Dépouillements

The autism diagnosis in translation: shared affect in children and mouse models of ASD / Somer L. BISHOP in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.317-335 Titre : The autism diagnosis in translation: shared affect in children and mouse models of ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Garet P. LAHVIS, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.317-335 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the absence of molecular biomarkers that can be used to diagnose ASD, current diagnostic tools depend upon clinical assessments of behavior. Research efforts with human subjects have successfully utilized standardized diagnostic instruments, which include clinician interviews with parents and direct observation of the children themselves [Risi et al., 2006]. However, because clinical instruments are semi-structured and rely heavily on dynamic social processes and clinical skill, scores from these measures do not necessarily lend themselves directly to experimental investigations into the causes of ASD. Studies of the neurobiology of autism require experimental animal models. Mice are particularly useful for elucidating genetic and toxicological contributions to impairments in social function [Halladay et al., 2009]. Behavioral tests have been developed that are relevant to autism [Crawley, 2004, 2007], including measures of repetitive behaviors [Lewis, Tanimura, Lee, & Bodfish, 2007; Moy et al., 2008], social behavior [Brodkin, 2007; Lijam et al., 1997; Moretti, Bouwknecht, Teague, Paylor, & Zoghbi, 2005], and vocal communication [D'Amato et al., 2005; Panksepp et al., 2007; Scattoni et al., 2008]. Advances also include development of high-throughput measures of mouse sociability that can be used to reliably compare inbred mouse strains [Moy et al., 2008; Nadler et al., 2004], as well as measures of social reward [Panksepp & Lahvis, 2007] and empathy [Chen, Panksepp, & Lahvis, 2009; Langford et al., 2006]. With continued generation of mouse gene-targeted mice that are directly relevant to genetic linkages in ASD, there remains an urgent need to utilize a full suite of mouse behavioral tests that allows for a comprehensive assessment of the spectrum of social difficulties relevant to ASD. Using impairments in shared affect as an example, this paper explores potential avenues for collaboration between clinical and basic scientists, within an amply considered translational framework. Autism Res2011,4:317–335. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.216 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] The autism diagnosis in translation: shared affect in children and mouse models of ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Garet P. LAHVIS, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.317-335. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.317-335 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the absence of molecular biomarkers that can be used to diagnose ASD, current diagnostic tools depend upon clinical assessments of behavior. Research efforts with human subjects have successfully utilized standardized diagnostic instruments, which include clinician interviews with parents and direct observation of the children themselves [Risi et al., 2006]. However, because clinical instruments are semi-structured and rely heavily on dynamic social processes and clinical skill, scores from these measures do not necessarily lend themselves directly to experimental investigations into the causes of ASD. Studies of the neurobiology of autism require experimental animal models. Mice are particularly useful for elucidating genetic and toxicological contributions to impairments in social function [Halladay et al., 2009]. Behavioral tests have been developed that are relevant to autism [Crawley, 2004, 2007], including measures of repetitive behaviors [Lewis, Tanimura, Lee, & Bodfish, 2007; Moy et al., 2008], social behavior [Brodkin, 2007; Lijam et al., 1997; Moretti, Bouwknecht, Teague, Paylor, & Zoghbi, 2005], and vocal communication [D'Amato et al., 2005; Panksepp et al., 2007; Scattoni et al., 2008]. Advances also include development of high-throughput measures of mouse sociability that can be used to reliably compare inbred mouse strains [Moy et al., 2008; Nadler et al., 2004], as well as measures of social reward [Panksepp & Lahvis, 2007] and empathy [Chen, Panksepp, & Lahvis, 2009; Langford et al., 2006]. With continued generation of mouse gene-targeted mice that are directly relevant to genetic linkages in ASD, there remains an urgent need to utilize a full suite of mouse behavioral tests that allows for a comprehensive assessment of the spectrum of social difficulties relevant to ASD. Using impairments in shared affect as an example, this paper explores potential avenues for collaboration between clinical and basic scientists, within an amply considered translational framework. Autism Res2011,4:317–335. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.216 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

