A qualitative study of autism services and supports in Singapore: Perspectives of service providers, autistic adults and caregivers / E. HAN in Autism, 25-8 (November 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-8 (November 2021) . - p.2279-2290 Titre : A qualitative study of autism services and supports in Singapore: Perspectives of service providers, autistic adults and caregivers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. HAN, Auteur ; M. M. J. TAN, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur ; H. LEGIDO-QUIGLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2279-2290 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Caregivers  Humans  Qualitative Research  Singapore  autism services and supports  autistic adults  caregivers  qualitative research  service providers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Because autism is a lifelong and complex condition, autistic people may need a range of supports cutting across different sectors (e.g. health, education and social care) at different stages of their lives. Studies in some countries have shown that autistic people and their families face difficulties accessing the services they need, but no research has been done on this topic in Singapore. To start addressing this gap, we interviewed 21 service providers, autistic adults and caregivers/parents of autistic children to find out their perceptions and experiences of autism services and supports in Singapore. Our participants told us that beyond improving access to autism-specific services, they also hoped to see more flexible supports in an inclusive environment and a broader change in societal attitudes. This study highlights that autism service provision should be informed by autistic voices and not only focus on impairment but also recognise the strengths of autistic people alongside their very real needs. The whole of society - including policymakers, professionals, employers, educators, families and autistic people themselves - needs to work together to fight autism stigma and discrimination. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211016112 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] A qualitative study of autism services and supports in Singapore: Perspectives of service providers, autistic adults and caregivers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. HAN, Auteur ; M. M. J. TAN, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur ; H. LEGIDO-QUIGLEY, Auteur . - p.2279-2290. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-8 (November 2021) . - p.2279-2290 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy  Autistic Disorder  Caregivers  Humans  Qualitative Research  Singapore  autism services and supports  autistic adults  caregivers  qualitative research  service providers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Because autism is a lifelong and complex condition, autistic people may need a range of supports cutting across different sectors (e.g. health, education and social care) at different stages of their lives. Studies in some countries have shown that autistic people and their families face difficulties accessing the services they need, but no research has been done on this topic in Singapore. To start addressing this gap, we interviewed 21 service providers, autistic adults and caregivers/parents of autistic children to find out their perceptions and experiences of autism services and supports in Singapore. Our participants told us that beyond improving access to autism-specific services, they also hoped to see more flexible supports in an inclusive environment and a broader change in societal attitudes. This study highlights that autism service provision should be informed by autistic voices and not only focus on impairment but also recognise the strengths of autistic people alongside their very real needs. The whole of society - including policymakers, professionals, employers, educators, families and autistic people themselves - needs to work together to fight autism stigma and discrimination. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211016112 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

A systematic review on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies / E. HAN in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.12-26 Titre : A systematic review on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. HAN, Auteur ; K. SCIOR, Auteur ; K. AVRAMIDES, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.12-26 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Social Stigma  Stereotyping  autism  coping strategies  lived experience  self-stigma  stigma  systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism can be understood as a concealable stigmatized identity. This is the first systematic review to synthesize the literature on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies. 2877 studies were screened and 27 were included in this review. The reviewed literature demonstrates that autistic individuals are acutely aware of being stereotyped, judged, and discriminated by others. Autistic people also show signs of internalizing stigma, rendering them more vulnerable to low self-worth and poorer mental health. To manage the impact of stigma, the included studies suggest that autistic individuals may use these strategies: concealment and camouflaging, selective disclosure and self-advocacy, as well as positive reframing and reconstructing identity. However, the evidence is limited and mixed in terms of how helpful and effective these strategies are. Future studies should include autistic populations with a wider range of intellectual abilities and explore interventions that can support autistic people in managing stigma to supplement interventions that seek to reduce stigma towards autistic people. The power of language in perpetuating and challenging stigma also has important implications for research and practice, underscoring the need for researchers and practitioners to reflect carefully on the messages they are communicating about autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] A systematic review on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. HAN, Auteur ; K. SCIOR, Auteur ; K. AVRAMIDES, Auteur ; L. CRANE, Auteur . - p.12-26. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.12-26 Mots-clés : Adaptation, Psychological  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Social Stigma  Stereotyping  autism  coping strategies  lived experience  self-stigma  stigma  systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism can be understood as a concealable stigmatized identity. This is the first systematic review to synthesize the literature on autistic people's experiences of stigma and coping strategies. 