2 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Gaze perception'

Does decreased visual attention to faces underlie difficulties interpreting eye gaze cues in autism? / Jason W. GRIFFIN in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 60 p. Titre : Does decreased visual attention to faces underlie difficulties interpreting eye gaze cues in autism? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jason W. GRIFFIN, Auteur ; K. Suzanne SCHERF, Auteur Article en page(s) : 60 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Eye tracking  Face processing  Gaze following  Gaze perception  Joint attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Shifts in eye gaze communicate social information that allows people to respond to another's behavior, interpret motivations driving behavior, and anticipate subsequent behavior. Understanding the social communicative nature of gaze shifts requires the ability to link eye movements and mental state information about objects in the world. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical sensitivity to eye gaze cues, which impacts social communication and relationships. We evaluated whether reduced visual attention to faces explains this difficulty in ASD. METHODS: We employed eye-tracking technology to measure visual attention to faces and gazed-at objects in a 4-alternative forced choice paradigm in adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents. Participants determined the target object that an actor was looking at in ecologically rich scenes. We controlled for group differences in task engagement and data quality. RESULTS: In the Gaze Following task, adolescents with ASD were relatively impaired (Cohen's d = 0.63) in the ability to identify the target object. In contrast to predictions, both groups exhibited comparable fixation durations to faces and target objects. Among both groups, individuals who looked longer at the target objects, but not faces, performed better in the task. Finally, among the ASD group, parent SSIS-Social Skills ratings were positively associated with performance on the Gaze Following task. In the Gaze Perception task, there was a similar pattern of results, which provides internal replication of the findings that visual attention to faces is not related to difficulty interpreting eye gaze cues. Together, these findings indicate that adolescents with ASD are capable of following gaze, but have difficulty linking gaze shifts with mental state information. LIMITATIONS: Additional work is necessary to determine whether these findings generalize to individuals across the full autism spectrum. New paradigms that manipulate component processes of eye gaze processing need to be tested to confirm these interpretations. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced visual attention to faces does not appear to contribute to atypical processing of eye gaze cues among adolescents with ASD. Instead, the difficulty for individuals with ASD is related to understanding the social communicative aspects of eye gaze information, which may not be extracted from visual cues alone. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00361-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Does decreased visual attention to faces underlie difficulties interpreting eye gaze cues in autism? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jason W. GRIFFIN, Auteur ; K. Suzanne SCHERF, Auteur . - 60 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 60 p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Eye tracking  Face processing  Gaze following  Gaze perception  Joint attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Shifts in eye gaze communicate social information that allows people to respond to another's behavior, interpret motivations driving behavior, and anticipate subsequent behavior. Understanding the social communicative nature of gaze shifts requires the ability to link eye movements and mental state information about objects in the world. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical sensitivity to eye gaze cues, which impacts social communication and relationships. We evaluated whether reduced visual attention to faces explains this difficulty in ASD. METHODS: We employed eye-tracking technology to measure visual attention to faces and gazed-at objects in a 4-alternative forced choice paradigm in adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents. Participants determined the target object that an actor was looking at in ecologically rich scenes. We controlled for group differences in task engagement and data quality. RESULTS: In the Gaze Following task, adolescents with ASD were relatively impaired (Cohen's d = 0.63) in the ability to identify the target object. In contrast to predictions, both groups exhibited comparable fixation durations to faces and target objects. Among both groups, individuals who looked longer at the target objects, but not faces, performed better in the task. Finally, among the ASD group, parent SSIS-Social Skills ratings were positively associated with performance on the Gaze Following task. In the Gaze Perception task, there was a similar pattern of results, which provides internal replication of the findings that visual attention to faces is not related to difficulty interpreting eye gaze cues. Together, these findings indicate that adolescents with ASD are capable of following gaze, but have difficulty linking gaze shifts with mental state information. LIMITATIONS: Additional work is necessary to determine whether these findings generalize to individuals across the full autism spectrum. New paradigms that manipulate component processes of eye gaze processing need to be tested to confirm these interpretations. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced visual attention to faces does not appear to contribute to atypical processing of eye gaze cues among adolescents with ASD. Instead, the difficulty for individuals with ASD is related to understanding the social communicative aspects of eye gaze information, which may not be extracted from visual cues alone. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00361-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Intact priors for gaze direction in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions / P. J. PELL in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 25p. Titre : Intact priors for gaze direction in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. J. PELL, Auteur ; I. MARESCHAL, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Elisabeth A. H. VON DEM HAGEN, Auteur ; C. W. CLIFFORD, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; M. P. EWBANK, Auteur Article en page(s) : 25p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Bayes Theorem  Female  Fixation, Ocular/physiology  Humans  Male  Pattern Recognition, Visual  Photic Stimulation  Visual Perception  Young Adult  Autism  Autistic traits  Bayesian priors  Gaze perception  Uncertainty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with a range of perceptual atypicalities, including abnormalities in gaze processing. Pellicano and Burr (Trends Cogn Sci 16(10):504-10, 2012) have argued that these atypicalities might be explained within a Bayesian framework, in which perception represents the combination of sensory information with prior knowledge. They propose that the Bayesian priors of individuals with ASC might be attenuated, such that their perception is less reliant on prior knowledge than neurotypical individuals. An important tenet of Bayesian decision theory is that increased uncertainty about incoming sensory information will lead to a greater influence of the prior on perception. Consistent with this, Mareschal et al. (Curr Biol 23(8):717-21, 2013) showed that when noise is added to the eyes of a face (increasing uncertainty about gaze direction), gaze is more likely to be perceived as direct. METHODS: We adopted the same paradigm as Mareschal et al. to determine whether the influence of a prior on gaze perception is reduced in neurotypical participants with high numbers of autistic traits (experiment 1) and in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of ASC (experiment 2). Participants were presented with synthetic faces and asked to make a judgement about the relative gaze directions of the faces. Uncertainty about gaze direction was manipulated by adding noise to the eyes of a face. RESULTS: Consistent with previous work, in both experiment 1 and experiment 2, participants showed a bias towards perceiving gaze as direct under conditions of uncertainty. However, there was no evidence that the magnitude of this bias was reduced either in the ASC group or in neurotypical controls with a high number of autistic traits. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings challenge the attenuated priors theory of perception in ASC (Trends Cogn Sci 16(10):504-10, 2012) and related proposals (Trends Cogn Sci 17(1):1, 2013, Front Hum Neurosci 8:302, 2014), and suggest priors for gaze direction are intact in high-functioning ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0085-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 [article] Intact priors for gaze direction in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. J. PELL, Auteur ; I. MARESCHAL, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Elisabeth A. H. VON DEM HAGEN, Auteur ; C. W. CLIFFORD, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; M. P. EWBANK, Auteur . - 25p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 25p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Bayes Theorem  Female  Fixation, Ocular/physiology  Humans  Male  Pattern Recognition, Visual  Photic Stimulation  Visual Perception  Young Adult  Autism  Autistic traits  Bayesian priors  Gaze perception  Uncertainty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with a range of perceptual atypicalities, including abnormalities in gaze processing. Pellicano and Burr (Trends Cogn Sci 16(10):504-10, 2012) have argued that these atypicalities might be explained within a Bayesian framework, in which perception represents the combination of sensory information with prior knowledge. They propose that the Bayesian priors of individuals with ASC might be attenuated, such that their perception is less reliant on prior knowledge than neurotypical individuals. An important tenet of Bayesian decision theory is that increased uncertainty about incoming sensory information will lead to a greater influence of the prior on perception. Consistent with this, Mareschal et al. (Curr Biol 23(8):717-21, 2013) showed that when noise is added to the eyes of a face (increasing uncertainty about gaze direction), gaze is more likely to be perceived as direct. METHODS: We adopted the same paradigm as Mareschal et al. to determine whether the influence of a prior on gaze perception is reduced in neurotypical participants with high numbers of autistic traits (experiment 1) and in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of ASC (experiment 2). Participants were presented with synthetic faces and asked to make a judgement about the relative gaze directions of the faces. Uncertainty about gaze direction was manipulated by adding noise to the eyes of a face. RESULTS: Consistent with previous work, in both experiment 1 and experiment 2, participants showed a bias towards perceiving gaze as direct under conditions of uncertainty. However, there was no evidence that the magnitude of this bias was reduced either in the ASC group or in neurotypical controls with a high number of autistic traits. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings challenge the attenuated priors theory of perception in ASC (Trends Cogn Sci 16(10):504-10, 2012) and related proposals (Trends Cogn Sci 17(1):1, 2013, Front Hum Neurosci 8:302, 2014), and suggest priors for gaze direction are intact in high-functioning ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0085-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329