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Auteur Richard M. PASCO FEARON |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (25)
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Parenting, attention and externalizing problems: testing mediation longitudinally, repeatedly and reciprocally / Jay BELSKY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-12 (December 2007)
[article]
Titre : Parenting, attention and externalizing problems: testing mediation longitudinally, repeatedly and reciprocally Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Brian BELL, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1233–1242 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Parenting sensitivity attention inhibition externalizing-problems mediation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Building on prior work, this paper tests, longitudinally and repeatedly, the proposition that attentional control processes mediate the effect of earlier parenting on later externalizing problems.
Methods: Repeated independent measurements of all three constructs – observed parenting, computer-tested attentional control and adult-reported externalizing problems – were subjected to structural equation modeling using data from the large-scale American study of child care and youth development.
Results: Structural equation modeling indicated (a) that greater maternal sensitivity at two different ages (54 months, 6 years) predicted better attentional control on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) of attention regulation two later ages (6/9 years); (2) that better attentional control at three different ages (54 months, 6/9 years) predicted less teacher-reported externalizing problems at three later ages (6/8/10 years); and (3) that attentional control partially mediated the effect of parenting on externalizing problems at two different lags (i.e., 54 months→6 years→8 years; 6 years→9 years→10 years), though somewhat more strongly for the first. Additionally, (4) some evidence of reciprocal effects of attentional processes on parenting emerged (54 months→6 years; 6 years→8 years), but not of problem behavior on attention.
Conclusions: Because attention control partially mediates the effects of parenting on externalizing problems, intervention efforts could target both parenting and attentional processes.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01807.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=310
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-12 (December 2007) . - p.1233–1242[article] Parenting, attention and externalizing problems: testing mediation longitudinally, repeatedly and reciprocally [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Brian BELL, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1233–1242.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-12 (December 2007) . - p.1233–1242
Mots-clés : Parenting sensitivity attention inhibition externalizing-problems mediation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Building on prior work, this paper tests, longitudinally and repeatedly, the proposition that attentional control processes mediate the effect of earlier parenting on later externalizing problems.
Methods: Repeated independent measurements of all three constructs – observed parenting, computer-tested attentional control and adult-reported externalizing problems – were subjected to structural equation modeling using data from the large-scale American study of child care and youth development.
Results: Structural equation modeling indicated (a) that greater maternal sensitivity at two different ages (54 months, 6 years) predicted better attentional control on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) of attention regulation two later ages (6/9 years); (2) that better attentional control at three different ages (54 months, 6/9 years) predicted less teacher-reported externalizing problems at three later ages (6/8/10 years); and (3) that attentional control partially mediated the effect of parenting on externalizing problems at two different lags (i.e., 54 months→6 years→8 years; 6 years→9 years→10 years), though somewhat more strongly for the first. Additionally, (4) some evidence of reciprocal effects of attentional processes on parenting emerged (54 months→6 years; 6 years→8 years), but not of problem behavior on attention.
Conclusions: Because attention control partially mediates the effects of parenting on externalizing problems, intervention efforts could target both parenting and attentional processes.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01807.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=310 Poverty, early care, and stress reactivity in adolescence: Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study in South Africa / Richard M. PASCO FEARON in Development and Psychopathology, 29-2 (May 2017)
[article]
Titre : Poverty, early care, and stress reactivity in adolescence: Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study in South Africa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Mark TOMLINSON, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Sarah SKEEN, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Barak MORGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.449-464 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A considerable body of evidence suggests that early caregiving may affect the short-term functioning and longer term development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Despite this, most research to date has been cross-sectional in nature or restricted to relatively short-term longitudinal follow-ups. More important, there is a paucity of research on the role of caregiving in low- and middle-income countries, where the protective effects of high-quality care in buffering the child's developing stress regulation systems may be crucial. In this paper, we report findings from a longitudinal study (N = 232) conducted in an impoverished periurban settlement in Cape Town, South Africa. We measured caregiving sensitivity and security of attachment in infancy and followed children up at age 13 