2877 studies were screened and 27 were included in this review. The reviewed literature demonstrates that autistic individuals are acutely aware of being stereotyped, judged, and discriminated by others. Autistic people also show signs of internalizing stigma, rendering them more vulnerable to low self-worth and poorer mental health. To manage the impact of stigma, the included studies suggest that autistic individuals may use these strategies: concealment and camouflaging, selective disclosure and self-advocacy, as well as positive reframing and reconstructing identity. However, the evidence is limited and mixed in terms of how helpful and effective these strategies are. Future studies should include autistic populations with a wider range of intellectual abilities and explore interventions that can support autistic people in managing stigma to supplement interventions that seek to reduce stigma towards autistic people. The power of language in perpetuating and challenging stigma also has important implications for research and practice, underscoring the need for researchers and practitioners to reflect carefully on the messages they are communicating about autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Zebrafish knockout of Down syndrome gene, DYRK1A, shows social impairments relevant to autism / O. H. KIM in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 50p. Titre : Zebrafish knockout of Down syndrome gene, DYRK1A, shows social impairments relevant to autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : O. H. KIM, Auteur ; H. J. CHO, Auteur ; E. HAN, Auteur ; T. I. HONG, Auteur ; K. ARIYASIRI, Auteur ; J. H. CHOI, Auteur ; K. S. HWANG, Auteur ; Y. M. JEONG, Auteur ; S. Y. YANG, Auteur ; K. YU, Auteur ; D. S. PARK, Auteur ; H. W. OH, Auteur ; E. E. DAVIS, Auteur ; C. E. SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; J. S. LEE, Auteur ; H. G. KIM, Auteur ; C. H. KIM, Auteur Article en page(s) : 50p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Dyrk1a  Down syndrome  Group behavior  Knockout  Shoaling  Social interaction  Zebrafish Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: DYRK1A maps to the Down syndrome critical region at 21q22. Mutations in this kinase-encoding gene have been reported to cause microcephaly associated with either intellectual disability or autism in humans. Intellectual disability accompanied by microcephaly was recapitulated in a murine model by overexpressing Dyrk1a which mimicked Down syndrome phenotypes. However, given embryonic lethality in homozygous knockout (KO) mice, no murine model studies could present sufficient evidence to link Dyrk1a dysfunction with autism. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying microcephaly and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we established an in vivo dyrk1aa KO model using zebrafish. METHODS: We identified a patient with a mutation in the DYRK1A gene using microarray analysis. Circumventing the barrier of murine model studies, we generated a dyrk1aa KO zebrafish using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated genome editing. For social behavioral tests, we have established a social interaction test, shoaling assay, and group behavior assay. For molecular analysis, we examined the neuronal activity in specific brain regions of dyrk1aa KO zebrafish through in situ hybridization with various probes including c-fos and crh which are the molecular markers for stress response. RESULTS: Microarray detected an intragenic microdeletion of DYRK1A in an individual with microcephaly and autism. From behavioral tests of social interaction and group behavior, dyrk1aa KO zebrafish exhibited social impairments that reproduce human phenotypes of autism in a vertebrate animal model. Social impairment in dyrk1aa KO zebrafish was further confirmed by molecular analysis of c-fos and crh expression. Transcriptional expression of c-fos and crh was lower than that of wild type fish in specific hypothalamic regions, suggesting that KO fish brains are less activated by social context. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we established a zebrafish model to validate a candidate gene for autism in a vertebrate animal. These results illustrate the functional deficiency of DYRK1A as an underlying disease mechanism for autism. We also propose simple social behavioral assays as a tool for the broader study of autism candidate genes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0168-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 [article] Zebrafish knockout of Down syndrome gene, DYRK1A, shows social impairments relevant to autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / O. H. KIM, Auteur ; H. J. CHO, Auteur ; E. HAN, Auteur ; T. I. HONG, Auteur ; K. ARIYASIRI, Auteur ; J. H. CHOI, Auteur ; K. S. HWANG, Auteur ; Y. M. JEONG, Auteur ; S. Y. YANG, Auteur ; K. YU, Auteur ; D. S. PARK, Auteur ; H. W. OH, Auteur ; E. E. DAVIS, Auteur ; C. E. SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; J. S. LEE, Auteur ; H. G. KIM, Auteur ; C. H. KIM, Auteur . - 50p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 50p. Mots-clés : Autism  Dyrk1a  Down syndrome  Group behavior  Knockout  Shoaling  Social interaction  Zebrafish Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: DYRK1A maps to the Down syndrome critical region at 21q22. Mutations in this kinase-encoding gene have been reported to cause microcephaly associated with either intellectual disability or autism in humans. Intellectual disability accompanied by microcephaly was recapitulated in a murine model by overexpressing Dyrk1a which mimicked Down syndrome phenotypes. However, given embryonic lethality in homozygous knockout (KO) mice, no murine model studies could present sufficient evidence to link Dyrk1a dysfunction with autism. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying microcephaly and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we established an in vivo dyrk1aa KO model using zebrafish. METHODS: We identified a patient with a mutation in the DYRK1A gene using microarray analysis. Circumventing the barrier of murine model studies, we generated a dyrk1aa KO zebrafish using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated genome editing. For social behavioral tests, we have established a social interaction test, shoaling assay, and group behavior assay. For molecular analysis, we examined the neuronal activity in specific brain regions of dyrk1aa KO zebrafish through in situ hybridization with various probes including c-fos and crh which are the molecular markers for stress response. RESULTS: Microarray detected an intragenic microdeletion of DYRK1A in an individual with microcephaly and autism. From behavioral tests of social interaction and group behavior, dyrk1aa KO zebrafish exhibited social impairments that reproduce human phenotypes of autism in a vertebrate animal model. Social impairment in dyrk1aa KO zebrafish was further confirmed by molecular analysis of c-fos and crh expression. Transcriptional expression of c-fos and crh was lower than that of wild type fish in specific hypothalamic regions, suggesting that KO fish brains are less activated by social context. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we established a zebrafish model to validate a candidate gene for autism in a vertebrate animal. These results illustrate the functional deficiency of DYRK1A as an underlying disease mechanism for autism. We also propose simple social behavioral assays as a tool for the broader study of autism candidate genes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0168-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330

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