Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire / Cyrielle DERGUY in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1666-1681 Titre : Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cyrielle DERGUY, Auteur ; Benoite AUBE, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur ; Federica MAROTTA, Auteur ; Déborah LOYAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1666-1681 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Attitude  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Schools  Surveys and Questionnaires  explicit attitudes  public stigma  scale validation  school inclusion  school-age children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has shown that negative attitudes toward a different child can appear very early in development. Unfortunately, these negative attitudes are one of the most important barriers to the school inclusion of children with autism. Despite the increasing amount of research, no tool reliably measures these attitudes among young students. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire) to evaluate attitudes of students in elementary school toward their peers with autism. Elementary school students (N = 204) completed the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire and two other scales assessing behavioral intentions toward peers with a mental disability (Shared Activities Questionnaire-B) and familiarity with disability and autism. Results first showed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire reliably measured the concept of attitude through three sub-dimensions (namely, the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions). Second, analyses confirmed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire corresponds with previous knowledge on this topic, namely, that attitudes were more positive in girls, older children, and children familiar with disability. In conclusion, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire is the first scale (1) to assess all the dimensions of attitudes toward autism among elementary school children (from the age of 6years old) and (2) to show theoretical and statistical relevance. From now on, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire can be used to assess attitudes of young children toward their peers with autism. This is an important step forward, in particular for evaluating the effects of anti-stigma programs that are increasingly implemented in schools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211000163 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=484 [article] Another step to school inclusion: Development and validation of the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cyrielle DERGUY, Auteur ; Benoite AUBE, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur ; Federica MAROTTA, Auteur ; Déborah LOYAL, Auteur . - p.1666-1681. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1666-1681 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Attitude  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Schools  Surveys and Questionnaires  explicit attitudes  public stigma  scale validation  school inclusion  school-age children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research has shown that negative attitudes toward a different child can appear very early in development. Unfortunately, these negative attitudes are one of the most important barriers to the school inclusion of children with autism. Despite the increasing amount of research, no tool reliably measures these attitudes among young students. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire (Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire) to evaluate attitudes of students in elementary school toward their peers with autism. Elementary school students (N = 204) completed the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire and two other scales assessing behavioral intentions toward peers with a mental disability (Shared Activities Questionnaire-B) and familiarity with disability and autism. Results first showed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire reliably measured the concept of attitude through three sub-dimensions (namely, the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions). Second, analyses confirmed that the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire corresponds with previous knowledge on this topic, namely, that attitudes were more positive in girls, older children, and children familiar with disability. In conclusion, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire is the first scale (1) to assess all the dimensions of attitudes toward autism among elementary school children (from the age of 6years old) and (2) to show theoretical and statistical relevance. From now on, the Children's Attitudes Toward Autism Questionnaire can be used to assess attitudes of young children toward their peers with autism. This is an important step forward, in particular for evaluating the effects of anti-stigma programs that are increasingly implemented in schools. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211000163 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=484

