Diagnostic and Physical Effects in Parasympathetic Response to Social Evaluation in Youth With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3427-3442 Titre : Diagnostic and Physical Effects in Parasympathetic Response to Social Evaluation in Youth With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3427-3442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autonomic Nervous System  Humans  Autonomic  Obesity  Parasympathetic  Puberty  Stress  no conflict of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate atypical autonomic (ANS) responses; however, research remains inconsistent. This study examined parasympathetic response during social evaluation in 241 youth (10-13 years) with ASD (n=138) or typical development (TD; n=103). Diagnosis, age, pubertal development, and body mass index (BMI) were hypothesized to be associated with ANS function. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated lower RSA in ASD relative to TD in a base model with no covariates. However, when accounting for differences in BMI, there was no evidence of atypical parasympathetic regulation in youth with ASD. As lower parasympathetic regulation may increase susceptibility for a number of conditions, it will be important to elucidate the link between BMI and the ANS, especially in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05224-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485 [article] Diagnostic and Physical Effects in Parasympathetic Response to Social Evaluation in Youth With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur . - p.3427-3442. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3427-3442 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autonomic Nervous System  Humans  Autonomic  Obesity  Parasympathetic  Puberty  Stress  no conflict of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate atypical autonomic (ANS) responses; however, research remains inconsistent. This study examined parasympathetic response during social evaluation in 241 youth (10-13 years) with ASD (n=138) or typical development (TD; n=103). Diagnosis, age, pubertal development, and body mass index (BMI) were hypothesized to be associated with ANS function. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated lower RSA in ASD relative to TD in a base model with no covariates. However, when accounting for differences in BMI, there was no evidence of atypical parasympathetic regulation in youth with ASD. As lower parasympathetic regulation may increase susceptibility for a number of conditions, it will be important to elucidate the link between BMI and the ANS, especially in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05224-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485

Examination of pubertal timing and tempo in females and males with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developing youth / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 15-10 (October 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-10 (October 2022) . - p.1894-1908 Titre : Examination of pubertal timing and tempo in females and males with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developing youth Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Sara DUFFUS, Auteur ; Sloane SPARKS, Auteur ; Yasas TANGUTURI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1894-1908 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  autism  development  female  puberty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and poor adaptation to change; thus, pubertal development may be precarious. Pubertal timing and tempo were measured in 244 youth (7.9% Black, 83.3% White, and 8.7% multiracial) with ASD (N = 140) and typical development (N = 104). Pubertal development was measured using Tanner staging of Genital (G, males), Breast (B, females), and pubic hair (PH) in both sexes at Year 1 (10-13 years), Year 2 (11-14 years), and Year 3 (12-15 years). Nonlinear mixed effects models analyzed interindividual differences in timing and tempo. For both sexes, ASD and higher body mass index were associated with earlier pubertal timing. Males generally exhibited faster tempo than females. Linear regression models did not show associations between pubertal timing and internalizing symptoms at time three. Findings showing advanced pubertal maturation in ASD youth suggest greater risk of psychological, social, and physiological challenges. LAY SUMMARY: Youth with ASD have difficulty in social communication and adaption to change, thus puberty may be a challenging transition. The study examined onset (timing) and progression (tempo) of puberty over three years, using physical exam, in 244 adolescents with and without ASD, enrolled at ages 10-13. ASD youth started puberty earlier, while males generally progressed at a faster pace. Further examination of puberty in ASD should identify impact on social, behavioral, and mental health outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2786 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Examination of pubertal timing and tempo in females and males with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developing youth [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Sara DUFFUS, Auteur ; Sloane SPARKS, Auteur ; Yasas TANGUTURI, Auteur . - p.1894-1908. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-10 (October 2022) . - p.1894-1908 Mots-clés : adolescence  autism  development  female  puberty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and poor adaptation to change; thus, pubertal development may be precarious. Pubertal timing and tempo were measured in 244 youth (7.9% Black, 83.3% White, and 8.7% multiracial) with ASD (N = 140) and typical development (N = 104). Pubertal development was measured using Tanner staging of Genital (G, males), Breast (B, females), and pubic hair (PH) in both sexes at Year 1 (10-13 years), Year 2 (11-14 years), and Year 3 (12-15 years). Nonlinear mixed effects models analyzed interindividual differences in timing and tempo. For both sexes, ASD and higher body mass index were associated with earlier pubertal timing. Males generally exhibited faster tempo than females. Linear regression models did not show associations between pubertal timing and internalizing symptoms at time three. Findings showing advanced pubertal maturation in ASD youth suggest greater risk of psychological, social, and physiological challenges. LAY SUMMARY: Youth with ASD have difficulty in social communication and adaption to change, thus puberty may be a challenging transition. The study examined onset (timing) and progression (tempo) of puberty over three years, using physical exam, in 244 adolescents with and without ASD, enrolled at ages 10-13. ASD youth started puberty earlier, while males generally progressed at a faster pace. Further examination of puberty in ASD should identify impact on social, behavioral, and mental health outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2786 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

