Amygdala Volume Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Related to Anxiety / J. D. HERRINGTON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-12 (December 2017) . - p.3682-3691 Titre : Amygdala Volume Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Related to Anxiety Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; B. B. MADDOX, Auteur ; Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; K. RUMP, Auteur ; J. A. WORLEY, Auteur ; J. C. BUSH, Auteur ; A. J. MCVEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; J. S. MILLER, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p.3682-3691 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Amygdala  Anxiety disorders  Brain morphometry  Comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies suggest that longstanding findings of abnormal amygdala morphology in ASD may be related to symptoms of anxiety. To test this hypothesis, fifty-three children with ASD (mean age = 11.9) underwent structural MRI and were divided into subgroups to compare those with at least one anxiety disorder diagnosis (n = 29) to those without (n = 24) and to a typically developing control group (TDC; n = 37). Groups were matched on age and intellectual level. The ASD and anxiety group showed decreased right amygdala volume (controlled for total brain volume) relative to ASD without anxiety (p = .04) and TDCs (p = .068). Results suggest that youth with ASD and co-occurring anxiety have a distinct neurodevelopmental trajectory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3206-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=325 [article] Amygdala Volume Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Related to Anxiety [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; B. B. MADDOX, Auteur ; Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; K. RUMP, Auteur ; J. A. WORLEY, Auteur ; J. C. BUSH, Auteur ; A. J. MCVEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; J. S. MILLER, Auteur . - 2017 . - p.3682-3691. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-12 (December 2017) . - p.3682-3691 Mots-clés : Amygdala  Anxiety disorders  Brain morphometry  Comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies suggest that longstanding findings of abnormal amygdala morphology in ASD may be related to symptoms of anxiety. To test this hypothesis, fifty-three children with ASD (mean age = 11.9) underwent structural MRI and were divided into subgroups to compare those with at least one anxiety disorder diagnosis (n = 29) to those without (n = 24) and to a typically developing control group (TDC; n = 37). Groups were matched on age and intellectual level. The ASD and anxiety group showed decreased right amygdala volume (controlled for total brain volume) relative to ASD without anxiety (p = .04) and TDCs (p = .068). Results suggest that youth with ASD and co-occurring anxiety have a distinct neurodevelopmental trajectory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3206-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=325

Arterial spin labeling provides a reliable neurobiological marker of autism spectrum disorder / B. E. YERYS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10-1 (December 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - 32 p. Titre : Arterial spin labeling provides a reliable neurobiological marker of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. E. YERYS, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; G. K. BARTLEY, Auteur ; H. S. LIU, Auteur ; J. A. DETRE, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : 32 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Blood flow  Faces  Mri  Social cognition  Social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Research on neurobiological markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been elusive. However, radionuclide studies of cerebral blood flow (CBF) have shown decreased blood flow (hypoperfusion) in the temporal lobes of individuals with ASD across ages and intelligence. This observation fits with current neuroscientific models that implicate temporal regions in social perception and social cognition. Arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI allows noninvasive quantification of regional CBF as part of a multimodal MRI protocol. This method is almost entirely absent from ASD research to date. Our a priori hypothesis was that children with ASD would present with hypoperfusion in the temporal lobes-most notably the fusiform gyrus (given its prominent role in ASD social perception deficits). We also sought to examine the reproducibility of CBF measures, and their relationship to individual differences in facial recognition and ASD symptoms. METHODS: A total of 58 males (33 with ASD) between the ages of 12 and 17 years participated in the study. All children completed two arterial spin labeling and structural (T1) scans using a 3 T Siemens Verio scanner approximately 8 weeks apart, as well as behavioral testing at time 1 that included diagnostic measures and the Benton Facial Recognition Test. CBF was the key dependent variable, as was facial recognition performance, and ASD symptoms. The two scans were used for reliability analyses. RESULTS: The ASD group showed hypoperfusion in the bilateral fusiform gyrus and in right inferior temporal gyrus. Intra-class correlations showed moderate to good reliability across time within both groups, and no diagnostic group x time interactions. CBF in the left