Dépouillements

Autism as emergent: Comments on Mottron 2021 / J. M. GREEN in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.11 Titre : Autism as emergent: Comments on Mottron 2021 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. M. GREEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.11 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2632 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Autism as emergent: Comments on Mottron 2021 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. M. GREEN, Auteur . - p.11. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.11 Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2632 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

A systematic review on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies / E. HAN in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.12-26 Titre : A systematic review on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. HAN, Auteur ; K. SCIOR, Auteur ; K. AVRAMIDES, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.12-26 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Social Stigma  Stereotyping  autism  coping strategies  lived experience  self-stigma  stigma  systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism can be understood as a concealable stigmatized identity. This is the first systematic review to synthesize the literature on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies. 2877 studies were screened and 27 were included in this review. The reviewed literature demonstrates that autistic individuals are acutely aware of being stereotyped, judged, and discriminated by others. Autistic people also show signs of internalizing stigma, rendering them more vulnerable to low self-worth and poorer mental health. To manage the impact of stigma, the included studies suggest that autistic individuals may use these strategies: concealment and camouflaging, selective disclosure and self-advocacy, as well as positive reframing and reconstructing identity. However, the evidence is limited and mixed in terms of how helpful and effective these strategies are. Future studies should include autistic populations with a wider range of intellectual abilities and explore interventions that can support autistic people in managing stigma to supplement interventions that seek to reduce stigma towards autistic people. The power of language in perpetuating and challenging stigma also has important implications for research and practice, underscoring the need for researchers and practitioners to reflect carefully on the messages they are communicating about autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] A systematic review on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. HAN, Auteur ; K. SCIOR, Auteur ; K. AVRAMIDES, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur . - p.12-26. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.12-26 Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Social Stigma  Stereotyping  autism  coping strategies  lived experience  self-stigma  stigma  systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism can be understood as a concealable stigmatized identity. This is the first systematic review to synthesize the literature on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies. 2877 studies were screened and 27 were included in this review. The reviewed literature demonstrates that autistic individuals are acutely aware of being stereotyped, judged, and discriminated by others. Autistic people also show signs of internalizing stigma, rendering them more vulnerable to low self-worth and poorer mental health. To manage the impact of stigma, the included studies suggest that autistic individuals may use these strategies: concealment and camouflaging, selective disclosure and self-advocacy, as well as positive reframing and reconstructing identity. However, the evidence is limited and mixed in terms of how helpful and effective these strategies are. Future studies should include autistic populations with a wider range of intellectual abilities and explore interventions that can support autistic people in managing stigma to supplement interventions that seek to reduce stigma towards autistic people. The power of language in perpetuating and challenging stigma also has important implications for research and practice, underscoring the need for researchers and practitioners to reflect carefully on the messages they are communicating about autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Duloxetine ameliorates valproic acid-induced hyperactivity, anxiety-like behavior, and social interaction deficits in zebrafish / T. P. JOSEPH in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.27-41 Titre : Duloxetine ameliorates valproic acid-induced hyperactivity, anxiety-like behavior, and social interaction deficits in zebrafish Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. P. JOSEPH, Auteur ; F. ZHOU, Auteur ; L. Y. SAI, Auteur ; H. CHEN, Auteur ; S. L. LIN, Auteur ; M. SCHACHNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.27-41 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals  Anxiety/chemically induced/drug therapy  Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy  Behavior, Animal  Disease Models, Animal  Duloxetine Hydrochloride  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  Social Behavior  Social Interaction  Valproic Acid  Zebrafish  L1cam  autism spectrum disorder  duloxetine  social preference  valproic acid  zebrafish Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Syndromic autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. Currently available therapeutic agents against ASD have limited efficacy. Thus, searching for novel and effective drugs ameliorating core symptoms, in particular social deficits, is of utmost importance. Duloxetine (DLX), an antidepressant that has been identified as an agonist mimetic for the cell adhesion molecule L1, exhibits beneficial functions in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the rapid and persistent neuroprotective function of DLX following valproic acid (VPA)-triggered hyperactivity, anxiety-like behavior and social deficits in zebrafish. Embryonic exposure to VPA reduced survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner, delayed hatching, and also resulted in a significant number of malformed larvae. After initial dose-response experiments in zebrafish larvae, 10 ?M VPA exposure between 0.33 and 4.5?days post fertilization (dpf) was identified as an effective concentration that led to an early and persistent ASD-like phenotype in zebrafish. ASD-like elevated acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and reduced Akt-mTOR signaling was observed in zebrafish whole brain. Acute administration of DLX (4.5-6 dpf) reduced the VPA-induced ASD-like phenotype in zebrafish larvae. Additionally, such early-life acute DLX treatment had long-term effects in ameliorating social impairments, hyperactivity, and anxiety-like behaviors through adulthood. This was accompanied by reduced AChE activity and by normalized Akt-mTOR signaling. Overall, DLX treatment showed a long-term therapeutic effect on autistic-like behaviors, and alteration of AChE activity and Akt-mTOR signaling were identified as crucial in the VPA-induced ASD zebrafish model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2620 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Duloxetine ameliorates valproic acid-induced hyperactivity, anxiety-like behavior, and social interaction deficits in zebrafish [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. P. JOSEPH, Auteur ; F. ZHOU, Auteur ; L. Y. SAI, Auteur ; H. CHEN, Auteur ; S. L. LIN, Auteur ; M. SCHACHNER, Auteur . - p.27-41. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.27-41 Mots-clés : Animals  Anxiety/chemically induced/drug therapy  Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy  Behavior, Animal  Disease Models, Animal  Duloxetine Hydrochloride  Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects  Social Behavior  Social Interaction  Valproic Acid  Zebrafish  L1cam  autism spectrum disorder  duloxetine  social preference  valproic acid  zebrafish Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Syndromic autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. Currently available therapeutic agents against ASD have limited efficacy. Thus, searching for novel and effective drugs ameliorating core symptoms, in particular social deficits, is of utmost importance. Duloxetine (DLX), an antidepressant that has been identified as an agonist mimetic for the cell adhesion molecule L1, exhibits beneficial functions in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the rapid and persistent neuroprotective function of DLX following valproic acid (VPA)-triggered hyperactivity, anxiety-like behavior and social deficits in zebrafish. Embryonic exposure to VPA reduced survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner, delayed hatching, and also resulted in a significant number of malformed larvae. After initial dose-response experiments in zebrafish larvae, 10 ?M VPA exposure between 0.33 and 4.5?days post fertilization (dpf) was identified as an effective concentration that led to an early and persistent ASD-like phenotype in zebrafish. ASD-like elevated acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and reduced Akt-mTOR signaling was observed in zebrafish whole brain. Acute administration of DLX (4.5-6 dpf) reduced the VPA-induced ASD-like phenotype in zebrafish larvae. Additionally, such early-life acute DLX treatment had long-term effects in ameliorating social impairments, hyperactivity, and anxiety-like behaviors through adulthood. This was accompanied by reduced AChE activity and by normalized Akt-mTOR signaling. Overall, DLX treatment showed a long-term therapeutic effect on autistic-like