Autism disclosure ? The decisions autistic adults make / Armita FARSINEJAD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 93 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 93 (May 2022) . - 101936 Titre : Autism disclosure ? The decisions autistic adults make Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Armita FARSINEJAD, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101936 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Disclosure  Stigmatised identities  Social identity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autistic people face dilemmas regarding whether to disclose their autism due to the potential negative consequences. While there have been studies examining the issue of disclosure, a small but growing number have specifically investigated how autistic adults make decisions to disclose. The aim of the study was to understand the perspective of autistic adults about the decisions behind disclosure. Methods This cross-sectional mixed methods study recruited 30 autistic adults who completed an online survey. The online survey included free response text spaces to answer questions about disclosure. An inductive approach using thematic analysis was used for the analyses of the survey responses. Participants also completed two self report measures about how strongly they identify with an autism identity and how positively they view this identity. Results Themes of informed judgement and raising awareness appeared central to how decisions were made to disclose Autism. Participants did not strongly identify with the diagnostic label, nor did they feel particularly negative towards the label. Conclusion Misconceptions and stigma about autism can inhibit individuals from disclosing and can contribute to poorer mental health. Thus, educating the public is vital to reduce negative misconceptions of autism to not only better understand Autism but to help raise awareness so that autism can be discussed without fear of stigmatisation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101936 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475 [article] Autism disclosure ? The decisions autistic adults make [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Armita FARSINEJAD, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur . - 101936. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 93 (May 2022) . - 101936 Mots-clés : Autism  Disclosure  Stigmatised identities  Social identity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autistic people face dilemmas regarding whether to disclose their autism due to the potential negative consequences. While there have been studies examining the issue of disclosure, a small but growing number have specifically investigated how autistic adults make decisions to disclose. The aim of the study was to understand the perspective of autistic adults about the decisions behind disclosure. Methods This cross-sectional mixed methods study recruited 30 autistic adults who completed an online survey. The online survey included free response text spaces to answer questions about disclosure. An inductive approach using thematic analysis was used for the analyses of the survey responses. Participants also completed two self report measures about how strongly they identify with an autism identity and how positively they view this identity. Results Themes of informed judgement and raising awareness appeared central to how decisions were made to disclose Autism. Participants did not strongly identify with the diagnostic label, nor did they feel particularly negative towards the label. Conclusion Misconceptions and stigma about autism can inhibit individuals from disclosing and can contribute to poorer mental health. Thus, educating the public is vital to reduce negative misconceptions of autism to not only better understand Autism but to help raise awareness so that autism can be discussed without fear of stigmatisation. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101936 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475

Healthcare clinician perspectives on the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria / Kate COOPER in Autism, 27-1 (January 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-1 (January 2023) . - p.31-42 Titre : Healthcare clinician perspectives on the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate COOPER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.31-42 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism adaptations  autism spectrum disorders  gender clinics  gender dysphoria  gender identity  health services  transgender healthcare Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are over-represented at gender clinics, but there is limited research to guide clinical practice with this group. We investigated the perspectives of clinicians working with autistic patients who experience gender dysphoria. We asked clinicians about the relationship between autism and gender dysphoria, and whether they work differently with this patient group. We recruited clinicians from young person and adult gender clinics and autism services (n=16). We analysed the interview transcripts using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The first overarching theme was clinician understanding of the intertwined experiences of patients, with four subthemes: (a) coming to an individualised understanding of autism, gender dysphoria, and mental health; (b) different ways of thinking about gender; (c) social differences as barriers and facilitators to gender comfort; (d) the challenge of sensory sensitivities and puberty. The second overarching theme was mismatch of patient and clinician communication styles and goals, with three subthemes: (a) different communication of gender needs; (b) changing clinical sessions to overcome barriers; (c) tension between clinician and patient aims and thinking styles. We conclude that autism adaptations should be made in gender settings, by increasing clinician understanding of how autism and gender dysphoria can intersect, as well as by making adjustments to clinic processes. Lay Abstract Autistic people are more likely to have a gender identity which does not match their sex assigned at birth. Some people experience distress about their sex and gender not matching, which is called gender dysphoria. Such individuals may wish to attend a gender clinic to access healthcare support for gender dysphoria. Currently, there is limited evidence to help clinicians best support autistic people who need healthcare for gender dysphoria. We wanted to find out what healthcare clinicians think about working with autistic patients with gender dysphoria. We interviewed 16 clinicians who work in healthcare services with adults and young people who are autistic and experience gender dysphoria. We recorded the interviews and carefully analysed the content to find key themes. We found that clinicians worked with patients to try and better understand their experiences of gender dysphoria. Clinicians identified features of autism that they believed were related to gender identity and dysphoria including different thinking styles, social differences, and sensory sensitivities. Clinicians noticed that autistic people spoke about their gender in different ways to non-autistic people. Clinicians tried to adapt their practice to better meet the needs of their autistic patients. These adaptations tended to focus on differences in the assessment process, for example, offering longer or shorter appointments and changing their communication style. We conclude that clinicians were offering an individualised approach to autistic patients experiencing gender dysphoria. However, these clinicians were particularly interested in working with autistic people, and so may not be representative of the wider clinician population. Clinicians working in this area should receive training on autism adaptations and the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221080315 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] Healthcare clinician perspectives on the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate COOPER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur . - p.31-42. