4 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Pattern Recognition, Visual'

Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of face processing in verbal children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their first-degree relatives: a family study / O. V. SYSOEVA in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 41p. Titre : Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of face processing in verbal children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their first-degree relatives: a family study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : O. V. SYSOEVA, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; Andrey P. ANOKHIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 41p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Child  Electroencephalography  Evoked Potentials  Face  Fathers  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Pattern Recognition, Visual  Siblings  Young Adult  Autistic disorder  erp  Electrophysiology  Endophenotype  N170 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Inherited abnormalities of perception, recognition, and attention to faces have been implicated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) including abnormal components of event-related brain potentials (ERP) elicited by faces. Methods: We examined familial aggregation of face processing ERP abnormalities previously implicated in ASD in 49 verbal individuals with ASD, 36 unaffected siblings (US), 18 unaffected fathers (UF), and 53 unrelated controls (UC). The ASD, US, and UC groups ranged in age from 12 to 21 years, the UF group ranged in age from 30 to 56 years. ERP responses to images of upright and inverted faces and houses were analyzed under disparate EEG reference schemes. Results: Face-sensitive features of N170 and P1 were readily observed in all groups. Differences between ASD and control groups depended upon the EEG reference scheme. Notably, the superiority of face over object for N170 latency was attenuated in ASD subjects, but not their relatives; this occurred exclusively with the average reference. The difference in N170 amplitude between inverted and upright faces was reduced in both ASD and US groups relative to UC, but this effect was significant only with the vertex reference. Furthermore, similar group differences were observed for both inverted faces and inverted houses, suggesting a lack of face specificity for the attenuation of the N170 inversion effect in ASD. Conclusion: The present findings refine understanding of face processing ERPs in ASD. These data provide only modest evidence for highly-selective ASD-sensitive ERP features, and underscore the sensitivity of these biomarkers to ERP reference scheme. These schemes have varied across published studies and must be accounted for in future studies of the relationship between these commonly acquired ERP characteristics, genotype, and ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0220-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of face processing in verbal children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their first-degree relatives: a family study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / O. V. SYSOEVA, Auteur ; John N. CONSTANTINO, Auteur ; Andrey P. ANOKHIN, Auteur . - 41p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 41p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Child  Electroencephalography  Evoked Potentials  Face  Fathers  Humans  Male  Middle Aged  Pattern Recognition, Visual  Siblings  Young Adult  Autistic disorder  erp  Electrophysiology  Endophenotype  N170 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Inherited abnormalities of perception, recognition, and attention to faces have been implicated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) including abnormal components of event-related brain potentials (ERP) elicited by faces. Methods: We examined familial aggregation of face processing ERP abnormalities previously implicated in ASD in 49 verbal individuals with ASD, 36 unaffected siblings (US), 18 unaffected fathers (UF), and 53 unrelated controls (UC). The ASD, US, and UC groups ranged in age from 12 to 21 years, the UF group ranged in age from 30 to 56 years. ERP responses to images of upright and inverted faces and houses were analyzed under disparate EEG reference schemes. Results: Face-sensitive features of N170 and P1 were readily observed in all groups. Differences between ASD and control groups depended upon the EEG reference scheme. Notably, the superiority of face over object for N170 latency was attenuated in ASD subjects, but not their relatives; this occurred exclusively with the average reference. The difference in N170 amplitude between inverted and upright faces was reduced in both ASD and US groups relative to UC, but this effect was significant only with the vertex reference. Furthermore, similar group differences were observed for both inverted faces and inverted houses, suggesting a lack of face specificity for the attenuation of the N170 inversion effect in ASD. Conclusion: The present findings refine understanding of face processing ERPs in ASD. These data provide only modest evidence for highly-selective ASD-sensitive ERP features, and underscore the sensitivity of these biomarkers to ERP reference scheme. These schemes have varied across published studies and must be accounted for in future studies of the relationship between these commonly acquired ERP characteristics, genotype, and ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0220-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Susceptibility to Ebbinghaus and Muller-Lyer illusions in autistic children: a comparison of three different methods / C. MANNING in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 16p. Titre : Susceptibility to Ebbinghaus and Muller-Lyer illusions in autistic children: a