years, when we conducted assessments of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical axis reactivity, as indexed by salivary cortisol during the Trier Social Stress Test. The findings indicated that insecure attachment was predictive of reduced cortisol responses to social stress, particularly in boys, and that attachment status moderated the impact of contextual adversity on stress responses: secure children in highly adverse circumstances did not show the blunted cortisol response shown by their insecure counterparts. Some evidence was found that sensitivity of care in infancy was also associated with cortisol reactivity, but in this case, insensitivity was associated with heightened cortisol reactivity, and only for girls. The discussion focuses on the potentially important role of caregiving in the long-term calibration of the stress system and the need to better understand the social and biological mechanisms shaping the stress response across development in low- and middle-income countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305
in Development and Psychopathology > 29-2 (May 2017) . - p.449-464[article] Poverty, early care, and stress reactivity in adolescence: Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study in South Africa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Mark TOMLINSON, Auteur ; Robert KUMSTA, Auteur ; Sarah SKEEN, Auteur ; Lynne MURRAY, Auteur ; Peter J. COOPER, Auteur ; Barak MORGAN, Auteur . - p.449-464.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 29-2 (May 2017) . - p.449-464
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A considerable body of evidence suggests that early caregiving may affect the short-term functioning and longer term development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Despite this, most research to date has been cross-sectional in nature or restricted to relatively short-term longitudinal follow-ups. More important, there is a paucity of research on the role of caregiving in low- and middle-income countries, where the protective effects of high-quality care in buffering the child's developing stress regulation systems may be crucial. In this paper, we report findings from a longitudinal study (N = 232) conducted in an impoverished periurban settlement in Cape Town, South Africa. We measured caregiving sensitivity and security of attachment in infancy and followed children up at age 13 years, when we conducted assessments of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical axis reactivity, as indexed by salivary cortisol during the Trier Social Stress Test. The findings indicated that insecure attachment was predictive of reduced cortisol responses to social stress, particularly in boys, and that attachment status moderated the impact of contextual adversity on stress responses: secure children in highly adverse circumstances did not show the blunted cortisol response shown by their insecure counterparts. Some evidence was found that sensitivity of care in infancy was also associated with cortisol reactivity, but in this case, insensitivity was associated with heightened cortisol reactivity, and only for girls. The discussion focuses on the potentially important role of caregiving in the long-term calibration of the stress system and the need to better understand the social and biological mechanisms shaping the stress response across development in low- and middle-income countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305 Psychophysiological responses underlying unresolved loss and trauma in the Adult Attachment Interview / Lianne BAKKUM in Development and Psychopathology, 34-1 (February 2022)
[article]
Titre : Psychophysiological responses underlying unresolved loss and trauma in the Adult Attachment Interview Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lianne BAKKUM, Auteur ; Mirjam OOSTERMAN, Auteur ; Marije L. VERHAGE, Auteur ; Florentina C. KUNSELER, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Carlo SCHUENGEL, Auteur ; Robbie DUSCHINSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.197-212 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adult attachment autonomic nervous system reactivity loss childhood abuse trauma recall Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Unresolved loss/trauma in the context of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) has been theorised to result from dissociative processing of fear-related memories and ideas. To examine the plausibility of this model, this study tested hypothesised associations between unresolved loss/trauma and indicators of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity. First-time pregnant women (N = 235) participated in the AAI while heart rate (interbeat interval; IBI) and indicators of parasympathetic reactivity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) and sympathetic reactivity (pre-ejection period; PEP, skin conductance level; SCL) were recorded. Using multilevel modelling, ANS reactivity was examined in relation to topic (loss/trauma versus other questions); discussion of actual loss/trauma; classification of unresolved/disorganised; and unresolved responses during the interview. Responses to loss/trauma questions and discussion of loss were associated with respectively larger and smaller IBIs. There was no moderation by unresolved/disorganised status. Unresolved responses about loss were associated with smaller IBIs. Participants classified as unresolved/disorganised showed decreasing PEP and blunted SCL throughout the whole interview. The findings suggest that unresolved speech about loss co-occurs with physiological arousal, although the inconclusive findings regarding parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system responses fail to clearly support the role of fear. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001492 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474