fusiform gyrus was significantly positively correlated with facial recognition. No significant correlations were observed with core ASD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial spin labeling revealed hypoperfusion in children with ASD in regions critical to social perception and cognition. The left fusiform gyrus plays an important role in facial recognition, and greater CBF in this region was correlated with more normative facial recognition performance in children with ASD. This study takes an important first step in establishing CBF of the temporal lobes as a reliable marker of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9250-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386 [article] Arterial spin labeling provides a reliable neurobiological marker of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. E. YERYS, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; G. K. BARTLEY, Auteur ; H. S. LIU, Auteur ; J. A. DETRE, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur . - 2018 . - 32 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - 32 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Blood flow  Faces  Mri  Social cognition  Social perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Research on neurobiological markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been elusive. However, radionuclide studies of cerebral blood flow (CBF) have shown decreased blood flow (hypoperfusion) in the temporal lobes of individuals with ASD across ages and intelligence. This observation fits with current neuroscientific models that implicate temporal regions in social perception and social cognition. Arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI allows noninvasive quantification of regional CBF as part of a multimodal MRI protocol. This method is almost entirely absent from ASD research to date. Our a priori hypothesis was that children with ASD would present with hypoperfusion in the temporal lobes-most notably the fusiform gyrus (given its prominent role in ASD social perception deficits). We also sought to examine the reproducibility of CBF measures, and their relationship to individual differences in facial recognition and ASD symptoms. METHODS: A total of 58 males (33 with ASD) between the ages of 12 and 17 years participated in the study. All children completed two arterial spin labeling and structural (T1) scans using a 3 T Siemens Verio scanner approximately 8 weeks apart, as well as behavioral testing at time 1 that included diagnostic measures and the Benton Facial Recognition Test. CBF was the key dependent variable, as was facial recognition performance, and ASD symptoms. The two scans were used for reliability analyses. RESULTS: The ASD group showed hypoperfusion in the bilateral fusiform gyrus and in right inferior temporal gyrus. Intra-class correlations showed moderate to good reliability across time within both groups, and no diagnostic group x time interactions. CBF in the left fusiform gyrus was significantly positively correlated with facial recognition. No significant correlations were observed with core ASD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial spin labeling revealed hypoperfusion in children with ASD in regions critical to social perception and cognition. The left fusiform gyrus plays an important role in facial recognition, and greater CBF in this region was correlated with more normative facial recognition performance in children with ASD. This study takes an important first step in establishing CBF of the temporal lobes as a reliable marker of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9250-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=386

Evaluating commercially available wireless cardiovascular monitors for measuring and transmitting real-time physiological responses in children with autism / H. J. NUSKE in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.117-130 Titre : Evaluating commercially available wireless cardiovascular monitors for measuring and transmitting real-time physiological responses in children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; M. S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; Y. KUSHLEYEVA, Auteur ; D. FORSYTH, Auteur ; J. W. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; A. J. MASINO, Auteur ; E. FINKEL, Auteur ; Arjun BHATTACHARYA, Auteur ; J. TAN, Auteur ; H. TAI, Auteur ; Z. ATKINSON-DIAZ, Auteur ; C. P. BONAFIDE, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.117-130 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Fitness Trackers  Heart Rate  Humans  Wearable Electronic Devices  cardiovascular system  feasibility studies  heart rate  physiologic monitoring  physiological stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Commercially available wearable biosensors have the potential to enhance psychophysiology research and digital health technologies for autism by enabling stress or arousal monitoring in naturalistic settings. However, such monitors may not be comfortable for children with autism due to sensory sensitivities. To determine the feasibility of wearable technology in children with autism age 8-12?years, we first selected six consumer-grade wireless cardiovascular monitors and tested them during rest and movement conditions in 23 typically developing adults. Subsequently, the best performing monitors (based on data quality robustness statistics), Polar and Mio Fuse, were evaluated in 32 children with autism