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 27-1 (January 2023) . - p.31-42 Mots-clés : autism adaptations  autism spectrum disorders  gender clinics  gender dysphoria  gender identity  health services  transgender healthcare Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are over-represented at gender clinics, but there is limited research to guide clinical practice with this group. We investigated the perspectives of clinicians working with autistic patients who experience gender dysphoria. We asked clinicians about the relationship between autism and gender dysphoria, and whether they work differently with this patient group. We recruited clinicians from young person and adult gender clinics and autism services (n=16). We analysed the interview transcripts using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The first overarching theme was clinician understanding of the intertwined experiences of patients, with four subthemes: (a) coming to an individualised understanding of autism, gender dysphoria, and mental health; (b) different ways of thinking about gender; (c) social differences as barriers and facilitators to gender comfort; (d) the challenge of sensory sensitivities and puberty. The second overarching theme was mismatch of patient and clinician communication styles and goals, with three subthemes: (a) different communication of gender needs; (b) changing clinical sessions to overcome barriers; (c) tension between clinician and patient aims and thinking styles. We conclude that autism adaptations should be made in gender settings, by increasing clinician understanding of how autism and gender dysphoria can intersect, as well as by making adjustments to clinic processes. Lay Abstract Autistic people are more likely to have a gender identity which does not match their sex assigned at birth. Some people experience distress about their sex and gender not matching, which is called gender dysphoria. Such individuals may wish to attend a gender clinic to access healthcare support for gender dysphoria. Currently, there is limited evidence to help clinicians best support autistic people who need healthcare for gender dysphoria. We wanted to find out what healthcare clinicians think about working with autistic patients with gender dysphoria. We interviewed 16 clinicians who work in healthcare services with adults and young people who are autistic and experience gender dysphoria. We recorded the interviews and carefully analysed the content to find key themes. We found that clinicians worked with patients to try and better understand their experiences of gender dysphoria. Clinicians identified features of autism that they believed were related to gender identity and dysphoria including different thinking styles, social differences, and sensory sensitivities. Clinicians noticed that autistic people spoke about their gender in different ways to non-autistic people. Clinicians tried to adapt their practice to better meet the needs of their autistic patients. These adaptations tended to focus on differences in the assessment process, for example, offering longer or shorter appointments and changing their communication style. We conclude that clinicians were offering an individualised approach to autistic patients experiencing gender dysphoria. However, these clinicians were particularly interested in working with autistic people, and so may not be representative of the wider clinician population. Clinicians working in this area should receive training on autism adaptations and the intersection of autism and gender dysphoria. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221080315 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Phenomenology of gender dysphoria in autism: a multiperspective qualitative analysis / Kate COOPER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-2 (February 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-2 (February 2023) . - p.265-276 Titre : Phenomenology of gender dysphoria in autism: a multiperspective qualitative analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate COOPER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.265-276 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autistic people are overrepresented in gender clinic settings, but limited evidence is available to guide clinical decision making for this patient group. We aimed to generate a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenology of gender dysphoria in autistic people. Methods We conducted a multi-perspectival interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), from five different perspectives; autistic young people and adults with experience of gender dysphoria, parents of young people, and clinicians working with autistic people with gender dysphoria in both adult and young person settings (n = 68). Results IPA analysis resulted in two themes, ˜discovering gender identity’ and ˜the complexities of moving towards gender comfort’. Participants agreed that there was often an interaction between gender dysphoria and features of autism such as sensory sensitivities. There was relative consensus across groups about the need for autism adaptations to be made in gender clinics. Autistic adults were more likely to see autism as an important identity than young people, but both groups were clear that autism did not impair their understanding of gender. In contrast, some parents and clinicians working with young people expressed concern that autism did impact self-understanding. Discussion While the groups tended to agree on the ways in which particular features of autism can compound gender dysphoria, there were a range of perspectives on the ways in which autism impacted on self-knowledge. Conclusion Recommendations for adaptations when working with autistic people with gender dysphoria are presented. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13691 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492 [article] Phenomenology of gender dysphoria in autism: a multiperspective qualitative analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate COOPER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.265-276. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-2 (February 2023) . - p.265-276 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autistic people are overrepresented in gender clinic settings, but limited evidence is available to guide clinical decision making for this patient group. We aimed to generate a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenology of gender dysphoria in autistic people. Methods We conducted a multi-perspectival interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), from five different perspectives; autistic young people and adults with experience of gender dysphoria, parents of young people, and clinicians working with autistic people with gender dysphoria in both adult and young person settings (n = 68). Results IPA analysis resulted in two themes, ˜discovering gender identity’ and ˜the complexities of moving towards gender comfort’. Participants agreed that there was often an interaction between gender dysphoria and features of autism such as sensory sensitivities. There was relative consensus across groups about the need for autism adaptations to be made in gender clinics. Autistic adults were more likely to see autism as an important identity than young people, but both groups were clear that autism did not impair their understanding of gender. In contrast, some parents and clinicians working with young people expressed concern that autism did impact self-understanding. Discussion While the groups tended to agree on the ways in which particular features of autism can compound gender dysphoria, there were a range of perspectives on the ways in which autism impacted on self-knowledge. Conclusion Recommendations for adaptations when working with autistic people with gender dysphoria are presented. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13691 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492

The lived experience of gender dysphoria in autistic adults: An interpretative phenomenological analysis / Kate COOPER in Autism, 26-4 (May 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-4 (May 2022) . - p.963-974 Titre : The lived experience of gender dysphoria in autistic adults: An interpretative phenomenological analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate COOPER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.963-974 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Female  Gender Dysphoria/psychology  Gender Identity  Humans  Infant, Newborn  Male  Transgender Persons/psychology  autism spectrum disorders  gender diversity  gender dysphoria  transgender healthcare  transgender identities  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication  of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are more likely to be transgender, which means having a gender identity different to one's sex assigned at birth. Some transgender people experience distress about their gender and sex assigned at birth not matching which is called gender dysphoria. Research has focused on finding out why autistic people are more likely to have gender dysphoria, and less on what the experience of gender dysphoria is like for autistic people. We interviewed 21 autistic adults about their experience of incongruence between their gender identity and sex assigned at birth, and any associated distress. We carefully read the transcripts of the interviews, focusing on how participants understood their experiences. We found a range of themes from the interviews. Participants were distressed because their bodies did not match their gender identities. Participants told us they had to work hard to understand themselves and who they were, and to manage having multiple different needs such as mental health needs. It was upsetting for participants to experience discrimination because of being autistic and/or transgender. Some participants said it was more difficult to get transgender healthcare as an autistic person. Some participants thought being autistic had helped them understand their gender identity more than non-autistic people. Other participants found it was challenging to be both autistic and transgender. For example, most participants wanted to change their bodies to match their gender identity, but some participants were nervous about making changes to themselves and their routine due to being autistic. We conclude that autism can in some ways be helpful and other ways contribute to challenges for transgender autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211039113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] The lived experience of gender dysphoria in autistic adults: An interpretative phenomenological analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate COOPER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Catherine BUTLER, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur . - p.963-974. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-4 (May 2022) . - p.963-974 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Female  Gender Dysphoria/psychology  Gender Identity  Humans  Infant, Newborn  Male  Transgender Persons/psychology  autism spectrum disorders  gender diversity  gender dysphoria  transgender healthcare  transgender identities  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication  of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people are more likely to be transgender, which means having a gender identity different to one's sex assigned at birth. Some transgender people experience distress about their gender and sex assigned at birth not matching which is called gender dysphoria. Research has focused on finding out why autistic people are more likely to have gender dysphoria, and less on what the experience of gender dysphoria is like for autistic people. We interviewed 21 autistic adults about their experience of incongruence between their gender identity and sex assigned at birth, and any associated distress. We carefully read the transcripts of the interviews, focusing on how participants understood their experiences. We found a range of themes from the interviews. Participants were distressed because their bodies did not match their gender identities. Participants told us they had to work hard to understand themselves and who they were, and to manage having multiple different needs such as mental health needs. It was upsetting for participants to experience discrimination because of being autistic and/or transgender. Some participants said it was more difficult to get transgender healthcare as an autistic person. Some participants thought being autistic had helped them understand their gender identity more than non-autistic people. Other participants found it was challenging to be both autistic and transgender. For example, most participants wanted to change their bodies to match their gender identity, but some participants were nervous about making changes to themselves and their routine due to being autistic. We conclude that autism can in some ways be helpful and other ways contribute to challenges for transgender autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211039113 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

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