Gender diversity in autistic and neurotypical youth over adolescence and puberty: A longitudinal study / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO ; Melissa CYPERSKI ; Eleonora SADIKOVA ; E. Kale EDMISTON ; Trey William MCGONIGLE ; Rachel CALVOSA ; Simon VANDEKAR in Autism Research, 17-7 (July 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1450-1463 Titre : Gender diversity in autistic and neurotypical youth over adolescence and puberty: A longitudinal study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Melissa CYPERSKI, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; E. Kale EDMISTON, Auteur ; Trey William MCGONIGLE, Auteur ; Rachel CALVOSA, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1450-1463 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has suggested a higher prevalence of gender diversity in individuals diagnosed with ASD. Adolescence is a critical period for the consolidation of gender identity, yet the extent to which the experience of gender diversity is stable over adolescence and puberty in autistic youth is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to examine the consistency of gender diversity using the gender diversity screening questionnaire for self- and parent-report of youth (GDSQ-S, GDSQ-P) over a four-year longitudinal study of pubertal development in youth with ASD (N = 140, 36 assigned-female-at birth (AFAB)) and typical development (TD, N = 104, 58 assigned-male-at-birth [AMAB]) and their parents. The extent to which diagnosis (ASD vs. TD), assigned sex (AFAB vs. AMAB) and developmental level (age, puberty) predict GDSQ trajectory over time was explored. There was a significant diagnosis by sex-assigned-at-birth by age interaction for GDSQ-S Gender Diversity, p = 0.002, showing higher scores in autistic AFAB youth over adolescence, and TD AFAB showing initially lower, then increasing levels over adolescence. For GDSQ-P, Gender Incongruence was significantly different between the groups, p = 0.032, showing higher incongruence for autistic AFAB around age 10, decreasing between age 12-14 before increasing again, while TD AFAB evidence the inverse trend. AMAB trends were stable. The significant diagnostic, developmental and sex-based differences indicate AFAB youth experience greater gender diversity that evolves over development. Findings suggest gender identity formation is nuanced and may be influenced by pubertal progression, hormonal patterns, and psychosocial factors. Results underscore the need for enhanced understanding of the unique, dynamic profiles of females-assigned-at-birth. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533 [article] Gender diversity in autistic and neurotypical youth over adolescence and puberty: A longitudinal study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Melissa CYPERSKI, Auteur ; Eleonora SADIKOVA, Auteur ; E. Kale EDMISTON, Auteur ; Trey William MCGONIGLE, Auteur ; Rachel CALVOSA, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur . - p.1450-1463. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1450-1463 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has suggested a higher prevalence of gender diversity in individuals diagnosed with ASD. Adolescence is a critical period for the consolidation of gender identity, yet the extent to which the experience of gender diversity is stable over adolescence and puberty in autistic youth is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to examine the consistency of gender diversity using the gender diversity screening questionnaire for self- and parent-report of youth (GDSQ-S, GDSQ-P) over a four-year longitudinal study of pubertal development in youth with ASD (N = 140, 36 assigned-female-at birth (AFAB)) and typical development (TD, N = 104, 58 assigned-male-at-birth [AMAB]) and their parents. The extent to which diagnosis (ASD vs. TD), assigned sex (AFAB vs. AMAB) and developmental level (age, puberty) predict GDSQ trajectory over time was explored. There was a significant diagnosis by sex-assigned-at-birth by age interaction for GDSQ-S Gender Diversity, p = 0.002, showing higher scores in autistic AFAB youth over adolescence, and TD AFAB showing initially lower, then increasing levels over adolescence. For GDSQ-P, Gender Incongruence was significantly different between the groups, p = 0.032, showing higher incongruence for autistic AFAB around age 10, decreasing between age 12-14 before increasing again, while TD AFAB evidence the inverse trend. AMAB trends were stable. The significant diagnostic, developmental and sex-based differences indicate AFAB youth experience greater gender diversity that evolves over development. Findings suggest gender identity formation is nuanced and may be influenced by pubertal progression, hormonal patterns, and psychosocial factors. Results underscore the need for enhanced understanding of the unique, dynamic profiles of females-assigned-at-birth. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533