Factor analysis of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form with parents of young children with autism spectrum disorders / Anat ZAIDMAN-ZAIT in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.336-346 Titre : Factor analysis of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form with parents of young children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anat ZAIDMAN-ZAIT, Auteur ; Pat MIRENDA, Auteur ; Bruno D. ZUMBO, Auteur ; Stelios GEORGIADES, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Wendy ROBERTS, Auteur ; Isabel M. SMITH, Auteur ; Tracy VAILLANCOURT, Auteur ; Joanne VOLDEN, Auteur ; Charlotte WADDELL, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Eric DUKU, Auteur ; Ann THOMPSON, Auteur ; THE PATHWAYS IN ASD STUDY TEAM, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.336-346 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  parenting stress  factor analysis  Parenting Stress Index-Short Form Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The primary purpose of this study was to examine the underlying factor structure of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) in a large cohort of parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A secondary goal was to examine relationships between PSI-SF factors and autism severity, child behavior problems, and parental mental health variables that have been shown to be related to parental stress in previous research. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the three-factor structure described in the PSI-SF manual [Abidin, 1995]: parental distress, parent–child dysfunctional interaction, and difficult child. Results of the CFA indicated that the three-factor structure was unacceptable when applied to the study sample. Thus, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted and suggested a six-factor model as the best alternative for the PSI-SF index. Spearman's correlations revealed significant positive correlations with moderate to large effect sizes between the revised PSI-SF factors and autism severity, externalizing and internalizing child behaviors, and an index of parent mental health. The revised factors represent more narrowly defined aspects of the three original subscales of the PSI-SF and might prove to be advantageous in both research and clinical applications. Autism Res2011,4:336–346. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.213 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] Factor analysis of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form with parents of young children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anat ZAIDMAN-ZAIT, Auteur ; Pat MIRENDA, Auteur ; Bruno D. ZUMBO, Auteur ; Stelios GEORGIADES, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur ; Wendy ROBERTS, Auteur ; Isabel M. SMITH, Auteur ; Tracy VAILLANCOURT, Auteur ; Joanne VOLDEN, Auteur ; Charlotte WADDELL, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Eric DUKU, Auteur ; Ann THOMPSON, Auteur ; THE PATHWAYS IN ASD STUDY TEAM, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.336-346. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.336-346 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  parenting stress  factor analysis  Parenting Stress Index-Short Form Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The primary purpose of this study was to examine the underlying factor structure of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) in a large cohort of parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A secondary goal was to examine relationships between PSI-SF factors and autism severity, child behavior problems, and parental mental health variables that have been shown to be related to parental stress in previous research. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the three-factor structure described in the PSI-SF manual [Abidin, 1995]: parental distress, parent–child dysfunctional interaction, and difficult child. Results of the CFA indicated that the three-factor structure was unacceptable when applied to the study sample. Thus, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted and suggested a six-factor model as the best alternative for the PSI-SF index. Spearman's correlations revealed significant positive correlations with moderate to large effect sizes between the revised PSI-SF factors and autism severity, externalizing and internalizing child behaviors, and an index of parent mental health. The revised factors represent more narrowly defined aspects of the three original subscales of the PSI-SF and might prove to be advantageous in both research and clinical applications. Autism Res2011,4:336–346. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.213 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