Self-compassion as an antidote to self-stigma and shame in autistic adults / Raven BUREAU ; Odile ROHMER ; Céline CLEMENT ; Luisa WEINER in Autism, 29-6 (June 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-6 (June 2025) . - p.1569-1584 Titre : Self-compassion as an antidote to self-stigma and shame in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Raven BUREAU, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur ; Céline CLEMENT, Auteur ; Luisa WEINER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1569-1584 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  depression  self-compassion  self-stigma  shame Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals are frequently exposed to stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination. Through the lived experience of stigmatizing attitudes, autistic people can internalize the negative stereotypes associated with autism. This phenomenon is known as self-stigma. In non-autistic populations, self-stigma is associated with shame and negative mental health outcomes. In this study, we aim to better understand the mental health outcomes associated with self-stigma in autism and to investigate whether and how self-compassion compared to camouflaging may protect from self-stigma in autistic individuals. For this purpose, 689 adults who reported a diagnosis of autism were recruited online and completed self-reported questionnaires for self-stigma (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale-9 items), self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale-short form), depression (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21) and camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire). We conducted mediation analysis and moderated mediation analysis. Our results indicate that self-stigma is highly prevalent in autistic adults (45.5%), correlated to depression (? (687) = 0.437, p < 0.001) and that internalized shame mediates the relationship between self-stigma and depressive symptoms (b = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = (1.11, 1.94)). Self-compassion moderates this mediation (Indirect Effect, IE = ?0.305, 95% confidence interval = (0.601, 0.014), ? = 0.183, z = 2.012, p = 0.044), whereas camouflaging does not (IE = 0.003, 95% confidence interval = (0.009, 0.015), ? = 0.0531, z = 0.514, p = 0.607). These results highlight the protective effect of self-compassion on the negative impacts of self-stigma in autistic individuals. Future research should explore how to adapt existing compassion-focused interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy to reduce self-stigma and shame in autistic populations.Lay abstract What is already known about the topic?Autistic individuals are frequently exposed to stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination. Negative stereotypes about autism, such as dangerousness or inability to work, are very frequent in our societies. Through exposure to these stigmatizing ideas, autistic people can internalize these ideas and begin to believe them to be true about themselves. This is self-stigma. Past research conducted with non-autistic individuals indicate that self-stigma can lead people to feel ashamed of who they are and deteriorate their mental health.What this paper adds?In this paper, we found that self-stigma in autistic people increases depressive symptoms through feelings of shame. We then showed that relating to self with compassion - that is, to be friendly towards oneself (kindness), be aware of one?s feelings and thoughts (mindful awareness) and realize that everyone feels pain and makes mistakes (common humanity) - helps reducing the negatives consequences of self-stigma on mental health. We also demonstrated that camouflaging does not modify the impact of self-stigma on mental health.Implications for practice, research or policy?Because self-compassion can protect from the negative effects of self-stigma, future research should explore how to adapt existing compassion-focused interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy to reduce self-stigma and shame in autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251316965 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=558 [article] Self-compassion as an antidote to self-stigma and shame in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Raven BUREAU, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur ; Céline CLEMENT, Auteur ; Luisa WEINER, Auteur . - p.1569-1584. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-6 (June 2025) . - p.1569-1584 Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  depression  self-compassion  self-stigma  shame Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic individuals are frequently exposed to stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination. Through the lived experience of stigmatizing attitudes, autistic people can internalize the negative stereotypes associated with autism. This phenomenon is known as self-stigma. In non-autistic populations, self-stigma is associated with shame and negative mental health outcomes. In this study, we aim to better understand the mental health outcomes associated with self-stigma in autism and to investigate whether and how self-compassion compared to camouflaging may protect from self-stigma in autistic individuals. For this purpose, 689 adults who reported a diagnosis of autism were recruited online and completed self-reported questionnaires for self-stigma (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale-9 items), self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale-short form), depression (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21) and camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire). We conducted mediation analysis and moderated mediation analysis. Our results indicate that self-stigma is highly prevalent in autistic adults (45.5%), correlated to depression (? (687) = 0.437, p < 0.001) and that internalized shame mediates the relationship between self-stigma and depressive symptoms (b = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = (1.11, 1.94)). Self-compassion moderates this mediation (Indirect Effect, IE = ?0.305, 95% confidence interval = (0.601, 0.014), ? = 0.183, z = 2.012, p = 0.044), whereas camouflaging does not (IE = 0.003, 95% confidence interval = (0.009, 0.015), ? = 0.0531, z = 0.514, p = 0.607). These results highlight the protective effect of self-compassion on the negative impacts of self-stigma in autistic individuals. Future research should explore how to adapt existing compassion-focused interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy to reduce self-stigma and shame in autistic populations.Lay abstract What is already known about the topic?Autistic individuals are frequently exposed to stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination. Negative stereotypes about autism, such as dangerousness or inability