Investigating Social Competence in a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Theatre-Based Intervention Enhanced for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Blythe A. CORBETT ; Alexandra P. KEY ; Mark E. KLEMENCIC ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO ; Dorita JONES ; Jennifer Pilkington ; Christina BURROUGHS ; Simon VANDEKAR in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 55-1 (January 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-1 (January 2025) . - p.130-146 Titre : Investigating Social Competence in a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Theatre-Based Intervention Enhanced for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder : Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Alexandra P. KEY, Auteur ; Mark E. KLEMENCIC, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Dorita JONES, Auteur ; Jennifer Pilkington, Auteur ; Christina BURROUGHS, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.130-146 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges in social competence that persist in adulthood, yet few treatment options exist. A pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) of a peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention with established efficacy in youth with ASD was examined in autistic adults. The final sample consisted of forty-seven 18-to-40-year-old participants randomized to the experimental (EXP N = 23) or waitlist control (WLC N = 24) condition. A multimodal, social interdependent model was employed to examine social competence changes in brain (incidental face memory (IFM) using event-related potentials), cognition (Wechsler Memory Scale-III), behavior (Contextual Assessment of Social Skills) and function (Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS); Adaptive Behavior Assessment Scale (ABAS) Social Composite). Using analysis of covariance in which pretest was controlled in the model, posttest between-group differences were observed on IFM (p = 0.016, ?2 = 0.139, d = 0.79) and several social and adaptive functional (SRS, ABAS) outcomes in social communication and interaction (SCI) (p = 0.019, ?2 = 0.121, d = -00.45), communication (p = 0.044 ?2 = 0.09, d = -00.31), and motivation (p = 0.001, ?2 = 0.229, d = -0.79) domains. At two-month follow-up, gains in social motivation remained (p = 0.041, ?2 = 0.100, d = -0.77). The results offer preliminary support for a unique theatre-based social skills intervention for autistic adults who have few treatment options to enhance social competence. The trial was pre-registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04349644). En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06214-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=546 [article] Investigating Social Competence in a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of a Theatre-Based Intervention Enhanced for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder : Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Alexandra P. KEY, Auteur ; Mark E. KLEMENCIC, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Dorita JONES, Auteur ; Jennifer Pilkington, Auteur ; Christina BURROUGHS, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur . - p.130-146. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 55-1 (January 2025) . - p.130-146 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges in social competence that persist in adulthood, yet few treatment options exist. A pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) of a peer-mediated, theatre-based intervention with established efficacy in youth with ASD was examined in autistic adults. The final sample consisted of forty-seven 18-to-40-year-old participants randomized to the experimental (EXP N = 23) or waitlist control (WLC N = 24) condition. A multimodal, social interdependent model was employed to examine social competence changes in brain (incidental face memory (IFM) using event-related potentials), cognition (Wechsler Memory Scale-III), behavior (Contextual Assessment of Social Skills) and function (Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS); Adaptive Behavior Assessment Scale (ABAS) Social Composite). Using analysis of covariance in which pretest was controlled in the model, posttest between-group differences were observed on IFM (p = 0.016, ?2 = 0.139, d = 0.79) and several social and adaptive functional (SRS, ABAS) outcomes in social communication and interaction (SCI) (p = 0.019, ?2 = 0.121, d = -00.45), communication (p = 0.044 ?2 = 0.09, d = -00.31), and motivation (p = 0.001, ?2 = 0.229, d = -0.79) domains. At two-month follow-up, gains in social motivation remained (p = 0.041, ?2 = 0.100, d = -0.77). The results offer preliminary support for a unique theatre-based social skills intervention for autistic adults who have few treatment options to enhance social competence. The trial was pre-registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04349644). En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06214-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=546