comparison of three different methods Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. MANNING, Auteur ; M. J. MORGAN, Auteur ; C. T. W. ALLEN, Auteur ; E. PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 16p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/*psychology  Child  Female  Humans  Male  Optical Illusions/*physiology  Pattern Recognition, Visual  Photic Stimulation/*methods  Size Perception  *Autism  *Cognitive bias  *Context  *Global processing  *Perception  *Response bias  *Vision  *Visual illusions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Studies reporting altered susceptibility to visual illusions in autistic individuals compared to that typically developing individuals have been taken to reflect differences in perception (e.g. reduced global processing), but could instead reflect differences in higher-level decision-making strategies. METHODS: We measured susceptibility to two contextual illusions (Ebbinghaus, Muller-Lyer) in autistic children aged 6-14 years and typically developing children matched in age and non-verbal ability using three methods. In experiment 1, we used a new two-alternative-forced-choice method with a roving pedestal designed to minimise cognitive biases. Here, children judged which of two comparison stimuli was most similar in size to a reference stimulus. In experiments 2 and 3, we used methods previously used with autistic populations. In experiment 2, children judged whether stimuli were the 'same' or 'different', and in experiment 3, we used a method-of-adjustment task. RESULTS: Across all tasks, autistic children were equally susceptible to the Ebbinghaus illusion as typically developing children. Autistic children showed a heightened susceptibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion, but only in the method-of-adjustment task. This result may reflect differences in decisional criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are inconsistent with theories proposing reduced contextual integration in autism and suggest that previous reports of altered susceptibility to illusions may arise from differences in decision-making, rather than differences in perception per se. Our findings help to elucidate the underlying reasons for atypical responses to perceptual illusions in autism and call for the use of methods that reduce cognitive bias when measuring illusion susceptibility. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0127-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 [article] Susceptibility to Ebbinghaus and Muller-Lyer illusions in autistic children: a comparison of three different methods [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. MANNING, Auteur ; M. J. MORGAN, Auteur ; C. T. W. ALLEN, Auteur ; E. PELLICANO, Auteur . - 16p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 16p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autistic Disorder/*psychology  Child  Female  Humans  Male  Optical Illusions/*physiology  Pattern Recognition, Visual  Photic Stimulation/*methods  Size Perception  *Autism  *Cognitive bias  *Context  *Global processing  *Perception  *Response bias  *Vision  *Visual illusions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Studies reporting altered susceptibility to visual illusions in autistic individuals compared to that typically developing individuals have been taken to reflect differences in perception (e.g. reduced global processing), but could instead reflect differences in higher-level decision-making strategies. METHODS: We measured susceptibility to two contextual illusions (Ebbinghaus, Muller-Lyer) in autistic children aged 6-14 years and typically developing children matched in age and non-verbal ability using three methods. In experiment 1, we used a new two-alternative-forced-choice method with a roving pedestal designed to minimise cognitive biases. Here, children judged which of two comparison stimuli was most similar in size to a reference stimulus. In experiments 2 and 3, we used methods previously used with autistic populations. In experiment 2, children judged whether stimuli were the 'same' or 'different', and in experiment 3, we used a method-of-adjustment task. RESULTS: Across all tasks, autistic children were equally susceptible to the Ebbinghaus illusion as typically developing children. Autistic children showed a heightened susceptibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion, but only in the method-of-adjustment task. This result may reflect differences in decisional criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are inconsistent with theories proposing reduced contextual integration in autism and suggest that previous reports of altered susceptibility to illusions may arise from differences in decision-making, rather than differences in perception per se. Our findings help to elucidate the underlying reasons for atypical responses to perceptual illusions in autism and call for the use of methods that reduce cognitive bias when measuring illusion susceptibility. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0127-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330

