2 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Sexism'

Assessing general and autism-relevant quality of life in autistic adults: A psychometric investigation using item response theory / Z. J. WILLIAMS in Autism Research, 14-8 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1633-1644 Titre : Assessing general and autism-relevant quality of life in autistic adults: A psychometric investigation using item response theory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Z. J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; K. O. GOTHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1633-1644 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Male  Psychometrics  Quality of Life  Sexism  Surveys and Questionnaires  ASQoL  autism  differential item functioning  item response theory  measurement invariance  quality of life  reliability  sex differences  validity  well-being  Roche. He also serves on the family advisory committee of the Autism Speaks Autism  Treatment Network Vanderbilt site and the autistic researcher review board of the  Autism Intervention Research Network on Physical Health (AIR-P). Katherine Gotham  has no conflicts of interest to disclose. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although many interventions and services for autistic people have the ultimate goal of improving quality of life (QoL), there is relatively little research on how best to assess this construct in the autistic population, and existing scales designed for non-autistic individuals may not assess all meaningful facets of QoL in the autistic population. To address this need, the autism spectrum QoL form (ASQoL) was recently developed as a measure of the autism-relevant quality of life. However, the psychometrics of the ASQoL have not been examined beyond the authors' initial validation study, and important properties such as measurement invariance/differential item functioning (DIF) have not yet been tested. Using data from 700 autistic adults recruited from the Simons Foundation's SPARK cohort, the current study sought to perform a comprehensive independent psychometric evaluation of the ASQoL using item response theory, comparing its performance to a newly-proposed brief measure of general QoL (the WHOQOL-4). Our models revealed substantial DIF by sex and gender in the ASQoL, which caused ASQoL scores to grossly underestimate the self-reported QoL of autistic women. Based on a comparison of latent variable means, we demonstrated that observed sex/gender differences in manifest ASQoL scores were the result of statistical artifacts, a claim that was further supported by the lack of significant group differences on the sex/gender-invariant WHOQOL-4. Our findings indicate that the ASQoL composite score is psychometrically problematic in its current form, and substantial revisions may be necessary before valid and meaningful inferences can be made regarding autism-relevant aspects of QoL. LAY SUMMARY: Quality of life (QoL) is an extremely important outcome for autistic people, but many of the tools that are used to measure it does not take into account how QoL may be different for autistic people. Using data from 700 autistic adults, we examined the measurement properties of the autism spectrum quality of life form (ASQoL), a new measure of QoL designed specifically for autistic people. Our results indicate that the ASQoL shows a pronounced sex/gender bias, which causes it to underestimate QoL in autistic women. This bias needs to be eliminated before the ASQoL can be successfully used to measure QoL in the autistic population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2519 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Assessing general and autism-relevant quality of life in autistic adults: A psychometric investigation using item response theory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Z. J. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; K. O. GOTHAM, Auteur . - p.1633-1644. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1633-1644 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Female  Humans  Male  Psychometrics  Quality of Life  Sexism  Surveys and Questionnaires  ASQoL  autism  differential item functioning  item response theory  measurement invariance  quality of life  reliability  sex differences  validity  well-being  Roche. He also serves on the family advisory committee of the Autism Speaks Autism  Treatment Network Vanderbilt site and the autistic researcher review board of the  Autism Intervention Research Network on Physical Health (AIR-P). Katherine Gotham  has no conflicts of interest to disclose. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although many interventions and services for autistic people have the ultimate goal of improving quality of life (QoL), there is relatively little research on how best to assess this construct in the autistic population, and existing scales designed for non-autistic individuals may not assess all meaningful facets of QoL in the autistic population. To address this need, the autism spectrum QoL form (ASQoL) was recently developed as a measure of the autism-relevant quality of life. However, the psychometrics of the ASQoL have not been examined beyond the authors' initial validation study, and important properties such as measurement invariance/differential item functioning (DIF) have not yet been tested. Using data from 700 autistic adults recruited from the Simons Foundation's SPARK cohort, the current study sought to perform a comprehensive independent psychometric evaluation of the ASQoL using item response theory, comparing its performance to a newly-proposed brief measure of general QoL (the WHOQOL-4). Our models revealed substantial DIF by sex and gender in the ASQoL, which caused ASQoL scores to grossly underestimate the self-reported QoL of autistic women. Based on a comparison of latent variable means, we demonstrated that observed sex/gender differences in manifest ASQoL scores were the result of statistical artifacts, a claim that was further supported by the lack of significant group differences on the sex/gender-invariant WHOQOL-4. Our findings indicate that the ASQoL composite score is psychometrically problematic in its current form, and substantial revisions may be necessary before valid and meaningful inferences can be made regarding autism-relevant aspects of QoL. LAY SUMMARY: Quality of life (QoL) is an extremely important outcome for autistic people, but many of the tools that are used to measure it does not take into account how QoL may be different for autistic people. Using data from 700 autistic adults, we examined the measurement properties of the autism spectrum quality of life form (ASQoL), a new measure of QoL designed specifically for autistic people. Our results indicate that the ASQoL shows a pronounced sex/gender bias, which causes it to underestimate QoL in autistic women. This bias needs to be eliminated before the ASQoL can be successfully used to measure QoL in the autistic population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2519 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages of individuals with autism spectrum disorder adversely affect neuronal dendrites through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines / Ryohei TAKADA in Molecular Autism, 15 (2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 10p. Titre : Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages of individuals with autism spectrum disorder adversely affect neuronal dendrites through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ryohei TAKADA, Auteur ; Michihiro TORITSUKA, Auteur ; Takahira YAMAUCHI, Auteur ; Rio ISHIDA, Auteur ; Yoshinori KAYASHIMA, Auteur ; Yuki NISHI, Auteur ; Mitsuru ISHIKAWA, Auteur ; Kazuhiko YAMAMURO, Auteur ; Minobu IKEHARA, Auteur ; Takashi KOMORI, Auteur ; Yuki NORIYAMA, Auteur ; Kohei KAMIKAWA, Auteur ; Yasuhiko SAITO, Auteur ; Hideyuki OKANO, Auteur ; Manabu MAKINODAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 10p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Female  Male  Humans  Cytokines  Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism/pharmacology  Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism/pharmacology  Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism/pharmacology  Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism  Interleukin-1alpha/metabolism/pharmacology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism  Cells, Cultured  Sexism  Macrophages/metabolism  Granulocytes/metabolism  Dendrites/metabolism  Autism spectrum disorder  Dendrite  Human iPS cell  Interleukin-1?  Macrophage  Tumor necrosis factor-? Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that immune dysfunction and inflammation in the peripheral tissues as well as the central nervous system are associated with the neurodevelopmental deficits observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma, serum, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ASD has been reported. These cytokine expression levels are associated with the severity of behavioral impairments and symptoms in ASD. In a prior study, our group reported that tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) expression in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages (GM-CSF M?) and the TNF-? expression ratio in GM-CSF M?/M-CSF M? (macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages) was markedly higher in individuals with ASD than in typically developed (TD) individuals. However, the mechanisms of how the macrophages and the highly expressed cytokines affect neurons remain to be addressed. METHODS: To elucidate the effect of macrophages on human neurons, we used a co-culture system of control human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and differentiated macrophages obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of five TD individuals and five individuals with ASD. All participants were male and ethnically Japanese. RESULTS: Our results of co-culture experiments showed that GM-CSF M? affect the dendritic outgrowth of neurons through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1? and TNF-?. Macrophages derived from individuals with ASD exerted more severe effects than those derived from TD individuals. LIMITATIONS: The main limitations of our study were the small sample size with a gender bias toward males, the use of artificially polarized macrophages, and the inability to directly observe the interaction between neurons and macrophages from the same individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our co-culture system revealed the non-cell autonomous adverse effects of GM-CSF M? in individuals with ASD on neurons, mediated by interleukin-1? and TNF-?. These results may support the immune dysfunction hypothesis of ASD, providing new insights into its pathology. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00589-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538 [article] Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages of individuals with autism spectrum disorder adversely affect neuronal dendrites through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ryohei TAKADA, Auteur ; Michihiro TORITSUKA, Auteur ; Takahira YAMAUCHI, Auteur ; Rio ISHIDA, Auteur ; Yoshinori KAYASHIMA, Auteur ; Yuki NISHI, Auteur ; Mitsuru ISHIKAWA, Auteur ; Kazuhiko YAMAMURO, Auteur ; Minobu IKEHARA, Auteur ; Takashi KOMORI, Auteur ; Yuki NORIYAMA, Auteur ; Kohei KAMIKAWA, Auteur ; Yasuhiko SAITO, Auteur ; Hideyuki OKANO, Auteur ; Manabu MAKINODAN, Auteur . - 10p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 15 (2024) . - 10p. Mots-clés : Female  Male  Humans  Cytokines  Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism/pharmacology  Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism/pharmacology  Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism/pharmacology  Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism  Interleukin-1alpha/metabolism/pharmacology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism  Cells, Cultured  Sexism  Macrophages/metabolism  Granulocytes/metabolism  Dendrites/metabolism  Autism spectrum disorder  Dendrite  Human iPS cell  Interleukin-1?  Macrophage  Tumor necrosis factor-? Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that immune dysfunction and inflammation in the peripheral tissues as well as the central nervous system are associated with the neurodevelopmental deficits observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma, serum, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ASD has been reported. These cytokine expression levels are associated with the severity of behavioral impairments and symptoms in ASD. In a prior study, our group reported that tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) expression in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages (GM-CSF M?) and the TNF-? expression ratio in GM-CSF M?/M-CSF M? (macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages) was markedly higher in individuals with ASD than in typically developed (TD) individuals. However, the mechanisms of how the macrophages and the highly expressed cytokines affect neurons remain to be addressed. METHODS: To elucidate the effect of macrophages on human neurons, we used a co-culture system of control human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and differentiated macrophages obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of five TD individuals and five individuals with ASD. All participants were male and ethnically Japanese. RESULTS: Our results of co-culture experiments showed that GM-CSF M? affect the dendritic outgrowth of neurons through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1? and TNF-?. Macrophages derived from individuals with ASD exerted more severe effects than those derived from TD individuals. LIMITATIONS: The main limitations of our study were the small sample size with a gender bias toward males, the use of artificially polarized macrophages, and the inability to directly observe the interaction between neurons and macrophages from the same individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our co-culture system revealed the non-cell autonomous adverse effects of GM-CSF M? in individuals with ASD on neurons, mediated by interleukin-1? and TNF-?. These results may support the immune dysfunction hypothesis of ASD, providing new insights into its pathology. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00589-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=538