Pubertal Timing During Early Adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 13-12 (December 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2202-2215 Titre : Pubertal Timing During Early Adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Yasas TANGUTURI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2202-2215 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  autism  development  female  puberty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and poor adaptation to change; thus, the onset of puberty may be a pivotal transition. This cross-sectional study measured pubertal timing to examine hypothesized differences for sex (female vs. male) and group (ASD vs. typical development [TD]). Participants included 239 children (137 ASD, 102 TD) between 10 and 13?years. The ASD group included 35 females and 102 males; the TDs included 44 females and 58 males. Pubertal onset measured by genital or pubic stage was investigated with linear regression using main effects of sex and age-by-sex interactions in TD and ASD groups and main effects of diagnosis and diagnosis-by-age interactions in males and females, controlling for body mass index, socioeconomic status, and race. In TD, examination of main effects for genital (penis/breast) stage showed no difference for male and female children (t = 1.33, P = 0.187, rdf = 92); however, there were significant differences in ASD (t = 2.70, P = 0.008, rdf = 121). For diagnosis modeled separately by sex, there was significantly earlier pubertal development in females with ASD (t = 1.97, P = 0.053, rdf = 70, but not males (t = 1.329, P = 0.186, rdf = 143). In addition, analysis of menses revealed females with ASD had significantly earlier onset than TD (t = -2.56, P = 0.018, rdf = 21). Examination of pubic stage revealed expected sex differences for TD (t = 2,674, P = 0.009, rdf = 91) and ASD (t = 3.482, P = 0.001, rdf = 121). Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD, as differences may have significant psychological, social, physiological, and developmental consequences. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty with social communication and respond poorly to change, which may include the onset and course of puberty. The study measured the timing of puberty in 239 children (137 ASD and 102 typical development [TD]) between 10 and 13?years based on pubertal stage of genital (breast/penis) and pubic hair development. Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for an enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2406 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 [article] Pubertal Timing During Early Adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Yasas TANGUTURI, Auteur . - p.2202-2215. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 13-12 (December 2020) . - p.2202-2215 Mots-clés : adolescence  autism  development  female  puberty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and poor adaptation to change; thus, the onset of puberty may be a pivotal transition. This cross-sectional study measured pubertal timing to examine hypothesized differences for sex (female vs. male) and group (ASD vs. typical development [TD]). Participants included 239 children (137 ASD, 102 TD) between 10 and 13?years. The ASD group included 35 females and 102 males; the TDs included 44 females and 58 males. Pubertal onset measured by genital or pubic stage was investigated with linear regression using main effects of sex and age-by-sex interactions in TD and ASD groups and main effects of diagnosis and diagnosis-by-age interactions in males and females, controlling for body mass index, socioeconomic status, and race. In TD, examination of main effects for genital (penis/breast) stage showed no difference for male and female children (t = 1.33, P = 0.187, rdf = 92); however, there were significant differences in ASD (t = 2.70, P = 0.008, rdf = 121). For diagnosis modeled separately by sex, there was significantly earlier pubertal development in females with ASD (t = 1.97, P = 0.053, rdf = 70, but not males (t = 1.329, P = 0.186, rdf = 143). In addition, analysis of menses revealed females with ASD had significantly earlier onset than TD (t = -2.56, P = 0.018, rdf = 21). Examination of pubic stage revealed expected sex differences for TD (t = 2,674, P = 0.009, rdf = 91) and ASD (t = 3.482, P = 0.001, rdf = 121). Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD, as differences may have significant psychological, social, physiological, and developmental consequences. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty with social communication and respond poorly to change, which may include the onset and course of puberty. The study measured the timing of puberty in 239 children (137 ASD and 102 typical development [TD]) between 10 and 13?years based on pubertal stage of genital (breast/penis) and pubic hair development. Females with ASD evidence advanced pubertal onset relative to ASD males and TD females. Findings underscore the need for an enhanced understanding of pubertal development in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2406 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434

Salivary testosterone in male and female youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: considerations of development, sex, and diagnosis / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

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Social context in stress and autism: comparing physiological profiles across two social paradigms in youth with and without autism spectrum disorder / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 112 (April 2024)  

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The developmental trajectory of diurnal cortisol in autistic and neurotypical youth / Blythe A. CORBETT in Development and Psychopathology, 36-4 (October 2024)  

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Trajectory of depressive symptoms over adolescence in autistic and neurotypical youth / Blythe A. CORBETT in Molecular Autism, 15 (2024)  

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Use of ECT in Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Intellectual Disability: A Single Site Retrospective Analysis / Joshua R. SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-3 (March 2024)  

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