behaviors, and alteration of AChE activity and Akt-mTOR signaling were identified as crucial in the VPA-induced ASD zebrafish model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2620 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Dissecting the heterogeneous subcortical brain volume of autism spectrum disorder using community detection / T. LI in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.42-55 Titre : Dissecting the heterogeneous subcortical brain volume of autism spectrum disorder using community detection Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. LI, Auteur ; M. HOOGMAN, Auteur ; N. ROTH MOTA, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; A. A. VASQUEZ, Auteur ; B. FRANKE, Auteur ; D. VAN ROOIJ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.42-55 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Case-Control Studies  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Neuroimaging  Asd  community detection  neuroanatomical heterogeneity  subcortical volume Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Structural brain alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are heterogeneous, with limited effect sizes overall. In this study, we aimed to identify subgroups in ASD, based on neuroanatomical profiles; we hypothesized that the effect sizes for case/control differences would be increased in the newly defined subgroups. Analyzing a large data set from the ENIGMA-ASD working group (n =?2661), we applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to seven subcortical volumes of individuals with and without ASD to uncover the underlying organization of subcortical structures. Based on earlier findings and data availability, we focused on three age groups: boys (<=14?years), male adolescents (15-22?years), and adult men (> = 22?years). The resulting factor scores were used in a community detection (CD) analysis to cluster participants into subgroups. Three factors were found in each subsample; the factor structure in adult men differed from that in boys and male adolescents. From these factors, CD uncovered four distinct communities in boys and three communities in adolescents and adult men, irrespective of ASD diagnosis. The effect sizes for case/control comparisons were more pronounced than in the combined sample, for some communities. A significant group difference in ADOS scores between communities was observed in boys and male adolescents with ASD. We succeeded in stratifying participants into more homogeneous subgroups based on subcortical brain volumes. This stratification enhanced our ability to observe case/control differences in subcortical brain volumes in ASD, and may help to explain the heterogeneity of previous findings in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Structural brain alterations in ASD are heterogeneous, with overall limited effect sizes. Here we aimed to identify subgroups in ASD based on neuroimaging measures. We tested whether the effect sizes for case/control differences would be increased in the newly defined subgroups. Based on neuroanatomical profiles, we succeeded in stratifying our participants into more homogeneous subgroups. The effect sizes of case/control differences were more pronounced in some subgroups than those in the whole sample. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2627 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Dissecting the heterogeneous subcortical brain volume of autism spectrum disorder using community detection [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. LI, Auteur ; M. HOOGMAN, Auteur ; N. ROTH MOTA, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; A. A. VASQUEZ, Auteur ; B. FRANKE, Auteur ; D. VAN ROOIJ, Auteur . - p.42-55. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.42-55 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Case-Control Studies  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Male  Neuroimaging  Asd  community detection  neuroanatomical heterogeneity  subcortical volume Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Structural brain alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are heterogeneous, with limited effect sizes overall. In this study, we aimed to identify subgroups in ASD, based on neuroanatomical profiles; we hypothesized that the effect sizes for case/control differences would be increased in the newly defined subgroups. Analyzing a large data set from the ENIGMA-ASD working group (n =?2661), we applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to seven subcortical volumes of individuals with and without ASD to uncover the underlying organization of subcortical structures. Based on earlier findings and data availability, we focused on three age groups: boys (<=14?years), male adolescents (15-22?years), and adult men (> = 22?years). The resulting factor scores were used in a community detection (CD) analysis to cluster participants into subgroups. Three factors were found in each subsample; the factor structure in adult men differed from that in boys and male adolescents. From these factors, CD uncovered four distinct communities in boys and three communities in adolescents and adult men, irrespective of ASD diagnosis. The effect sizes for case/control comparisons were more pronounced than in the combined sample, for some communities. A significant group difference in ADOS scores between communities was observed in boys and male adolescents with ASD. We succeeded in stratifying participants into more homogeneous subgroups based on subcortical brain volumes. This stratification enhanced our ability to observe case/control differences in subcortical brain volumes in ASD, and may help to explain the heterogeneity of previous findings in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Structural brain alterations in ASD are heterogeneous, with overall limited effect sizes. Here we aimed to identify subgroups in ASD based on neuroimaging measures. We tested whether the effect sizes for case/control differences would be increased in the newly defined subgroups. Based on neuroanatomical profiles, we succeeded in stratifying our participants into more homogeneous subgroups. The effect sizes of case/control differences were more pronounced in some subgroups than those in the whole sample. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2627 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Gut mobilization improves behavioral symptoms and modulates urinary p-cresol in chronically constipated autistic children: A prospective study / L. TURRIZIANI in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.56-69 Titre : Gut mobilization improves behavioral symptoms and modulates urinary p-cresol in chronically constipated autistic children: A prospective study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. TURRIZIANI, Auteur ; A. RICCIARDELLO, Auteur ; F. CUCINOTTA, Auteur ; F. BELLOMO, Auteur ; G. TURTURO, Auteur ; M. BONCODDO, Auteur ; S. MIRABELLI, Auteur ; M. L. SCATTONI, Auteur ; M. ROSSI, Auteur ; A. M. PERSICO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.56-69 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Behavioral Symptoms  Child  Child, Preschool  Constipation/complications  Cresols/urine  Gastrointestinal Microbiome  Gastrointestinal Motility  Humans  Prospective Studies  4-cresol  anxiety  autism  autism spectrum disorder  biomarkers  constipation  microbiota Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chronic constipation is common among children with ASD and is associated with more severe hyperactivity, anxiety, irritability, and repetitive behaviors. Young autistic children with chronic constipation display higher urinary, and foecal concentrations of p-cresol, an aromatic compound produced by gut bacteria, known to negatively affect brain function. Acute p-cresol administration to BTBR mice enhances anxiety, hyperactivity and stereotypic behaviors, while blunting social interaction. This study was undertaken to prospectively assess the behavioral effects of gut mobilization in young autistic children with chronic constipation, and to verify their possible correlation with urinary p-cresol. To this aim, 21 chronically constipated autistic children 2-8?years old were evaluated before (T0), 1?month (T1), and 6?months (T2) after intestinal mobilization, recording Bristol stool scale scores, urinary p-cresol concentrations, and behavioral scores for social interaction deficits, stereotypic behaviors, anxiety, and hyperactivity. Gut mobilization yielded a progressive and highly significant decrease in all behavioral symptoms over the 6-month study period. Urinary p-cresol levels displayed variable trends not significantly correlated with changes in behavioral parameters, mainly increasing at T1 and decreasing at T2. These results support gut mobilization as a simple strategy to ameliorate ASD symptoms, as well as comorbid anxiety and hyperactivity, in chronically constipated children. Variation in p-cresol absorption seemingly provides limited contributions, if any, to these behavioral changes. Further research will be needed to address the relative role of reduced abdominal discomfort following mobilization, as compared to specific modifications in microbiome composition and in gut bacteria-derived neuroactive compounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2639 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Gut mobilization improves behavioral symptoms and modulates urinary p-cresol in chronically constipated autistic children: A prospective study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. TURRIZIANI, Auteur ; A. RICCIARDELLO, Auteur ; F. CUCINOTTA, Auteur ; F. BELLOMO, Auteur ; G. TURTURO, Auteur ; M. BONCODDO, Auteur ; S. MIRABELLI, Auteur ; M. L. SCATTONI, Auteur ; M. ROSSI, Auteur ; A. M. PERSICO, Auteur . - p.56-69. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.56-69 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder/complications  Behavioral Symptoms  Child  Child, Preschool  Constipation/complications  Cresols/urine  Gastrointestinal Microbiome  Gastrointestinal Motility  Humans  Prospective Studies  4-cresol  anxiety  autism  autism spectrum disorder  biomarkers  constipation  microbiota Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chronic constipation is common among children with ASD and is associated with more severe hyperactivity, anxiety, irritability, and repetitive behaviors. Young autistic children with chronic constipation display higher urinary, and foecal concentrations of p-cresol, an aromatic compound produced by gut bacteria, known to negatively affect brain function. Acute p-cresol administration to BTBR mice enhances anxiety, hyperactivity and stereotypic behaviors, while blunting social interaction. This study was undertaken to prospectively assess the behavioral effects of gut mobilization in young autistic children with chronic constipation, and to verify their possible correlation with urinary p-cresol. To this aim, 21 chronically constipated autistic children 2-8?years old were evaluated before (T0), 1?month (T1), and 6?months (T2) after intestinal mobilization, recording Bristol stool scale scores, urinary p-cresol concentrations, and behavioral scores for social interaction deficits, stereotypic behaviors, anxiety, and hyperactivity. Gut mobilization yielded a progressive and highly significant decrease in all behavioral symptoms over the 6-month study period. Urinary p-cresol levels displayed variable trends not significantly correlated with changes in behavioral parameters, mainly increasing at T1 and decreasing at T2. These results support gut mobilization as a simple strategy to ameliorate ASD symptoms, as well as comorbid anxiety and hyperactivity, in chronically constipated children. Variation in p-cresol absorption seemingly provides limited contributions, if any, to these behavioral changes. Further research will be needed to address the relative role of reduced abdominal discomfort following mobilization, as compared to specific modifications in microbiome composition and in gut bacteria-derived neuroactive compounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2639 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Co-occurring conditions and racial-ethnic disparities: Medicaid enrolled adults on the autism spectrum / W. SCHOTT in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.70-85 Titre : Co-occurring conditions and racial-ethnic disparities: Medicaid enrolled adults on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. SCHOTT, Auteur ; S. TAO, Auteur ; L. SHEA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.70-85 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Ethnicity  Humans  Medicaid  Minority Groups  United States/epidemiology  adults  autism  co-occurring conditions  racial disparities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence suggests that autistic adults have higher odds of developing several co-occurring conditions, but less is known about disparities by race and ethnicity in this population. Using 2008-2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data, we (i) identify the prevalence of co-occurring conditions among the population of autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries compared to a matched sample of those without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, (ii) conduct logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for these health conditions predicted by an autism diagnosis, and (iii) estimate odds of having these health conditions as predicted by racial/ethnic group among the autistic population only. Overall, autistic adults did not have higher prevalence of some major health conditions (cardiovascular conditions, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disease), but they did have higher odds of others (nutrition conditions, epilepsy, disorders of the central nervous system). Analysis by racial/ethnic group, however, shows that Black, Hispanic, and Asian autistic beneficiaries had higher odds of diabetes, hospitalized cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension, among other conditions. Policymakers should be aware that racial disparities found in the general population persist in the autistic population and should work to implement systems and programs to improve screening and preventive care for minority autistic populations. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic adults may have several co-occurring physical and mental health conditions, which could differ by racial/ethnic group. We find that, compared to the general Medicaid population, autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries have elevated odds of some health conditions, like epilepsy and nutrition conditions, as well as some psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and attention disorders. We also find that many of the same health disparities by racial/ethnic group in the general population persist among the autistic adult Medicaid population. For example, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Medicaid autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of diabetes, and Black and Hispanic autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of obesity and nutrition conditions than white autistic beneficiaries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2644 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Co-occurring conditions and racial-ethnic disparities: Medicaid enrolled adults on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. SCHOTT, Auteur ; S. TAO, Auteur ; L. SHEA, Auteur . - p.70-85. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.70-85 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Ethnicity  Humans  Medicaid  Minority Groups  United States/epidemiology  adults  autism  co-occurring conditions  racial disparities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence suggests that autistic adults have higher odds of developing several co-occurring conditions, but less is known about disparities by race and ethnicity in this population. Using 2008-2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data, we (i) identify the prevalence of co-occurring conditions among the population of autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries compared to a matched sample of those without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, (ii) conduct logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for these health conditions predicted by an autism diagnosis, and (iii) estimate odds of having these health conditions as predicted by racial/ethnic group among the autistic population only. Overall, autistic adults did not have higher prevalence of some major health conditions (cardiovascular conditions, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disease), but they did have higher odds of others (nutrition conditions, epilepsy, disorders of the central nervous system). Analysis by racial/ethnic group, however, shows that Black, Hispanic, and Asian autistic beneficiaries had higher odds of diabetes, hospitalized cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension, among other conditions. Policymakers should be aware that racial disparities found in the general population persist in the autistic population and should work to implement systems and programs to improve screening and preventive care for minority autistic populations. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic adults may have several co-occurring physical and mental health conditions, which could differ by racial/ethnic group. We find that, compared to the general Medicaid population, autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries have elevated odds of some health conditions, like epilepsy and nutrition conditions, as well as some psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and attention disorders. We also find that many of the same health disparities by racial/ethnic group in the general population persist among the autistic adult Medicaid population. For example, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Medicaid autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of diabetes, and Black and Hispanic autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of obesity and nutrition conditions than white autistic beneficiaries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2644 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Parental age and autism severity in the Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) study / B. C. KAVANAUGH in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.86-92 Titre : Parental age and autism severity in the Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. C. KAVANAUGH, Auteur ; T. GABERT, Auteur ; R. N. JONES, Auteur ; S. J. SHEINKOPF, Auteur ; E. M. MORROW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.86-92 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Mothers  Parents  Rhode Island  neuropsychiatric disorders  parental age  repetitive behaviors  restricted Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Advanced parental age at offspring birth has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of the current study was to investigate associations between parental age at birth and autism severity. The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) study represents a community-based sample with a range of autism severity, including participants with and without ASD. This study involved participants (n = 1178) enrolled in RI-CART with available mother and father ages at birth. Primary data points included the age of mother and father at the participant's birth and results from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Second Edition (ADOS-2). Mothers were 1.7?years older at the time of birth of the child with ASD, as compared to mothers of offspring without ASD. Fathers of children with ASD were 1.6?years older at the time of birth than fathers of children without ASD. The age of both parents at offspring birth displayed a positive, statistically significant association with overall ASD severity and the severity of restricted/repetitive behaviors. This finding was driven by the association between parental age and the severity of compulsions or rituals. Intelligence and adaptive functioning did not moderate the relationship between parental age and ASD severity. This study extends prior research to show that advanced parental age at birth is associated with the severity as well as the presence of ASD in offspring. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2648 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Parental age and autism severity in the Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. C. KAVANAUGH, Auteur ; T. GABERT, Auteur ; R. N. JONES, Auteur ; S. J. SHEINKOPF, Auteur ; E. M. MORROW, Auteur . - p.86-92. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.86-92 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Mothers  Parents  Rhode Island  neuropsychiatric disorders  parental age  repetitive behaviors  restricted Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Advanced parental age at offspring birth has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of the current study was to investigate associations between parental age at birth and autism severity. The Rhode Island Consortium for Autism Research and Treatment (RI-CART) study represents a community-based sample with a range of autism severity, including participants with and without ASD. This study involved participants (n = 1178) enrolled in RI-CART with available mother and father ages at birth. Primary data points included the age of mother and father at the participant's birth and results from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Second Edition (ADOS-2). Mothers were 1.7?years older at the time of birth of the child with ASD, as compared to mothers of offspring without ASD. Fathers of children with ASD were 1.6?years older at the time of birth than fathers of children without ASD. The age of both parents at offspring birth displayed a positive, statistically significant association with overall ASD severity and the severity of restricted/repetitive behaviors. This finding was driven by the association between parental age and the severity of compulsions or rituals. Intelligence and adaptive functioning did not moderate the relationship between parental age and ASD severity. This study extends prior research to show that advanced parental age at birth is associated with the severity as well as the presence of ASD in offspring. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2648 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Job loss predicts worsening depressive symptoms for young adults with autism: A COVID-19 natural experiment / Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.93-102 Titre : Job loss predicts worsening depressive symptoms for young adults with autism: A COVID-19 natural experiment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; R. E. ADAMS, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.93-102 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Covid-19  Depression/complications  Humans  SARS-CoV-2  United States  Young Adult  adults  autism spectrum disorder  depression  employment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of both unemployment and depression. Though job loss predicts increased risk of depression in the general population, studies have yet to directly examine this relationship among individuals with ASD. With the backdrop of rising unemployment due to COVID-19, we used a longitudinal design to examine whether employment changes predicted increasing depressive symptoms among young adults with ASD. Online surveys were collected from young adults with ASD at two times: just before widespread social distancing measures were adopted in the United States, and again 10?weeks later. Both time points included measurement of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-2). At Time 2, COVID-related employment changes and the perceived impact of those changes on well-being were collected. Of the young adults who were employed at Time 1 (n = 144), over one-third (37.5%) reported employment changes during the first 2?months of COVID-19. Most of this change was job loss or reductions in hours or pay ("job loss/reduction"). Controlling for Time 1 depressive symptoms, young adults who experienced job loss/reduction had significantly higher depressive symptoms at Time 2 than those without an employment change. Individuals' perceived impact of employment change also predicted depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that losing a job or experiencing reductions in hours or pay leads to worsening depressive symptoms among adults with ASD. Better supporting autistic adults in the workplace may not only decrease the likelihood of job loss, but also combat the exceedingly high rates of depression in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Though unemployment has been linked to mental health problems in the general population, this relationship is seldom considered among adults with autism. In this study, we found that adults on the autism spectrum who lost their jobs or experienced reductions in pay or hours during the first 2?months of COVID-19 had worsening depression compared to adults who did not have job changes. Our findings suggest that increasing access to employment may help alleviate poor mental health among autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2621 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Job loss predicts worsening depressive symptoms for young adults with autism: A COVID-19 natural experiment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julie LOUNDS TAYLOR, Auteur ; R. E. ADAMS, Auteur ; F. PEZZIMENTI, Auteur ; S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur . - p.93-102. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.93-102 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Covid-19  Depression/complications  Humans  SARS-CoV-2  United States  Young Adult  adults  autism spectrum disorder  depression  employment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of both unemployment and depression. Though job loss predicts increased risk of depression in the general population, studies have yet to directly examine this relationship among individuals with ASD. With the backdrop of rising unemployment due to COVID-19, we used a longitudinal design to examine whether employment changes predicted increasing depressive symptoms among young adults with ASD. Online surveys were collected from young adults with ASD at two times: just before widespread social distancing measures were adopted in the United States, and again 10?weeks later. Both time points included measurement of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-2). At Time 2, COVID-related employment changes and the perceived impact of those changes on well-being were collected. Of the young adults who were employed at Time 1 (n = 144), over one-third (37.5%) reported employment changes during the first 2?months of COVID-19. Most of this change was job loss or reductions in hours or pay ("job loss/reduction"). Controlling for Time 1 depressive symptoms, young adults who experienced job loss/reduction had significantly higher depressive symptoms at Time 2 than those without an employment change. Individuals' perceived impact of employment change also predicted depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that losing a job or experiencing reductions in hours or pay leads to worsening depressive symptoms among adults with ASD. Better supporting autistic adults in the workplace may not only decrease the likelihood of job loss, but also combat the exceedingly high rates of depression in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Though unemployment has been linked to mental health problems in the general population, this relationship is seldom considered among adults with autism. In this study, we found that adults on the autism spectrum who lost their jobs or experienced reductions in pay or hours during the first 2?months of COVID-19 had worsening depression compared to adults who did not have job changes. Our findings suggest that increasing access to employment may help alleviate poor mental health among autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2621 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Assessing global developmental delay across instruments in minimally verbal preschool autistic children: The importance of a multi-method and multi-informant approach / D. GIRARD in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.103-116 Titre : Assessing global developmental delay across instruments in minimally verbal preschool autistic children: The importance of a multi-method and multi-informant approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. GIRARD, Auteur ; V. COURCHESNE, Auteur ; Janie DEGRE-PELLETIER, Auteur ; C. LETENDRE, Auteur ; I. SOULIERES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.103-116 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aptitude  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Child, Preschool  Cognition  Humans  Language Development Disorders  Mullen Scales of Early Learning  Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale  adaptive functioning  autism  intelligence  minimally verbal  nonverbal skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Intellectual assessment in preschool autistic children bears many challenges, particularly for those who have lower language and/or cognitive abilities. These challenges often result in underestimation of their potential or exclusion from research studies. Understanding how different instruments and definitions used to identify autistic preschool children with global developmental delay (GDD) affect sample composition is critical to advance research on this understudied clinical population. This study set out to examine the extent to which using different instruments to define GDD affects sample composition and whether different definitions affect resultant cognitive and adaptive profiles. Data from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition, a parent-report tool, were analyzed in a sample of 64 autistic and 73 neurotypical children (28-69?months). Our results highlight that cognitive assessment alone should not be used in clinical or research practices to infer a comorbid diagnosis of GDD, as it might lead to underestimating autistic children's potential. Instead, using both adaptive and cognitive levels as a stratification method to create subgroups of children with and without GDD might be a promising approach to adequately differentiate them, with less risk of underestimating them. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Assessing global developmental delay across instruments in minimally verbal preschool autistic children: The importance of a multi-method and multi-informant approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. GIRARD, Auteur ; V. COURCHESNE, Auteur ; Janie DEGRE-PELLETIER, Auteur ; C. LETENDRE, Auteur ; I. SOULIERES, Auteur . - p.103-116. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.103-116 Mots-clés : Aptitude  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications  Autistic Disorder  Child, Preschool  Cognition  Humans  Language Development Disorders  Mullen Scales of Early Learning  Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale  adaptive functioning  autism  intelligence  minimally verbal  nonverbal skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Intellectual assessment in preschool autistic children bears many challenges, particularly for those who have lower language and/or cognitive abilities. These challenges often result in underestimation of their potential or exclusion from research studies. Understanding how different instruments and definitions used to identify autistic preschool children with global developmental delay (GDD) affect sample composition is critical to advance research on this understudied clinical population. This study set out to examine the extent to which using different instruments to define GDD affects sample composition and whether different definitions affect resultant cognitive and adaptive profiles. Data from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition, a parent-report tool, were analyzed in a sample of 64 autistic and 73 neurotypical children (28-69?months). Our results highlight that cognitive assessment alone should not be used in clinical or research practices to infer a comorbid diagnosis of GDD, as it might lead to underestimating autistic children's potential. Instead, using both adaptive and cognitive levels as a stratification method to create subgroups of children with and without GDD might be a promising approach to adequately differentiate them, with less risk of underestimating them. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2630 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Evaluating commercially available wireless cardiovascular monitors for measuring and transmitting real-time physiological responses in children with autism / H. J. NUSKE in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.117-130 Titre : Evaluating commercially available wireless cardiovascular monitors for measuring and transmitting real-time physiological responses in children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; M. S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; Y. KUSHLEYEVA, Auteur ; D. FORSYTH, Auteur ; J. W. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; A. J. MASINO, Auteur ; E. FINKEL, Auteur ; Arjun BHATTACHARYA, Auteur ; J. TAN, Auteur ; H. TAI, Auteur ; Z. ATKINSON-DIAZ, Auteur ; C. P. BONAFIDE, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.117-130 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Fitness Trackers  Heart Rate  Humans  Wearable Electronic Devices  cardiovascular system  feasibility studies  heart rate  physiologic monitoring  physiological stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Commercially available wearable biosensors have the potential to enhance psychophysiology research and digital health technologies for autism by enabling stress or arousal monitoring in naturalistic settings. However, such monitors may not be comfortable for children with autism due to sensory sensitivities. To determine the feasibility of wearable technology in children with autism age 8-12?years, we first selected six consumer-grade wireless cardiovascular monitors and tested them during rest and movement conditions in 23 typically developing adults. Subsequently, the best performing monitors (based on data quality robustness statistics), Polar and Mio Fuse, were evaluated in 32 children with autism and 23 typically developing children during a 2-h session, including rest and mild stress-inducing tasks. Cardiovascular data were recorded simultaneously across monitors using custom software. We administered the Comfort Rating Scales to children. Although the Polar monitor was less comfortable for children with autism than typically developing children, absolute scores demonstrated that, on average, all children found each monitor comfortable. For most children, data from the Mio Fuse (96%-100%) and Polar (83%-96%) passed quality thresholds of data robustness. Moreover, in the stress relative to rest condition, heart rate increased for the Polar, F(1,53) = 135.70, p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2633 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Evaluating commercially available wireless cardiovascular monitors for measuring and transmitting real-time physiological responses in children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; M. S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; Y. KUSHLEYEVA, Auteur ; D. FORSYTH, Auteur ; J. W. PENNINGTON, Auteur ; A. J. MASINO, Auteur ; E. FINKEL, Auteur ; Arjun BHATTACHARYA, Auteur ; J. TAN, Auteur ; H. TAI, Auteur ; Z. ATKINSON-DIAZ, Auteur ; C. P. BONAFIDE, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur . - p.117-130. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.117-130 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Fitness Trackers  Heart Rate  Humans  Wearable Electronic Devices  cardiovascular system  feasibility studies  heart rate  physiologic monitoring  physiological stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Commercially available wearable biosensors have the potential to enhance psychophysiology research and digital health technologies for autism by enabling stress or arousal monitoring in naturalistic settings. However, such monitors may not be comfortable for children with autism due to sensory sensitivities. To determine the feasibility of wearable technology in children with autism age 8-12?years, we first selected six consumer-grade wireless cardiovascular monitors and tested them during rest and movement conditions in 23 typically developing adults. Subsequently, the best performing monitors (based on data quality robustness statistics), Polar and Mio Fuse, were evaluated in 32 children with autism and 23 typically developing children during a 2-h session, including rest and mild stress-inducing tasks. Cardiovascular data were recorded simultaneously across monitors using custom software. We administered the Comfort Rating Scales to children. Although the Polar monitor was less comfortable for children with autism than typically developing children, absolute scores demonstrated that, on average, all children found each monitor comfortable. For most children, data from the Mio Fuse (96%-100%) and Polar (83%-96%) passed quality thresholds of data robustness. Moreover, in the stress relative to rest condition, heart rate increased for the Polar, F(1,53) = 135.70, p? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2633 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Eye gaze as a biomarker in the recognition of autism spectrum disorder using virtual reality and machine learning: A proof of concept for diagnosis / M. ALCAÑIZ in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.131-145 Titre : Eye gaze as a biomarker in the recognition of autism spectrum disorder using virtual reality and machine learning: A proof of concept for diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. ALCAÑIZ, Auteur ; I. A. CHICCHI-GIGLIOLI, Auteur ; L. A. CARRASCO-RIBELLES, Auteur ; J. MARÍN-MORALES, Auteur ; M. E. MINISSI, Auteur ; G. TERUEL-GARCÍA, Auteur ; M. SIRERA, Auteur ; L. ABAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.131-145 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Biomarkers  Child  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Machine Learning  Virtual Reality  autism spectrum disorder  behavioral biomarker  eye tracking  machine learning  multivariate supervised learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) mainly relate to social communication and interactions. ASD assessment involves expert observations in neutral settings, which introduces limitations and biases related to lack of objectivity and does not capture performance in real-world settings. To overcome these limitations, advances in technologies (e.g., virtual reality) and sensors (e.g., eye-tracking tools) have been used to create realistic simulated environments and track eye movements, enriching