and 23 typically developing children during a 2-h session, including rest and mild stress-inducing tasks. Cardiovascular data were recorded simultaneously across monitors using custom software. We administered the Comfort Rating Scales to children. Although the Polar monitor was less comfortable for children with autism than typically developing children, absolute scores demonstrated that, on average, all children found each monitor comfortable. For most children, data from the Mio Fuse (96%-100%) and Polar (83%-96%) passed quality thresholds of data robustness. Moreover, in the stress relative to rest condition, heart rate increased for the Polar, F(1,53) = 135.70, p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2633 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Evaluating commercially available wireless cardiovascular monitors for measuring and transmitting real-time physiological responses in children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; M. S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; Y. KUSHLEYEVA, Auteur ; D. FORSYTH, Auteur ; J. W. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; A. J. MASINO, Auteur ; E. FINKEL, Auteur ; Arjun BHATTACHARYA, Auteur ; J. TAN, Auteur ; H. TAI, Auteur ; Z. ATKINSON-DIAZ, Auteur ; C. P. BONAFIDE, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur . - p.117-130. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.117-130 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Fitness Trackers  Heart Rate  Humans  Wearable Electronic Devices  cardiovascular system  feasibility studies  heart rate  physiologic monitoring  physiological stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Commercially available wearable biosensors have the potential to enhance psychophysiology research and digital health technologies for autism by enabling stress or arousal monitoring in naturalistic settings. However, such monitors may not be comfortable for children with autism due to sensory sensitivities. To determine the feasibility of wearable technology in children with autism age 8-12?years, we first selected six consumer-grade wireless cardiovascular monitors and tested them during rest and movement conditions in 23 typically developing adults. Subsequently, the best performing monitors (based on data quality robustness statistics), Polar and Mio Fuse, were evaluated in 32 children with autism and 23 typically developing children during a 2-h session, including rest and mild stress-inducing tasks. Cardiovascular data were recorded simultaneously across monitors using custom software. We administered the Comfort Rating Scales to children. Although the Polar monitor was less comfortable for children with autism than typically developing children, absolute scores demonstrated that, on average, all children found each monitor comfortable. For most children, data from the Mio Fuse (96%-100%) and Polar (83%-96%) passed quality thresholds of data robustness. Moreover, in the stress relative to rest condition, heart rate increased for the Polar, F(1,53) = 135.70, p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2633 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Globally weaker and topologically different: resting-state connectivity in youth with autism / B. E. YERYS in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 39p. Titre : Globally weaker and topologically different: resting-state connectivity in youth with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. E. YERYS, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; Theodore D. SATTERTHWAITE, Auteur ; L. GUY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; D. S. BASSETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : 39p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism spectrum disorder  Children  Intrinsic networks  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is a lack of agreement about functional connectivity differences in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies using absolute strength have found reduced connectivity, while those using relative strength--a measure of system topology--reveal mostly enhanced connectivity. We hypothesized that mixed findings may be driven by the metric of functional connectivity. METHODS: Resting-state echo planar 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired on a Siemens Verio Scanner from 6 to 17-year-old youth with ASD (n = 81) and a matched typically developing control group (n = 82). All functional time series data were preprocessed using a confound regression procedure that has been previously validated in large-scale developmental datasets. It has also been shown to be highly effective at reducing the influence of motion artifact on connectivity data. We extracted time series data from a 333-node parcellation scheme, which was previously mapped to 13 functional systems. A Pearson's correlation was calculated and transformed to Fisher's z between every pair of nodes to create a weighted 333 x 333 adjacency matrix. Mean absolute functional connectivity strength was the mean Fisher's z of the matrix. Relative functional connectivity was corrected for individual differences in mean absolute functional connectivity (i.e., each connection in the matrix was divided by their mean z), and functional connectivity was evaluated within and across each of the functional networks in the parcellation scheme. RESULTS: Absolute functional connectivity strength was lower in ASD, and lower