to work, are very frequent in our societies. Through exposure to these stigmatizing ideas, autistic people can internalize these ideas and begin to believe them to be true about themselves. This is self-stigma. Past research conducted with non-autistic individuals indicate that self-stigma can lead people to feel ashamed of who they are and deteriorate their mental health.What this paper adds?In this paper, we found that self-stigma in autistic people increases depressive symptoms through feelings of shame. We then showed that relating to self with compassion - that is, to be friendly towards oneself (kindness), be aware of one?s feelings and thoughts (mindful awareness) and realize that everyone feels pain and makes mistakes (common humanity) - helps reducing the negatives consequences of self-stigma on mental health. We also demonstrated that camouflaging does not modify the impact of self-stigma on mental health.Implications for practice, research or policy?Because self-compassion can protect from the negative effects of self-stigma, future research should explore how to adapt existing compassion-focused interventions and evaluate their feasibility and efficacy to reduce self-stigma and shame in autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251316965 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=558

Teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder: Impact of students’ difficulties / Mickaël JURY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 83 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 83 (May 2021) . - 101746 Titre : Teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder: Impact of students’ difficulties Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mickaël JURY, Auteur ; Anne-Laure PERRIN, Auteur ; Caroline DESOMBRE, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101746 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Inclusive education  Attitudes  Autism spectrum disorder  Stereotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are less included within mainstream educational systems. We argued that teachers’ attitudes toward their inclusion represent a key factor to understand this issue. Based on previous research showing that teachers are frequently reluctant to include them in mainstream education, we hypothesized that teachers’ attitudes could be predicted by the specific difficulties faced by these students. Method One thousand and sixty-four teachers were asked to express their attitudes toward the inclusion of students with ASD in an online questionnaire. The co-occurring difficulties that students with ASD could face were experimentally manipulated through brief information depicting specific set of difficulties. Results Teachers expressed more positive attitudes toward the inclusion of students with ASD with no difficulties, in comparison with those with behavioral difficulties, behavioral and cognitive difficulties, or those for whom difficulties were not specified – the control condition. Unexpectedly, teachers were not more positive regarding the inclusion of students with ASD with no difficulties in comparison with those with cognitive difficulties. Conclusions Without specific information, it seems that teachers spontaneously associated ASD with behavioral difficulties and that teachers’ attitudes were the most negative for students facing such difficulties (regardless of the presence or absence of cognitive difficulties). Nonetheless, by also suggesting that attitudes toward the inclusion of these students can be positive, these results seem to corroborate that the use of broader categories like “students with ASD” could be discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101746 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=446 [article] Teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder: Impact of students’ difficulties [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mickaël JURY, Auteur ; Anne-Laure PERRIN, Auteur ; Caroline DESOMBRE, Auteur ; Odile ROHMER, Auteur . - 101746. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 83 (May 2021) . - 101746 Mots-clés : Inclusive education  Attitudes  Autism spectrum disorder  Stereotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are less included within mainstream educational systems. We argued that teachers’ attitudes toward their inclusion represent a key factor to understand this issue. Based on previous research showing that teachers are frequently reluctant to include them in mainstream education, we hypothesized that teachers’ attitudes could be predicted by the specific difficulties faced by these students. Method One thousand and sixty-four teachers were asked to express their attitudes toward the inclusion of students with ASD in an online questionnaire. The co-occurring difficulties that students with ASD could face were experimentally manipulated through brief information depicting specific set of difficulties. Results Teachers expressed more positive attitudes toward the inclusion of students with ASD with no difficulties, in comparison with those with behavioral difficulties, behavioral and cognitive difficulties, or those for whom difficulties were not specified – the control condition. Unexpectedly, teachers were not more positive regarding the inclusion of students with ASD with no difficulties in comparison with those with cognitive difficulties. Conclusions Without specific information, it seems that teachers spontaneously associated ASD with behavioral difficulties and that teachers’ attitudes were the most negative for students facing such difficulties (regardless of the presence or absence of cognitive difficulties). Nonetheless, by also suggesting that attitudes toward the inclusion of these students can be positive, these results seem to corroborate that the use of broader categories like “students with ASD” could be discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101746 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=446

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