Intact priors for gaze direction in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions / P. J. PELL in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 25p. Titre : Intact priors for gaze direction in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. J. PELL, Auteur ; I. MARESCHAL, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Elisabeth A. H. VON DEM HAGEN, Auteur ; C. W. CLIFFORD, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; M. P. EWBANK, Auteur Article en page(s) : 25p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Bayes Theorem  Female  Fixation, Ocular/physiology  Humans  Male  Pattern Recognition, Visual  Photic Stimulation  Visual Perception  Young Adult  Autism  Autistic traits  Bayesian priors  Gaze perception  Uncertainty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with a range of perceptual atypicalities, including abnormalities in gaze processing. Pellicano and Burr (Trends Cogn Sci 16(10):504-10, 2012) have argued that these atypicalities might be explained within a Bayesian framework, in which perception represents the combination of sensory information with prior knowledge. They propose that the Bayesian priors of individuals with ASC might be attenuated, such that their perception is less reliant on prior knowledge than neurotypical individuals. An important tenet of Bayesian decision theory is that increased uncertainty about incoming sensory information will lead to a greater influence of the prior on perception. Consistent with this, Mareschal et al. (Curr Biol 23(8):717-21, 2013) showed that when noise is added to the eyes of a face (increasing uncertainty about gaze direction), gaze is more likely to be perceived as direct. METHODS: We adopted the same paradigm as Mareschal et al. to determine whether the influence of a prior on gaze perception is reduced in neurotypical participants with high numbers of autistic traits (experiment 1) and in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of ASC (experiment 2). Participants were presented with synthetic faces and asked to make a judgement about the relative gaze directions of the faces. Uncertainty about gaze direction was manipulated by adding noise to the eyes of a face. RESULTS: Consistent with previous work, in both experiment 1 and experiment 2, participants showed a bias towards perceiving gaze as direct under conditions of uncertainty. However, there was no evidence that the magnitude of this bias was reduced either in the ASC group or in neurotypical controls with a high number of autistic traits. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings challenge the attenuated priors theory of perception in ASC (Trends Cogn Sci 16(10):504-10, 2012) and related proposals (Trends Cogn Sci 17(1):1, 2013, Front Hum Neurosci 8:302, 2014), and suggest priors for gaze direction are intact in high-functioning ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0085-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 [article] Intact priors for gaze direction in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. J. PELL, Auteur ; I. MARESCHAL, Auteur ; Andrew J. CALDER, Auteur ; Elisabeth A. H. VON DEM HAGEN, Auteur ; C. W. CLIFFORD, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; M. P. EWBANK, Auteur . - 25p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 25p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Bayes Theorem  Female  Fixation, Ocular/physiology  Humans  Male  Pattern Recognition, Visual  Photic Stimulation  Visual Perception  Young Adult  Autism  Autistic traits  Bayesian priors  Gaze perception  Uncertainty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with a range of perceptual atypicalities, including abnormalities in gaze processing. Pellicano and Burr (Trends Cogn Sci 16(10):504-10, 2012) have argued that these atypicalities might be explained within a Bayesian framework, in which perception represents the combination of sensory information with prior knowledge. They propose that the Bayesian priors of individuals with ASC might be attenuated, such that their perception is less reliant on prior knowledge than neurotypical individuals. An important tenet of Bayesian decision theory is that increased uncertainty about incoming sensory information will lead to a greater influence of the prior on perception. Consistent with this, Mareschal et al. (Curr Biol 23(8):717-21, 2013) showed that when noise is added to the eyes of a face (increasing uncertainty about gaze direction), gaze is more likely to be perceived as direct. METHODS: We adopted the same paradigm as Mareschal et al. to determine whether the influence of a prior on gaze perception is reduced in neurotypical participants with high numbers of autistic traits (experiment 1) and in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of ASC (experiment 2). Participants were presented with synthetic faces and asked to make a judgement about the relative gaze directions of the faces. Uncertainty about gaze direction was manipulated by adding noise to the eyes of a face. RESULTS: Consistent with previous work, in both experiment 1 and experiment 2, participants showed a bias towards perceiving gaze as direct under conditions of uncertainty. However, there was no evidence that the magnitude of this bias was reduced either in the ASC group or in neurotypical controls with a high number of autistic traits. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings challenge the attenuated priors theory of perception in ASC (Trends Cogn Sci 16(10):504-10, 2012) and related proposals (Trends Cogn Sci 17(1):1, 2013, Front Hum Neurosci 8:302, 2014), and suggest priors for gaze direction are intact in high-functioning ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0085-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329

Response to Mottron / C. GILLBERG in Autism Research, 14-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2228-2229 Titre : Response to Mottron Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. GILLBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2228-2229 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Humans  Pattern Recognition, Visual Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2547 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Response to Mottron [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. GILLBERG, Auteur . - p.2228-2229. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2228-2229 Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Humans  Pattern Recognition, Visual Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2547 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450