemployment and poor friendship functioning during the transition to adulthood. The findings with regard to early deprivation, later life stress reactivity, and emotional problems were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that the risk for adult depression and anxiety following extreme institutional deprivation is explained through the effects of early neurodevelopmental problems on later social and vocational functioning. Future research should more fully examine the role of stress susceptibility in this model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13205 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430

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