“Being Integrated Does Not Mean Being Included”: What Factors Contribute to School Exclusion for Autistic Children? / Margaret SCHNEIDER in Autism Research, 18-9 (September 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 18-9 (September 2025) . - p.1851-1860 Titre : “Being Integrated Does Not Mean Being Included”: What Factors Contribute to School Exclusion for Autistic Children? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Margaret SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; Janet MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1851-1860 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : bullying  individual education plan  qualitative  quantitative  school exclusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Autistic students face a heightened risk of exclusion from school and related activities, yet the factors contributing to this issue remain poorly understood. To address this gap, the current study took place in Ontario, Canada's largest province, where diverse populations and varied inclusive education policies create unique challenges. The study had two primary objectives: (1) to examine the relationship between parent satisfaction with the individual education plan (IEP) process and school exclusion, and (2) to identify key factors parents perceive as predictors of school exclusion in their autistic children. A total of 412 caregivers from Ontario completed an online survey, available in English and French, between April and July 2018. Quantitative analysis revealed that greater satisfaction with the IEP process was associated with a lower likelihood of school exclusion (b=0.297, OR=0.743, p=0.001). Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses identified two primary contributors to exclusion: bullying by peers and inadequate training and support for school staff. These findings highlight the need for improved supports in educational settings, including comprehensive anti-bullying initiatives, stronger collaboration with parents in the development of IEPs, greater accountability in ensuring that IEPs are properly implemented, a more inclusive approach to meeting student needs, and increased funding for support staff. Addressing these areas could help reduce the risk of exclusion and foster a more equitable learning environment for autistic students. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70088 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=568 [article] “Being Integrated Does Not Mean Being Included”: What Factors Contribute to School Exclusion for Autistic Children? [texte imprimé] / Margaret SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; Janet MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur . - p.1851-1860. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 18-9 (September 2025) . - p.1851-1860 Mots-clés : bullying  individual education plan  qualitative  quantitative  school exclusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : ABSTRACT Autistic students face a heightened risk of exclusion from school and related activities, yet the factors contributing to this issue remain poorly understood. To address this gap, the current study took place in Ontario, Canada's largest province, where diverse populations and varied inclusive education policies create unique challenges. The study had two primary objectives: (1) to examine the relationship between parent satisfaction with the individual education plan (IEP) process and school exclusion, and (2) to identify key factors parents perceive as predictors of school exclusion in their autistic children. A total of 412 caregivers from Ontario completed an online survey, available in English and French, between April and July 2018. Quantitative analysis revealed that greater satisfaction with the IEP process was associated with a lower likelihood of school exclusion (b=0.297, OR=0.743, p=0.001). Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses identified two primary contributors to exclusion: bullying by peers and inadequate training and support for school staff. These findings highlight the need for improved supports in educational settings, including comprehensive anti-bullying initiatives, stronger collaboration with parents in the development of IEPs, greater accountability in ensuring that IEPs are properly implemented, a more inclusive approach to meeting student needs, and increased funding for support staff. Addressing these areas could help reduce the risk of exclusion and foster a more equitable learning environment for autistic students. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70088 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=568

A community-engaged approach to examining barriers and facilitators to accessing autism services in Korean immigrant families / Vanessa C. FONG in Autism, 26-2 (February 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-2 (February 2022) . - p.525-537 Titre : A community-engaged approach to examining barriers and facilitators to accessing autism services in Korean immigrant families Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; B. S. LEE, Auteur ; G. IAROCCI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.525-537 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  community engagement  education services  family functioning and support  policy  qualitative research  social services  of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Perceptions and experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse groups in accessing autism services in Canada are extremely limited. Thus, this study partnered with a community member to explore Korean immigrant parents' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to accessing autism services in British Columbia, Canada. Interviews were conducted with 20 Korean parents of autistic children. Barriers and facilitators at the system, provider, and family/cultural level were identified. Barriers at the system level included delays and waitlists for services, and ineffective school policies to address child behavioral challenges. At the provider level, barriers included a lack of qualified