in Development and Psychopathology > 34-1 (February 2022) . - p.197-212[article] Psychophysiological responses underlying unresolved loss and trauma in the Adult Attachment Interview [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lianne BAKKUM, Auteur ; Mirjam OOSTERMAN, Auteur ; Marije L. VERHAGE, Auteur ; Florentina C. KUNSELER, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Carlo SCHUENGEL, Auteur ; Robbie DUSCHINSKY, Auteur . - p.197-212.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 34-1 (February 2022) . - p.197-212
Mots-clés : adult attachment autonomic nervous system reactivity loss childhood abuse trauma recall Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Unresolved loss/trauma in the context of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) has been theorised to result from dissociative processing of fear-related memories and ideas. To examine the plausibility of this model, this study tested hypothesised associations between unresolved loss/trauma and indicators of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity. First-time pregnant women (N = 235) participated in the AAI while heart rate (interbeat interval; IBI) and indicators of parasympathetic reactivity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) and sympathetic reactivity (pre-ejection period; PEP, skin conductance level; SCL) were recorded. Using multilevel modelling, ANS reactivity was examined in relation to topic (loss/trauma versus other questions); discussion of actual loss/trauma; classification of unresolved/disorganised; and unresolved responses during the interview. Responses to loss/trauma questions and discussion of loss were associated with respectively larger and smaller IBIs. There was no moderation by unresolved/disorganised status. Unresolved responses about loss were associated with smaller IBIs. Participants classified as unresolved/disorganised showed decreasing PEP and blunted SCL throughout the whole interview. The findings suggest that unresolved speech about loss co-occurs with physiological arousal, although the inconclusive findings regarding parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system responses fail to clearly support the role of fear. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001492 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=474 Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study / Rachel M. HILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)
[article]
Titre : Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel M. HILLER, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Sarah LOBO, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Abigail FRASER, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.884-898 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child adolescent trauma posttraumatic stress meta-analysis longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the natural course of child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant implications for the identification of, and intervention for, at-risk youth. We used a meta-analytic approach to examine longitudinal changes in youth PTSD prevalence and symptoms over the first 12 months posttrauma. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify longitudinal studies of PTSD in young people (5–18 years old), excluding treatment trials. The search yielded 27 peer-reviewed studies and one unpublished dataset for analysis of pooled prevalence estimates, relative prevalence reduction and standardised mean symptom change. Key moderators were also explored, including age, proportion of boys in the sample, initial prevalence of PTSD and PTSD measurement type. Results Analyses demonstrated moderate declines in PTSD prevalence and symptom severity over the first 3–6 months posttrauma. From 1 to 6 months posttrauma, the prevalence of PTSD reduced by approximately 50%. Symptoms also showed moderate decline, particularly across the first 3 months posttrauma. There was little evidence of further change in prevalence or symptom severity after 6 months, suggesting that it is unlikely a child would lose a PTSD diagnosis without intervention beyond this point. Conclusions The current findings provide key information about the likelihood of posttrauma recovery in the absence of intervention and have important implications for our understanding of child and adolescent PTSD. Results are discussed with reference to the timing of PTSD screening and the potential role of early interventions. Findings particularly highlight the importance of future research to develop our understanding of what factors prevent the action of normal recovery from the ‘acute’ posttrauma period. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.884-898[article] Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel M. HILLER, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Sarah LOBO, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Abigail FRASER, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur . - p.884-898.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.884-898
Mots-clés : Child adolescent trauma posttraumatic stress meta-analysis longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the natural course of child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant implications for the identification of, and intervention for, at-risk youth. We used a meta-analytic approach to examine longitudinal changes in youth PTSD prevalence and symptoms over the first 12 months posttrauma. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify longitudinal studies of PTSD in young people (5–18 years old), excluding treatment trials. The search yielded 27 peer-reviewed studies and one unpublished dataset for analysis of pooled prevalence estimates, relative prevalence reduction and standardised mean symptom change. Key moderators were also explored, including age, proportion of boys in the sample, initial prevalence of PTSD and PTSD measurement type. Results Analyses demonstrated moderate declines in PTSD prevalence and symptom severity over the first 3–6 months posttrauma. From 1 to 6 months posttrauma, the prevalence of PTSD reduced by approximately 50%. Symptoms also showed moderate decline, particularly across the first 3 months posttrauma. There was little evidence of further change in prevalence or symptom severity after 6 months, suggesting that it is unlikely a child would lose a PTSD diagnosis without intervention beyond this point. Conclusions The current findings provide key information about the likelihood of posttrauma recovery in the absence of intervention and have important implications for our understanding of child and adolescent PTSD. Results are discussed with reference to the timing of PTSD screening and the potential role of early interventions. Findings particularly highlight the importance of future research to develop our understanding of what factors prevent the action of normal recovery from the ‘acute’ posttrauma period. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment / Sheri MADIGAN in Development and Psychopathology, 31-1 (February 2019)