No evidence for a fundamental visual motion processing deficit in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders / Catherine R. G. JONES in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.347-357 Titre : No evidence for a fundamental visual motion processing deficit in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine R. G. JONES, Auteur ; John SWETTENHAM, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Anita J.S. MARSDEN, Auteur ; Jenifer TREGAY, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.347-357 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : motion coherence  form-from-motion  biological motion  point light display  mentalizing  theory of mind  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that atypicalities in low-level visual processing contribute to the expression and development of the unusual cognitive and behavioral profile seen in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, previous investigations have yielded mixed results. In the largest study of its kind (ASD n = 89; non-ASD = 52; mean age 15 years 6 months) and testing across the spectrum of IQ (range 52–133), we investigated performance on three measures of basic visual processing: motion coherence, form-from-motion and biological motion (BM). At the group level, we found no evidence of differences between the two groups on any of the tasks, suggesting that there is no fundamental visual motion processing deficit in individuals with an ASD, at least by adolescence. However, we identified a tail of individuals with ASD (18% of the sample) who had exceptionally poor BM processing abilities compared to the non-ASD group, and who were characterized by low IQ. For the entire sample of those both with and without ASD, performance on the BM task uniquely correlated with performance on the Frith–Happé animations, a higher-level task that demands the interpretation of moving, interacting agents in order to understand mental states. We hypothesize that this association reflects the shared social–cognitive characteristics of the two tasks, which have a common neural underpinning in the superior temporal sulcus. Autism Res2011,4:347–357. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.209 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] No evidence for a fundamental visual motion processing deficit in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine R. G. JONES, Auteur ; John SWETTENHAM, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Anita J.S. MARSDEN, Auteur ; Jenifer TREGAY, Auteur ; Gillian BAIRD, Auteur ; Emily SIMONOFF, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.347-357. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.347-357 Mots-clés : motion coherence  form-from-motion  biological motion  point light display  mentalizing  theory of mind  autism spectrum disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that atypicalities in low-level visual processing contribute to the expression and development of the unusual cognitive and behavioral profile seen in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, previous investigations have yielded mixed results. In the largest study of its kind (ASD n = 89; non-ASD = 52; mean age 15 years 6 months) and testing across the spectrum of IQ (range 52–133), we investigated performance on three measures of basic visual processing: motion coherence, form-from-motion and biological motion (BM). At the group level, we found no evidence of differences between the two groups on any of the tasks, suggesting that there is no fundamental visual motion processing deficit in individuals with an ASD, at least by adolescence. However, we identified a tail of individuals with ASD (18% of the sample) who had exceptionally poor BM processing abilities compared to the non-ASD group, and who were characterized by low IQ. For the entire sample of those both with and without ASD, performance on the BM task uniquely correlated with performance on the Frith–Happé animations, a higher-level task that demands the interpretation of moving, interacting agents in order to understand mental states. We hypothesize that this association reflects the shared social–cognitive characteristics of the two tasks, which have a common neural underpinning in the superior temporal sulcus. Autism Res2011,4:347–357. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.209 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

What is the impact of autism on mother–child interactions within families with a child with autism spectrum disorder? / Mieke MEIRSSCHAUT in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.358-367 Titre : What is the impact of autism on mother–child interactions within families with a child with autism spectrum disorder? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mieke MEIRSSCHAUT, Auteur ; Petra WARREYN, Auteur ; Herbert ROEYERS, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.358-367 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : within-family design  mother–child interaction  Autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This within-family study investigated whether mothers differentiate between children in their interactive behavior. Mothers were observed during a play and a task interaction separately with their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (between 46 and 84 months old, M = 68) and with a younger sibling (between 29 and 67 months old, M = 48). Additionally, the social behavior of the children with ASD and their non-ASD siblings was compared. Results show that mothers differentiated in their responsiveness but not in their initiatives toward the children. Children with ASD and their non-ASD siblings were equally responsive but children with ASD were more imperative toward their caregiver. Several interpretations of these findings are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that family-based interventions will benefit from a better understanding of the effect of ASD on mother–child interactions within families with a child with ASD. Therefore, between-family studies should be complemented with within-family studies. Autism Res2011,4:358–367. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.217 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] What is the impact of autism on mother–child interactions within families with a child with autism spectrum disorder? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mieke MEIRSSCHAUT, Auteur ; Petra WARREYN, Auteur ; Herbert ROEYERS, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.358-367. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.358-367 Mots-clés : within-family design  mother–child interaction  Autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This within-family study investigated whether mothers differentiate between children in their interactive behavior. Mothers were observed during a play and a task interaction separately with their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (between 46 and 84 months old, M = 68) and with a younger sibling (between 29 and 67 months old, M = 48). Additionally, the social behavior of the children with ASD and their non-ASD siblings was compared. Results show that mothers differentiated in their responsiveness but not in their initiatives toward the children. Children with ASD and their non-ASD siblings were equally responsive but children with ASD were more imperative toward their caregiver. Several interpretations of these findings are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that family-based interventions will benefit from a better understanding of the effect of ASD on mother–child interactions within families with a child with ASD. Therefore, between-family studies should be complemented with within-family studies. Autism Res2011,4:358–367. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.217 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