functional connectivity was correlated with greater ASD symptom severity. Relative functional connectivity was higher for the ASD group in the ventral attention and retrosplenial-temporal systems, with lower cross-system functional connectivity between the ventral attention and somatomotor-mouth systems. Functional connectivity within the ventral attention and retro-splenial systems correlated significantly with ASD symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: Within a context of globally weaker functional connectivity, youth with ASD have an atypical topology of brain systems that support social perception and communication. This study clarifies the mixed results reported previously and demonstrates that the functional connectivity metric influences the observed direction of functional connectivity differences for individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0156-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331 [article] Globally weaker and topologically different: resting-state connectivity in youth with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. E. YERYS, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; Theodore D. SATTERTHWAITE, Auteur ; L. GUY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; D. S. BASSETT, Auteur . - 39p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 39p. Mots-clés : Attention  Autism spectrum disorder  Children  Intrinsic networks  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There is a lack of agreement about functional connectivity differences in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies using absolute strength have found reduced connectivity, while those using relative strength--a measure of system topology--reveal mostly enhanced connectivity. We hypothesized that mixed findings may be driven by the metric of functional connectivity. METHODS: Resting-state echo planar 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired on a Siemens Verio Scanner from 6 to 17-year-old youth with ASD (n = 81) and a matched typically developing control group (n = 82). All functional time series data were preprocessed using a confound regression procedure that has been previously validated in large-scale developmental datasets. It has also been shown to be highly effective at reducing the influence of motion artifact on connectivity data. We extracted time series data from a 333-node parcellation scheme, which was previously mapped to 13 functional systems. A Pearson's correlation was calculated and transformed to Fisher's z between every pair of nodes to create a weighted 333 x 333 adjacency matrix. Mean absolute functional connectivity strength was the mean Fisher's z of the matrix. Relative functional connectivity was corrected for individual differences in mean absolute functional connectivity (i.e., each connection in the matrix was divided by their mean z), and functional connectivity was evaluated within and across each of the functional networks in the parcellation scheme. RESULTS: Absolute functional connectivity strength was lower in ASD, and lower functional connectivity was correlated with greater ASD symptom severity. Relative functional connectivity was higher for the ASD group in the ventral attention and retrosplenial-temporal systems, with lower cross-system functional connectivity between the ventral attention and somatomotor-mouth systems. Functional connectivity within the ventral attention and retro-splenial systems correlated significantly with ASD symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: Within a context of globally weaker functional connectivity, youth with ASD have an atypical topology of brain systems that support social perception and communication. This study clarifies the mixed results reported previously and demonstrates that the functional connectivity metric influences the observed direction of functional connectivity differences for individuals with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0156-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331

Linguistic camouflage in girls with autism spectrum disorder / Julia PARISH-MORRIS in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 48p. Titre : Linguistic camouflage in girls with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; M. Y. LIBERMAN, Auteur ; C. CIERI, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; B. E. YERYS, Auteur ; Leila BATEMAN, Auteur ; J. DONAHER, Auteur ; E. FERGUSON, Auteur ; J. PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : 48p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Disfluency  Filled pauses  Gender differences  Language  Linguistic camouflage  Pragmatic communication  Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed more frequently in boys than girls, even when girls are equally symptomatic. Cutting-edge behavioral imaging has detected "camouflaging" in girls with ASD, wherein social behaviors appear superficially typical, complicating diagnosis. The present study explores a new kind of camouflage based on language differences. Pauses during conversation can be filled with words like UM or UH, but research suggests that these two words are pragmatically distinct (e.g., UM is used to signal longer pauses, and may correlate with greater social communicative sophistication than UH). Large-scale research suggests that women and younger people produce higher rates of UM during conversational pauses than do men and older people, who produce relatively