professionals, negative attitudes, and lack of guidance navigating services. For family/cultural-related barriers, these included language and communication difficulties, out-of-pocket costs, and stigma impeded service access. Facilitators at the system level included family-centered care and prioritization of mental health supports. At the provider level, strengths included culturally competent and bilingual professionals. The family/cultural-related facilitators identified were informal support networks, characteristics of the parent, and connections to cultural community organizations. The findings emphasize the need to understand and consider diverse experiences, preferences, and values in the design and provision of autism services for families and their children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211034067 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 [article] A community-engaged approach to examining barriers and facilitators to accessing autism services in Korean immigrant families [texte imprimé] / Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; B. S. LEE, Auteur ; G. IAROCCI, Auteur . - p.525-537. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-2 (February 2022) . - p.525-537 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  community engagement  education services  family functioning and support  policy  qualitative research  social services  of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Perceptions and experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse groups in accessing autism services in Canada are extremely limited. Thus, this study partnered with a community member to explore Korean immigrant parents' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to accessing autism services in British Columbia, Canada. Interviews were conducted with 20 Korean parents of autistic children. Barriers and facilitators at the system, provider, and family/cultural level were identified. Barriers at the system level included delays and waitlists for services, and ineffective school policies to address child behavioral challenges. At the provider level, barriers included a lack of qualified professionals, negative attitudes, and lack of guidance navigating services. For family/cultural-related barriers, these included language and communication difficulties, out-of-pocket costs, and stigma impeded service access. Facilitators at the system level included family-centered care and prioritization of mental health supports. At the provider level, strengths included culturally competent and bilingual professionals. The family/cultural-related facilitators identified were informal support networks, characteristics of the parent, and connections to cultural community organizations. The findings emphasize the need to understand and consider diverse experiences, preferences, and values in the design and provision of autism services for families and their children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211034067 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452

Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder / Vanessa C. FONG in Autism, 25-5 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-5 (July 2021) . - p.1335-1348 Titre : Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; Emily GARDINER, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1335-1348 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Canada  Child  Cross-Cultural Comparison  Emigrants and Immigrants  Family  Humans  Parents  Qualitative Research  Quality of Life  Republic of Korea  cross-cultural  family quality of life  qualitative research  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or  publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to compare Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism in their perceptions and definitions of family quality of life. Interviews were done with 13 Korean immigrant parents and 12 Canadian parents of children with autism living in BC, Canada. For Korean immigrant families, three themes were identified: family cohesiveness, value orientation, and acceptance from society. For Canadian families, themes comprising family interactions, support, emotional well-being, individual characteristics, and comparisons to other families were essential elements in defining their family quality of life. The findings emphasize how differences in culture may impact how we understand and assess family functioning and quality of life. If research informing the development of these tools lacks cross-cultural perspectives, service providers and professionals may fail to address these families' unique needs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321989221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475 [article] Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; Emily GARDINER, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur . - p.1335-1348. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-5 (July 2021) . - p.1335-1348 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Canada  Child  Cross-Cultural Comparison  Emigrants and Immigrants  Family  Humans  Parents  Qualitative Research  Quality of Life  Republic of Korea  cross-cultural  family quality of life  qualitative research  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or  publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to compare Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism in their perceptions and definitions of family quality of life. Interviews were done with 13 Korean immigrant parents and 12 Canadian parents of children with autism living in BC, Canada. For Korean immigrant families, three themes were identified: family cohesiveness, value orientation, and acceptance from society. For Canadian families, themes comprising family interactions, support, emotional well-being, individual characteristics, and comparisons to other families were essential elements in defining their family quality of life. The findings emphasize how differences in culture may impact how we understand and assess family functioning and quality of life. If research informing the development of these tools lacks cross-cultural perspectives, service providers and professionals may fail to address these families' unique needs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321989221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475

Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder / Vanessa C. FONG in Autism, 26-5 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-5 (July 2022) . - p.1335-1348 Titre : Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; Emily GARDINER, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1335-1348 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Canada  Child  Cross-Cultural Comparison  Emigrants and Immigrants  Family  Humans  Parents  Qualitative Research  Quality of Life  Republic of Korea  autism spectrum disorder  cross-cultural  family quality of life  qualitative research  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or  publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to compare Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism in their perceptions and definitions of family quality of life. Interviews were done with 13 Korean immigrant parents and 12 Canadian parents of children with autism living in BC, Canada. For Korean immigrant families, three themes were identified: family cohesiveness, value orientation, and acceptance from society. For Canadian families, themes comprising family interactions, support, emotional well-being, individual characteristics, and comparisons to other families were essential elements in defining their family quality of life. The findings emphasize how differences in culture may impact how we understand and assess family functioning and quality of life. If research informing the development of these tools lacks cross-cultural perspectives, service providers and professionals may fail to address these families' unique needs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321989221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Cross-cultural perspectives on the meaning of family quality of life: Comparing Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur ; Emily GARDINER, Auteur ; Grace IAROCCI, Auteur . - p.1335-1348. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-5 (July 2022) . - p.1335-1348 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Canada  Child  Cross-Cultural Comparison  Emigrants and Immigrants  Family  Humans  Parents  Qualitative Research  Quality of Life  Republic of Korea  autism spectrum disorder  cross-cultural  family quality of life  qualitative research  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or  publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to compare Korean immigrant families and Canadian families of children with autism in their perceptions and definitions of family quality of life. Interviews were done with 13 Korean immigrant parents and 12 Canadian parents of children with autism living in BC, Canada. For Korean immigrant families, three themes were identified: family cohesiveness, value orientation, and acceptance from society. For Canadian families, themes comprising family interactions, support, emotional well-being, individual characteristics, and comparisons to other families were essential elements in defining their family quality of life. The findings emphasize how differences in culture may impact how we understand and assess family functioning and quality of life. If research informing the development of these tools lacks cross-cultural perspectives, service providers and professionals may fail to address these families' unique needs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321989221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Population-level gender-based analysis of the educational journeys of students with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada / Jennifer EV LLOYD ; Vanessa C. FONG in Autism, 29-10 (October 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-10 (October 2025) . - p.2550-2561 Titre : Population-level gender-based analysis of the educational journeys of students with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jennifer EV LLOYD, Auteur ; Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2550-2561 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  British Columbia  Canada  educational outcomes  gender differences  high school completion  population data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research examining the impact of gender on educational outcomes in autistic students has been sparse. To address this gap, this study investigated the educational journeys of students with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada. We examined (1) the time it takes for students to receive an initial autism spectrum disorder designation; and the frequency and percentage of students who (2) stay longitudinally in the Kindergarten-to-Grade 12 school system; (3) complete high school and the credential earned; and (4) proceed to public post-secondary education within British Columbia. We conducted secondary analyses of administrative data. The autism spectrum disorder student population was divided into eight longitudinal cohorts with a combined final sample size of 4282 students with autism spectrum disorder: 738 female (17.2%) and 3544 (82.8%) male. Descriptive analyses indicated statistically significant gender differences in students' time to initial autism spectrum disorder designation, rates of high school completion and the specific high school credential earned. No gender differences were found in post-secondary transition rates. During their formative education years, gender differences, particularly the delay in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis among girls, may have implications with respect to educational outcomes. Results emphasize the need to provide educators with greater information about recognizing gender differences in autism spectrum disorder.Lay Abstract a. What is already known about the topic?Over the past several years, there is growing acknowledgement of gender inequities among people with autism spectrum disorder. The