Brain abnormalities in a Neuroligin3 R451C knockin mouse model associated with autism / Jacob ELLEGOOD in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.368-376 Titre : Brain abnormalities in a Neuroligin3 R451C knockin mouse model associated with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jacob ELLEGOOD, Auteur ; Jason LERCH, Auteur ; R. Mark HENKELMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.368-376 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : animal models  magnetic resonance imaging  diffusion tensor imaging  neuroligin3  volume assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used quite extensively for examining morphological changes in human and animal brains. One of the many advantages to examining mouse models of human autism is that we are able to examine single gene targets, like that of Neuroligin3 R451C knockin (NL3 KI), which has been directly implicated in human autism. The NL3 KI mouse model has marked volume differences in many different structures in the brain: gray matter structures, such as the hippocampus, the striatum, and the thalamus, were all found to be smaller in the NL3 KI. Further, many white matter structures were found to be significantly smaller, such as the cerebral peduncle, corpus callosum, fornix/fimbria, and internal capsule. Fractional anisotropy measurements in these structures were also measured, and no differences were found. The volume changes in the white matter regions, therefore, are not due to a general breakdown in the microstructure of the tissue and seem to be caused by fewer axons or less mature axons. A larger radial diffusivity was also found in localized regions of the corpus callosum and cerebellum. The corpus callosal changes are particularly interesting as the thinning (or reduced volume) of the corpus callosum is a consistent finding in autism. This suggests that the NL3 KI model may be useful for examining white matter changes associated with autism. Autism Res2011,4:368–376. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.215 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] Brain abnormalities in a Neuroligin3 R451C knockin mouse model associated with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jacob ELLEGOOD, Auteur ; Jason LERCH, Auteur ; R. Mark HENKELMAN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.368-376. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.368-376 Mots-clés : animal models  magnetic resonance imaging  diffusion tensor imaging  neuroligin3  volume assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used quite extensively for examining morphological changes in human and animal brains. One of the many advantages to examining mouse models of human autism is that we are able to examine single gene targets, like that of Neuroligin3 R451C knockin (NL3 KI), which has been directly implicated in human autism. The NL3 KI mouse model has marked volume differences in many different structures in the brain: gray matter structures, such as the hippocampus, the striatum, and the thalamus, were all found to be smaller in the NL3 KI. Further, many white matter structures were found to be significantly smaller, such as the cerebral peduncle, corpus callosum, fornix/fimbria, and internal capsule. Fractional anisotropy measurements in these structures were also measured, and no differences were found. The volume changes in the white matter regions, therefore, are not due to a general breakdown in the microstructure of the tissue and seem to be caused by fewer axons or less mature axons. A larger radial diffusivity was also found in localized regions of the corpus callosum and cerebellum. The corpus callosal changes are particularly interesting as the thinning (or reduced volume) of the corpus callosum is a consistent finding in autism. This suggests that the NL3 KI model may be useful for examining white matter changes associated with autism. Autism Res2011,4:368–376. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.215 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

No major effect of twinning on autistic traits / Sarah CURRAN in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.377-382 Titre : No major effect of twinning on autistic traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah CURRAN, Auteur ; Katharina DWORZYNSKI, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.377-382 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : clinical psychiatry  developmental psychology  diagnosis  epidemiology  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: It has been questioned whether the process of twinning might be a risk factor for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and autistic traits. Aim: We sought to determine whether autistic traits and probable disorder, as measured by the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), were more pronounced in twins compared to singletons. Samples: Data were analyzed from two large population-based samples of UK children, twins (n = 5,142 twin pairs, aged 8 years) and singletons (n = 2,805, aged 5–9 years). Results: Distributions of CAST scores in both groups were negatively skewed and scores for twins were more variable than singletons. Mean CAST total scores and standard errors (SE) were not significantly different for twins (5.1; SE 0.04) compared to singletons (4.9; SE 0.08). Moreover, contrary to expectations, the likelihood of scoring above the threshold for possible ASC was significantly lower in the twins than the singletons (OR = 0.69; P = 0.002). Subsidiary analyses of CAST scores according to sex, twin type, and subscale scores representing the subdomains of autism found a few significant differences (P<0.01), but the effect sizes for these differences were small and none exceeded η2 = 0.005. The explanation for these small differences remains obscure, but the very small effect sizes mean they are of little importance. Conclusions: Our results do not provide evidence to support twinning as a risk factor in the development of autistic traits. Autism Res2011,4:377–382. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.207 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] No major effect of twinning on autistic traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah CURRAN, Auteur ; Katharina DWORZYNSKI, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carol BRAYNE, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.377-382. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.377-382 Mots-clés : clinical psychiatry  developmental psychology  diagnosis  epidemiology  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: It has been questioned whether the process of twinning might be a risk factor for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and autistic traits. Aim: We sought to determine whether autistic traits and probable disorder, as measured by the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), were more pronounced in twins compared to singletons. Samples: Data were analyzed from two large population-based samples of UK children, twins (n = 5,142 twin pairs, aged 8 years) and singletons (n = 2,805, aged 5–9 years). Results: Distributions of CAST scores in both groups were negatively skewed and scores for twins were more variable than singletons. Mean CAST total scores and standard errors (SE) were not significantly different for twins (5.1; SE 0.04) compared to singletons (4.9; SE 0.08). Moreover, contrary to expectations, the likelihood of scoring above the threshold for possible ASC was significantly lower in the twins than the singletons (OR = 0.69; P = 0.002). Subsidiary analyses of CAST scores according to sex, twin type, and subscale scores representing the subdomains of autism found a few significant differences (P<0.01), but the effect sizes for these differences were small and none exceeded η2 = 0.005. The explanation for these small differences remains obscure, but the very small effect sizes mean they are of little importance. Conclusions: Our results do not provide evidence to support twinning as a risk factor in the development of autistic traits. Autism Res2011,4:377–382. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.207 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