more UH. Although it has been argued that children and adolescents with ASD use UM less often than typical peers, prior research has not included sufficient numbers of girls to examine whether sex explains this effect. Here, we explore UM vs. UH in school-aged boys and girls with ASD, and ask whether filled pauses relate to dimensional measures of autism symptom severity. METHODS: Sixty-five verbal school-aged participants with ASD (49 boys, 16 girls, IQ estimates in the average range) participated, along with a small comparison group of typically developing children (8 boys, 9 girls). Speech samples from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule were orthographically transcribed and time-aligned, with filled pauses marked. Parents completed the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. RESULTS: Girls used UH less often than boys across both diagnostic groups. UH suppression resulted in higher UM ratios for girls than boys, and overall filled pause rates were higher for typical children than for children with ASD. Higher UM ratios correlated with better socialization in boys with ASD, but this effect was driven by increased use of UH by boys with greater symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Pragmatic language markers distinguish girls and boys with ASD, mirroring sex differences in the general population. One implication of this finding is that typical-sounding disfluency patterns (i.e., reduced relative UH production leading to higher UM ratios) may normalize the way girls with ASD sound relative to other children, serving as "linguistic camouflage" for a naive listener and distinguishing them from boys with ASD. This first-of-its-kind study highlights the importance of continued commitment to understanding how sex and gender change the way that ASD manifests, and illustrates the potential of natural language to contribute to objective "behavioral imaging" diagnostics for ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0164-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 [article] Linguistic camouflage in girls with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; M. Y. LIBERMAN, Auteur ; C. CIERI, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; B. E. YERYS, Auteur ; Leila BATEMAN, Auteur ; J. DONAHER, Auteur ; E. FERGUSON, Auteur ; J. PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur . - 48p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 48p. Mots-clés : Autism  Disfluency  Filled pauses  Gender differences  Language  Linguistic camouflage  Pragmatic communication  Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed more frequently in boys than girls, even when girls are equally symptomatic. Cutting-edge behavioral imaging has detected "camouflaging" in girls with ASD, wherein social behaviors appear superficially typical, complicating diagnosis. The present study explores a new kind of camouflage based on language differences. Pauses during conversation can be filled with words like UM or UH, but research suggests that these two words are pragmatically distinct (e.g., UM is used to signal longer pauses, and may correlate with greater social communicative sophistication than UH). Large-scale research suggests that women and younger people produce higher rates of UM during conversational pauses than do men and older people, who produce relatively more UH. Although it has been argued that children and adolescents with ASD use UM less often than typical peers, prior research has not included sufficient numbers of girls to examine whether sex explains this effect. Here, we explore UM vs. UH in school-aged boys and girls with ASD, and ask whether filled pauses relate to dimensional measures of autism symptom severity. METHODS: Sixty-five verbal school-aged participants with ASD (49 boys, 16 girls, IQ estimates in the average range) participated, along with a small comparison group of typically developing children (8 boys, 9 girls). Speech samples from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule were orthographically transcribed and time-aligned, with filled pauses marked. Parents completed the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. RESULTS: Girls used UH less often than boys across both diagnostic groups. UH suppression resulted in higher UM ratios for girls than boys, and overall filled pause rates were higher for typical children than for children with ASD. Higher UM ratios correlated with better socialization in boys with ASD, but this effect was driven by increased use of UH by boys with greater symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Pragmatic language markers distinguish girls and boys with ASD, mirroring sex differences in the general population. One implication of this finding is that typical-sounding disfluency patterns (i.e., reduced relative UH production leading to higher UM ratios) may normalize the way girls with ASD sound relative to other children, serving as "linguistic camouflage" for a naive listener and distinguishing them from boys with ASD. This first-of-its-kind study highlights the importance of continued commitment to understanding how sex and gender change the way that ASD manifests, and illustrates the potential of natural language to contribute to objective "behavioral imaging" diagnostics for ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0164-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330

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