assessments with more objective data than can be obtained via traditional measures. This study aimed to distinguish between autistic and typically developing children using visual attention behaviors through an eye-tracking paradigm in a virtual environment as a measure of attunement to and extraction of socially relevant information. The 55 children participated. Autistic children presented a higher number of frames, both overall and per scenario, and showed higher visual preferences for adults over children, as well as specific preferences for adults' rather than children's faces on which looked more at bodies. A set of multivariate supervised machine learning models were developed using recursive feature selection to recognize ASD based on extracted eye gaze features. The models achieved up to 86% accuracy (sensitivity = 91%) in recognizing autistic children. Our results should be taken as preliminary due to the relatively small sample size and the lack of an external replication dataset. However, to our knowledge, this constitutes a first proof of concept in the combined use of virtual reality, eye-tracking tools, and machine learning for ASD recognition. LAY SUMMARY: Core symptoms in children with ASD involve social communication and interaction. ASD assessment includes expert observations in neutral settings, which show limitations and biases related to lack of objectivity and do not capture performance in real settings. To overcome these limitations, this work aimed to distinguish between autistic and typically developing children in visual attention behaviors through an eye-tracking paradigm in a virtual environment as a measure of attunement to, and extraction of, socially relevant information. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2636 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Eye gaze as a biomarker in the recognition of autism spectrum disorder using virtual reality and machine learning: A proof of concept for diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. ALCAÑIZ, Auteur ; I. A. CHICCHI-GIGLIOLI, Auteur ; L. A. CARRASCO-RIBELLES, Auteur ; J. MARÍN-MORALES, Auteur ; M. E. MINISSI, Auteur ; G. TERUEL-GARCÍA, Auteur ; M. SIRERA, Auteur ; L. ABAD, Auteur . - p.131-145. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.131-145 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Biomarkers  Child  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Machine Learning  Virtual Reality  autism spectrum disorder  behavioral biomarker  eye tracking  machine learning  multivariate supervised learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) mainly relate to social communication and interactions. ASD assessment involves expert observations in neutral settings, which introduces limitations and biases related to lack of objectivity and does not capture performance in real-world settings. To overcome these limitations, advances in technologies (e.g., virtual reality) and sensors (e.g., eye-tracking tools) have been used to create realistic simulated environments and track eye movements, enriching assessments with more objective data than can be obtained via traditional measures. This study aimed to distinguish between autistic and typically developing children using visual attention behaviors through an eye-tracking paradigm in a virtual environment as a measure of attunement to and extraction of socially relevant information. The 55 children participated. Autistic children presented a higher number of frames, both overall and per scenario, and showed higher visual preferences for adults over children, as well as specific preferences for adults' rather than children's faces on which looked more at bodies. A set of multivariate supervised machine learning models were developed using recursive feature selection to recognize ASD based on extracted eye gaze features. The models achieved up to 86% accuracy (sensitivity = 91%) in recognizing autistic children. Our results should be taken as preliminary due to the relatively small sample size and the lack of an external replication dataset. However, to our knowledge, this constitutes a first proof of concept in the combined use of virtual reality, eye-tracking tools, and machine learning for ASD recognition. LAY SUMMARY: Core symptoms in children with ASD involve social communication and interaction. ASD assessment includes expert observations in neutral settings, which show limitations and biases related to lack of objectivity and do not capture performance in real settings. To overcome these limitations, this work aimed to distinguish between autistic and typically developing children in visual attention behaviors through an eye-tracking paradigm in a virtual environment as a measure of attunement to, and extraction of, socially relevant information. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2636 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in a large, diverse metropolitan area: Variation by sociodemographic factors / J. SHENOUDA in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.146-155 Titre : Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in a large, diverse metropolitan area: Variation by sociodemographic factors Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. SHENOUDA, Auteur ; E. BARRETT, Auteur ; A. L. DAVIDOW, Auteur ; W. HALPERIN, Auteur ; V. M. B. SILENZIO, Auteur ; Walter ZAHORODNY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.146-155 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Child  Humans  Population Surveillance  Prevalence  Sociodemographic Factors  Asd  autism  epidemiology  prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence estimates have varied by region. In this study, ASD prevalence, based on active case finding from multiple sources, was determined at the county and school district levels in the New Jersey metropolitan area. Among children born in 2008, residing in a four-county area and enrolled in public school in 2016, ASD prevalence was estimated to be 36 per 1000, but was significantly higher in one region-54 per 1000 and greater than 70 per 1000, in multiple school districts. Significant variation in ASD prevalence by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and school district size was identified. Highest prevalence was in mid-SES communities, contrary to expectation. Prevalence among Hispanic children was lower than expected, indicating a disparity in identification. Comprehensive surveillance should provide estimates at the county and town levels to appreciate ASD trends, identify disparities in detection or treatment, and explore factors influencing change in prevalence. LAY SUMMARY: We found autism prevalence to be 3.6% in New Jersey overall, but higher in one region (5.4%) and in multiple areas approaching 7.0%. We identified significant variation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES) and school district size. Mapping prevalence in smaller, well-specified, regions may be useful to better understand the true scope of ASD, disparities in ASD detection and the factors impacting ASD prevalence estimation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in a large, diverse metropolitan area: Variation by sociodemographic factors [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. SHENOUDA, Auteur ; E. BARRETT, Auteur ; A. L. DAVIDOW, Auteur ; W. HALPERIN, Auteur ; V. M. B. SILENZIO, Auteur ; Walter ZAHORODNY, Auteur . - p.146-155. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.146-155 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology  Autistic Disorder  Child  Humans  Population Surveillance  Prevalence  Sociodemographic Factors  Asd  autism  epidemiology  prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence estimates have varied by region. In this study, ASD prevalence, based on active case finding from multiple sources, was determined at the county and school district levels in the New Jersey metropolitan area. Among children born in 2008, residing in a four-county area and enrolled in public school in 2016, ASD prevalence was estimated to be 36 per 1000, but was significantly higher in one region-54 per 1000 and greater than 70 per 1000, in multiple school districts. Significant variation in ASD prevalence by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and school district size was identified. Highest prevalence was in mid-SES communities, contrary to expectation. Prevalence among Hispanic children was lower than expected, indicating a disparity in identification. Comprehensive surveillance should provide estimates at the county and town levels to appreciate ASD trends, identify disparities in detection or treatment, and explore factors influencing change in prevalence. LAY SUMMARY: We found autism prevalence to be 3.6% in New Jersey overall, but higher in one region (5.4%) and in multiple areas approaching 7.0%. We identified significant variation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES) and school district size. Mapping prevalence in smaller, well-specified, regions may be useful to better understand the true scope of ASD, disparities in ASD detection and the factors impacting ASD prevalence estimation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Imputing cognitive impairment in SPARK, a large autism cohort / C. SHU in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.156-170 Titre : Imputing cognitive impairment in SPARK, a large autism cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. SHU, Auteur ; LeeAnne GREEN SNYDER, Auteur ; Y. SHEN, Auteur ; W. K. CHUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.156-170 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Cognition  Cognitive Dysfunction/complications  Humans  Intelligence  autism  cognitive impairment  imputation  intelligence quotient  machine learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diverse large cohorts are necessary for dissecting subtypes of autism, and intellectual disability is one of the most robust endophenotypes for analysis. However, current cognitive assessment methods are not feasible at scale. We developed five commonly used machine learning models to predict cognitive impairment (FSIQ<80 and FSIQ<70) and FSIQ scores among 521 children with autism using parent-reported online surveys in SPARK, and evaluated them in an independent set (n = 1346) with a missing data rate up to 70%. We assessed accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity by comparing predicted cognitive levels against clinical IQ data. The elastic-net model has good performance (AUC = 0.876, sensitivity = 0.772, specificity = 0.803) using 129 predictive features to impute cognitive impairment (FSIQ<80). Top-ranked predictive features included parent-reported language and cognitive levels, age at autism diagnosis, and history of services. Prediction of FSIQ<70 and FSIQ scores also showed good performance. We show cognitive levels can be imputed with high accuracy for children with autism, using commonly collected parent-reported data and standardized surveys. The current model offers a method for large-scale autism studies seeking estimates of cognitive ability when standardized psychometric testing is not feasible. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism who have more severe learning challenges or cognitive impairment have different needs that are important to consider in research studies. When children in our study were missing standardized cognitive testing scores, we were able to use machine learning with other information to correctly "guess" when they have cognitive impairment about 80% of the time. We can use this information in research in the future to develop more appropriate treatments for children with autism and cognitive impairment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2622 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Imputing cognitive impairment in SPARK, a large autism cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. SHU, Auteur ; LeeAnne GREEN SNYDER, Auteur ; Y. SHEN, Auteur ; W. K. CHUNG, Auteur . - p.156-170. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.156-170 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Child  Cognition  Cognitive Dysfunction/complications  Humans  Intelligence  autism  cognitive impairment  imputation  intelligence quotient  machine learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diverse large cohorts are necessary for dissecting subtypes of autism, and intellectual disability is one of the most robust endophenotypes for analysis. However, current cognitive assessment methods are not feasible at scale. We developed five commonly used machine learning models to predict cognitive impairment (FSIQ<80 and FSIQ<70) and FSIQ scores among 521 children with autism using parent-reported online surveys in SPARK, and evaluated them in an independent set (n = 1346) with a missing data rate up to 70%. We assessed accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity by comparing predicted cognitive levels against clinical IQ data. The elastic-net model has good performance (AUC = 0.876, sensitivity = 0.772, specificity = 0.803) using 129 predictive features to impute cognitive impairment (FSIQ<80). Top-ranked predictive features included parent-reported language and cognitive levels, age at autism diagnosis, and history of services. Prediction of FSIQ<70 and FSIQ scores also showed good performance. We show cognitive levels can be imputed with high accuracy for children with autism, using commonly collected parent-reported data and standardized surveys. The current model offers a method for large-scale autism studies seeking estimates of cognitive ability when standardized psychometric testing is not feasible. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism who have more severe learning challenges or cognitive impairment have different needs that are important to consider in research studies. When children in our study were missing standardized cognitive testing scores, we were able to use machine learning with other information to correctly "guess" when they have cognitive impairment about 80% of the time. We can use this information in research in the future to develop more appropriate treatments for children with autism and cognitive impairment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2622 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Evaluating the interrelations between the autism polygenic score and psychiatric family history in risk for autism / Diana SCHENDEL in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.171-182 Titre : Evaluating the interrelations between the autism polygenic score and psychiatric family history in risk for autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; T. MUNK LAURSEN, Auteur ; C. ALBIÑANA, Auteur ; B. VILHJALMSSON, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur ; M. D. FALLIN, Auteur ; Kelly S. BENKE, Auteur ; B. LEE, Auteur ; J. GROVE, Auteur ; Amy E. KALKBRENNER, Auteur ; L. EJLSKOV, Auteur ; D. HOUGAARD, Auteur ; Jonas BYBJERG-GRAUHOLM, Auteur ; M. BAEKVAD-HANSEN, Auteur ; A. D. BØRGLUM, Auteur ; T. WERGE, Auteur ; M. NORDENTOFT, Auteur ; P. B. MORTENSEN, Auteur ; E. AGERBO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.171-182 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics  Autistic Disorder/genetics  Case-Control Studies  Humans  Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics  Risk Factors  Siblings  autism spectrum disorder  case-control studies  family history  genetic risk factors  polygenic risk score Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychiatric family history or a high autism polygenic risk score (PRS) have been separately linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. The study aimed to simultaneously consider psychiatric family history and individual autism genetic liability (PRS) in autism risk. We performed a case-control study of all Denmark singleton births, May 1981-December 2005, in Denmark at their first birthday and a known mother. Cases were diagnosed with ASD before 2013 and controls comprised a random sample of 30,000 births without ASD, excluding persons with non-Denmark-born parents, missing ASD PRS, non-European ancestry. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated for ASD by PRS decile and by psychiatric history in parents or full siblings (8 mutually-exclusive categories) using logistic regression. Adjusted ASD PRS z-score least-squares means were estimated by psychiatric family history category. ASD risk (11,339 ASD cases; 20,175 controls) from ASD PRS was not substantially altered after accounting for psychiatric family history (e.g., ASD PRS 10th decile aOR: 2.35 (95% CI 2.11-2.63) before vs 2.11 (95% CI 1.91-2.40) after adjustment) nor from psychiatric family history after accounting for ASD PRS (e.g., ASD family history aOR: 6.73 (95% CI 5.89-7.68) before vs 6.32 (95% CI 5.53-7.22) after adjustment). ASD risk from ASD PRS varied slightly by psychiatric family history. While ASD risk from psychiatric family history was not accounted for by ASD PRS and vice versa, risk overlap between the two factors will likely increase as measures of genetic risk improve. The two factors are best viewed as complementary measures of family-based autism risk. LAY SUMMARY: Autism risk from a history of mental disorders in the immediate family was not explained by a measure of individual genetic risk (autism polygenic risk score) and vice versa. That is, genetic risk did not appear to overlap family history risk. As genetic measures for autism improve then the overlap in autism risk from family history versus genetic factors will likely increase, but further study may be needed to fully determine the components of risk and how they are inter-related between these key family factors. Meanwhile, the two factors may be best viewed as complementary measures of autism family-based risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2629 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Evaluating the interrelations between the autism polygenic score and psychiatric family history in risk for autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; T. MUNK LAURSEN, Auteur ; C. ALBIÑANA, Auteur ; B. VILHJALMSSON, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur ; M. D. FALLIN, Auteur ; Kelly S. BENKE, Auteur ; B. LEE, Auteur ; J. GROVE, Auteur ; Amy E. KALKBRENNER, Auteur ; L. EJLSKOV, Auteur ; D. HOUGAARD, Auteur ; Jonas BYBJERG-GRAUHOLM, Auteur ; M. BAEKVAD-HANSEN, Auteur ; A. D. BØRGLUM, Auteur ; T. WERGE, Auteur ; M. NORDENTOFT, Auteur ; P. B. MORTENSEN, Auteur ; E. AGERBO, Auteur . - p.171-182. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.171-182 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics  Autistic Disorder/genetics  Case-Control Studies  Humans  Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics  Risk Factors  Siblings  autism spectrum disorder  case-control studies  family history  genetic risk factors  polygenic risk score Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychiatric family history or a high autism polygenic risk score (PRS) have been separately linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. The study aimed to simultaneously consider psychiatric family history and individual autism genetic liability (PRS) in autism risk. We performed a case-control study of all Denmark singleton births, May 1981-December 2005, in Denmark at their first birthday and a known mother. Cases were diagnosed with ASD before 2013 and controls comprised a random sample of 30,000 births without ASD, excluding persons with non-Denmark-born parents, missing ASD PRS, non-European ancestry. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated for ASD by PRS decile and by psychiatric history in parents or full siblings (8 mutually-exclusive categories) using logistic regression. Adjusted ASD PRS z-score least-squares means were estimated by psychiatric family history category. ASD risk (11,339 ASD cases; 20,175 controls) from ASD PRS was not substantially altered after accounting for psychiatric family history (e.g., ASD PRS 10th decile aOR: 2.35 (95% CI 2.11-2.63) before vs 2.11 (95% CI 1.91-2.40) after adjustment) nor from psychiatric family history after accounting for ASD PRS (e.g., ASD family history aOR: 6.73 (95% CI 5.89-7.68) before vs 6.32 (95% CI 5.53-7.22) after adjustment). ASD risk from ASD PRS varied slightly by psychiatric family history. While ASD risk from psychiatric family history was not accounted for by ASD PRS and vice versa, risk overlap between the two factors will likely increase as measures of genetic risk improve. The two factors are best viewed as complementary measures of family-based autism risk. LAY SUMMARY: Autism risk from a history of mental disorders in the immediate family was not explained by a measure of individual genetic risk (autism polygenic risk score) and vice versa. That is, genetic risk did not appear to overlap family history risk. As genetic measures for autism improve then the overlap in autism risk from family history versus genetic factors will likely increase, but further study may be needed to fully determine the components of risk and how they are inter-related between these key family factors. Meanwhile, the two factors may be best viewed as complementary measures of autism family-based risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2629 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda / E. BONNEY in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.183-191 Titre : Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. BONNEY, Auteur ; C. ABBO, Auteur ; C. OGARA, Auteur ; M. E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; J. T. ELISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.183-191 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Blacks  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Male  Retrospective Studies  Sex Characteristics  Uganda/epidemiology  Africa  Uganda  age of diagnosis  autism spectrum disorder  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t-test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty-seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9?±?4.0)?years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = -2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1?year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2645 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. BONNEY, Auteur ; C. ABBO, Auteur ; C. OGARA, Auteur ; M. E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; J. T. ELISON, Auteur . - p.183-191. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.183-191 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Blacks  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Male  Retrospective Studies  Sex Characteristics  Uganda/epidemiology  Africa  Uganda  age of diagnosis  autism spectrum disorder  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t-test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty-seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9?±?4.0)?years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = -2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1?year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2645 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

The challenge of detecting adverse events in adults with autism spectrum disorder who have intellectual disability / P. BALLESTER in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.192-202 Titre : The challenge of detecting adverse events in adults with autism spectrum disorder who have intellectual disability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. BALLESTER, Auteur ; C. ESPADAS, Auteur ; A. C. LONDOÑO, Auteur ; S. ALMENARA, Auteur ; Víctor AGUILAR, Auteur ; C. BELDA, Auteur ; E. PÉREZ, Auteur ; J. MURIEL, Auteur ; A. M. PEIRO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.192-202 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Male  Prospective Studies  Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use  Retrospective Studies  adverse events  autism spectrum disorder  pharmacovigilance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated intellectual disability (ID) take a high number of different psychotropic drugs simultaneously. Nowadays, little is known about this multidrug pattern efficacy and safety. The present study has endeavored to fill this gap creating a local pharmacovigilance system. A 36-month, retrospective and prospective, observational, and multicenter pharmacovigilance study was carried out in adults with ASD and ID (n = 83). Information regarding ongoing medications (polypharmacy: taking simultaneously >4 drugs; safety profile: adverse events' number, adverse drug reactions' number, and affected system; and observed-to-expected [O/E] ratio using the summary of product characteristics), and current diagnoses were recorded. A median of four ongoing medications per participant was registered, half of the sample was under polypharmacy regimen. Regarding all ongoing medications, 50% were antipsychotic drugs, and 47% of participants had >1 antipsychotic prescribed. In contrast, only 64 adverse events were identified from electronic health records, mostly due to risperidone. Half of them were related either to nervous or metabolic systems, and almost a third were not previously described in the corresponding drug summary of products characteristics. Extrapyramidalism, gynecomastia, hypercholesterolemia, and urinary retention were some AEs that occurred more frequently than expected (O/E ratio?>?6 times) according to our data. The highest O/E ratio scores (>120 times) were for hypercholesterolemia and rhabdomyolysis caused by valproic acid. According to the number of adverse events and adverse drug reactions reported in electronic health records locally and nationally by clinicians, we need to increase awareness about medications safety. LAY SUMMARY: A 36-month study in adults with autism, ID, and polypharmacy (>4 drugs) was done to investigate drug safety on everyone. A median of four medications per person was registered, half were antipsychotic drugs, and 47% of participants had >1 antipsychotic medication simultaneously. Only 64 adverse events were identified from electronic health records, mostly due to risperidone. Half of them were related to nervous or metabolic systems and a third were not previously described in the drug information sheet. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2624 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] The challenge of detecting adverse events in adults with autism spectrum disorder who have intellectual disability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. BALLESTER, Auteur ; C. ESPADAS, Auteur ; A. C. LONDOÑO, Auteur ; S. ALMENARA, Auteur ; Víctor AGUILAR, Auteur ; C. BELDA, Auteur ; E. PÉREZ, Auteur ; J. MURIEL, Auteur ; A. M. PEIRO, Auteur . - p.192-202. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.192-202 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Male  Prospective Studies  Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use  Retrospective Studies  adverse events  autism spectrum disorder  pharmacovigilance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated intellectual disability (ID) take a high number of different psychotropic drugs simultaneously. Nowadays, little is known about this multidrug pattern efficacy and safety. The present study has endeavored to fill this gap creating a local pharmacovigilance system. A 36-month, retrospective and prospective, observational, and multicenter pharmacovigilance study was carried out in adults with ASD and ID (n = 83). Information regarding ongoing medications (polypharmacy: taking simultaneously >4 drugs; safety profile: adverse events' number, adverse drug reactions' number, and affected system; and observed-to-expected [O/E] ratio using the summary of product characteristics), and current diagnoses were recorded. A median of four ongoing medications per participant was registered, half of the sample was under polypharmacy regimen. Regarding all ongoing medications, 50% were antipsychotic drugs, and 47% of participants had >1 antipsychotic prescribed. In contrast, only 64 adverse events were identified from electronic health records, mostly due to risperidone. Half of them were related either to nervous or metabolic systems, and almost a third were not previously described in the corresponding drug summary of products characteristics. Extrapyramidalism, gynecomastia, hypercholesterolemia, and urinary retention were some AEs that occurred more frequently than expected (O/E ratio?>?6 times) according to our data. The highest O/E ratio scores (>120 times) were for hypercholesterolemia and rhabdomyolysis caused by valproic acid. According to the number of adverse events and adverse drug reactions reported in electronic health records locally and nationally by clinicians, we need to increase awareness about medications safety. LAY SUMMARY: A 36-month study in adults with autism, ID, and polypharmacy (>4 drugs) was done to investigate drug safety on everyone. A median of four medications per person was registered, half were antipsychotic drugs, and 47% of participants had >1 antipsychotic medication simultaneously. Only 64 adverse events were identified from electronic health records, mostly due to risperidone. Half of them were related to nervous or metabolic systems and a third were not previously described in the drug information sheet. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2624 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450