Impairments in multisensory processing are not universal to the autism spectrum: no evidence for crossmodal priming deficits in Asperger syndrome / Nicole DAVID in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.383-388 Titre : Impairments in multisensory processing are not universal to the autism spectrum: no evidence for crossmodal priming deficits in Asperger syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Till R. SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Andreas K. ENGEL, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.383-388 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome  high-functioning autism  multisensory processing  crossmodal priming  local processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show a tendency for detail- or feature-based perception (also referred to as “local processing bias”) instead of more holistic stimulus processing typical for unaffected people. This local processing bias has been demonstrated for the visual and auditory domains and there is evidence that multisensory processing may also be affected in ASD. Most multisensory processing paradigms used social-communicative stimuli, such as human speech or faces, probing the processing of simultaneously occuring sensory signals. Multisensory processing, however, is not limited to simultaneous stimulation. In this study, we investigated whether multisensory processing deficits in ASD persist when semantically complex but nonsocial stimuli are presented in succession. Fifteen adult individuals with Asperger syndrome and 15 control persons participated in a visual-audio priming task, which required the classification of sounds that were either primed by semantically congruent or incongruent preceding pictures of objects. As expected, performance on congruent trials was faster and more accurate compared with incongruent trials (crossmodal priming effect). The Asperger group, however, did not differ significantly from the control group. Our results do not support a general multisensory processing deficit, which is universal to the entire autism spectrum. Autism Res2011,4:383–388. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.210 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] Impairments in multisensory processing are not universal to the autism spectrum: no evidence for crossmodal priming deficits in Asperger syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Till R. SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Andreas K. ENGEL, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.383-388. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.383-388 Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome  high-functioning autism  multisensory processing  crossmodal priming  local processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often show a tendency for detail- or feature-based perception (also referred to as “local processing bias”) instead of more holistic stimulus processing typical for unaffected people. This local processing bias has been demonstrated for the visual and auditory domains and there is evidence that multisensory processing may also be affected in ASD. Most multisensory processing paradigms used social-communicative stimuli, such as human speech or faces, probing the processing of simultaneously occuring sensory signals. Multisensory processing, however, is not limited to simultaneous stimulation. In this study, we investigated whether multisensory processing deficits in ASD persist when semantically complex but nonsocial stimuli are presented in succession. Fifteen adult individuals with Asperger syndrome and 15 control persons participated in a visual-audio priming task, which required the classification of sounds that were either primed by semantically congruent or incongruent preceding pictures of objects. As expected, performance on congruent trials was faster and more accurate compared with incongruent trials (crossmodal priming effect). The Asperger group, however, did not differ significantly from the control group. Our results do not support a general multisensory processing deficit, which is universal to the entire autism spectrum. Autism Res2011,4:383–388. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.210 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

Lay abstracts in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.389-391 Titre : Lay abstracts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.389-391 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.229 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] Lay abstracts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2011 . - p.389-391. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.389-391 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.229 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145

International Society for Autism Research news in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.392 Titre : International Society for Autism Research news Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.392 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.232 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145 [article] International Society for Autism Research news [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2011 . - p.392. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 4-5 (October 2011) . - p.392 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.232 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145