[article]
Titre : Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sheri MADIGAN, Auteur ; Chantal CYR, Auteur ; Rachel EIRICH, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Anh LY, Auteur ; Christina RASH, Auteur ; Julia C. POOLE, Auteur ; Lenneke R. A. ALINK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.23-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has long been claimed that “maltreatment begets maltreatment,” that is, a parent's history of maltreatment increases the risk that his or her child will also suffer maltreatment. However, significant methodological concerns have been raised regarding evidence supporting this assertion, with some arguing that the association weakens in samples with higher methodological rigor. In the current study, the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment hypothesis is examined in 142 studies (149 samples; 227,918 dyads) that underwent a methodological quality review, as well as data extraction on a number of potential moderator variables. Results reveal a modest association of intergenerational maltreatment (k = 80; d = 0.45, 95% confidence interval; CI [0.37, 0.54]). Support for the intergenerational transmission of specific maltreatment types was also observed (neglect: k = 13, d = 0.24, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]; physical abuse: k = 61, d = 0.41, 95% CI [0.33, 0.49]; emotional abuse: k = 18, d = 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.71]; sexual abuse: k = 18, d = 0.39, 95% CI [0.24, 0.55]). Methodological quality only emerged as a significant moderator of the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse, with a weakening of effect sizes as methodological rigor increased. Evidence from this meta-analysis confirms the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis, although effect sizes were modest. Future research should focus on deepening understanding of mechanisms of transmission, as well as identifying protective factors that can effectively break the cycle of maltreatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001700 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383
in Development and Psychopathology > 31-1 (February 2019) . - p.23-51[article] Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sheri MADIGAN, Auteur ; Chantal CYR, Auteur ; Rachel EIRICH, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Anh LY, Auteur ; Christina RASH, Auteur ; Julia C. POOLE, Auteur ; Lenneke R. A. ALINK, Auteur . - p.23-51.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 31-1 (February 2019) . - p.23-51
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has long been claimed that “maltreatment begets maltreatment,” that is, a parent's history of maltreatment increases the risk that his or her child will also suffer maltreatment. However, significant methodological concerns have been raised regarding evidence supporting this assertion, with some arguing that the association weakens in samples with higher methodological rigor. In the current study, the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment hypothesis is examined in 142 studies (149 samples; 227,918 dyads) that underwent a methodological quality review, as well as data extraction on a number of potential moderator variables. Results reveal a modest association of intergenerational maltreatment (k = 80; d = 0.45, 95% confidence interval; CI [0.37, 0.54]). Support for the intergenerational transmission of specific maltreatment types was also observed (neglect: k = 13, d = 0.24, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]; physical abuse: k = 61, d = 0.41, 95% CI [0.33, 0.49]; emotional abuse: k = 18, d = 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.71]; sexual abuse: k = 18, d = 0.39, 95% CI [0.24, 0.55]). Methodological quality only emerged as a significant moderator of the intergenerational transmission of physical abuse, with a weakening of effect sizes as methodological rigor increased. Evidence from this meta-analysis confirms the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis, although effect sizes were modest. Future research should focus on deepening understanding of mechanisms of transmission, as well as identifying protective factors that can effectively break the cycle of maltreatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001700 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=383 The effects of maternal postnatal depression and child sex on academic performance at age 16 years: a developmental approach / Lynne MURRAY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)
PermalinkThe latent structure of the adult attachment interview: Large sample evidence from the collaboration on attachment transmission synthesis / K. Lee RABY in Development and Psychopathology, 34-1 (February 2022)
PermalinkThe longitudinal development of emotion regulation capacities in children at risk for externalizing disorders / Sarah L. HALLIGAN in Development and Psychopathology, 25-2 (May 2013)
PermalinkThe longitudinal heterogeneity of autistic traits: A systematic review / Richard PENDER in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 79 (November 2020)
PermalinkThe role played by the interaction between genetic factors and attachment in the stress response in infancy / Alessandra FRIGERIO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-12 (December 2009)
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