inequity is evidenced, in part, by gender differences in diagnosis. Although the gender gap is narrowing, until recently the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder has largely favoured and is more sensitive to detecting autism spectrum disorder in boys.b. What does this paper add?Research examining the impact of gender on educational outcomes in autistic students has been sparse. To address this gap in the literature, the current study investigated the educational journeys of students with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada.We found statistically significant gender differences in students' time to initial autism spectrum disorder designation, rates of high school completion and the specific high school credential earned. There were, however, no significant differences in whether or not students stayed longitudinally in the K-12 school system over time, whether students transitioned into post-secondary or not (non-developmental or developmental), nor in students' transition times into the respective post-secondary education programmes.This study highlights the value of longitudinal, population-based and student-level data in conducting gender-based analyses in autism spectrum disorder research.c. Implications for practice, research or policyUnderstanding how gender impacts the academic trajectories of students with autism spectrum disorder over time can inform the development of tailored interventions and services which address their unique needs. Ultimately, this research is needed to promote more equitable educational experiences and outcomes. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251345532 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=567 [article] Population-level gender-based analysis of the educational journeys of students with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada [texte imprimé] / Jennifer EV LLOYD, Auteur ; Vanessa C. FONG, Auteur . - p.2550-2561. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-10 (October 2025) . - p.2550-2561 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  British Columbia  Canada  educational outcomes  gender differences  high school completion  population data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research examining the impact of gender on educational outcomes in autistic students has been sparse. To address this gap, this study investigated the educational journeys of students with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada. We examined (1) the time it takes for students to receive an initial autism spectrum disorder designation; and the frequency and percentage of students who (2) stay longitudinally in the Kindergarten-to-Grade 12 school system; (3) complete high school and the credential earned; and (4) proceed to public post-secondary education within British Columbia. We conducted secondary analyses of administrative data. The autism spectrum disorder student population was divided into eight longitudinal cohorts with a combined final sample size of 4282 students with autism spectrum disorder: 738 female (17.2%) and 3544 (82.8%) male. Descriptive analyses indicated statistically significant gender differences in students' time to initial autism spectrum disorder designation, rates of high school completion and the specific high school credential earned. No gender differences were found in post-secondary transition rates. During their formative education years, gender differences, particularly the delay in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis among girls, may have implications with respect to educational outcomes. Results emphasize the need to provide educators with greater information about recognizing gender differences in autism spectrum disorder.Lay Abstract a. What is already known about the topic?Over the past several years, there is growing acknowledgement of gender inequities among people with autism spectrum disorder. The inequity is evidenced, in part, by gender differences in diagnosis. Although the gender gap is narrowing, until recently the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder has largely favoured and is more sensitive to detecting autism spectrum disorder in boys.b. What does this paper add?Research examining the impact of gender on educational outcomes in autistic students has been sparse. To address this gap in the literature, the current study investigated the educational journeys of students with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada.We found statistically significant gender differences in students' time to initial autism spectrum disorder designation, rates of high school completion and the specific high school credential earned. There were, however, no significant differences in whether or not students stayed longitudinally in the K-12 school system over time, whether students transitioned into post-secondary or not (non-developmental or developmental), nor in students' transition times into the respective post-secondary education programmes.This study highlights the value of longitudinal, population-based and student-level data in conducting gender-based analyses in autism spectrum disorder research.c. Implications for practice, research or policyUnderstanding how gender impacts the academic trajectories of students with autism spectrum disorder over time can inform the development of tailored interventions and services which address their unique needs. Ultimately, this research is needed to promote more equitable educational experiences and outcomes. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613251345532 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=567

A preliminary exploration of different coping strategies used by Korean immigrant parents of autistic children in high versus low family quality of life ratings / Vanessa C. FONG in Autism, 27-5 (July 2023)  

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Satisfaction with informal supports predicts resilience in families of children with autism spectrum disorder / Vanessa C. FONG in Autism, 25-2 (February 2021)  

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