Dépouillements

Editorial: Illuminating the dark matter of developmental neuropsychiatric genetics – strategic focus for future research in child psychology and psychiatry / Klaus-Peter LESCH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.201-203 Titre : Editorial: Illuminating the dark matter of developmental neuropsychiatric genetics – strategic focus for future research in child psychology and psychiatry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Klaus-Peter LESCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.201-203 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behavioural genetics  neuropsychiatric genetics  gene-by-environment interaction  epigenetics  neurodevelopmental impairments  gene-trait/disorder association studies  guidelines Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research on genetic factors influencing cognitive and behavioural traits or which are central to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric diseases has been complicated by a furtive discrepancy between high heritability estimates and a scarcity of replicable gene-disorder associations. This ‘missing heritability’ has been either euphemised as the ‘dark matter’ of gene-trait association or aggravated as the ‘looming crisis in behavioural genetics’. Nevertheless, in recognising the importance of this topic for our understanding of child psychiatric conditions and highlighting its commitment to the field, the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) has for the first time appointed an editor with special responsibility for molecular (epi)genetics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12223 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Editorial: Illuminating the dark matter of developmental neuropsychiatric genetics – strategic focus for future research in child psychology and psychiatry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Klaus-Peter LESCH, Auteur . - p.201-203. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.201-203 Mots-clés : Behavioural genetics  neuropsychiatric genetics  gene-by-environment interaction  epigenetics  neurodevelopmental impairments  gene-trait/disorder association studies  guidelines Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research on genetic factors influencing cognitive and behavioural traits or which are central to the aetiology of neuropsychiatric diseases has been complicated by a furtive discrepancy between high heritability estimates and a scarcity of replicable gene-disorder associations. This ‘missing heritability’ has been either euphemised as the ‘dark matter’ of gene-trait association or aggravated as the ‘looming crisis in behavioural genetics’. Nevertheless, in recognising the importance of this topic for our understanding of child psychiatric conditions and highlighting its commitment to the field, the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (JCPP) has for the first time appointed an editor with special responsibility for molecular (epi)genetics. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12223 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Practitioner Review: Social (pragmatic) communication disorder conceptualization, evidence and clinical implications / Courtenay F. NORBURY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.204-216 Titre : Practitioner Review: Social (pragmatic) communication disorder conceptualization, evidence and clinical implications Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Courtenay F. NORBURY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.204-216 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Assessment  autism spectrum disorders  language disorder  pragmatics  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background DSM-5 sees the introduction of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SPCD), characterized by persistent difficulties using verbal and nonverbal communication for social purposes, in the absence of restricted and repetitive interests and behaviours. There is currently much confusion about the precise diagnostic criteria for SPCD and how this disorder relates to autism spectrum disorders (ASD), previous descriptions of pragmatic language impairment (PLI) and more specific language disorders (LD). Method Proposed criteria for SPCD are outlined. A selective review of the evidence considers whether these criteria form a cohesive and distinct diagnostic entity. Approaches to assessment and intervention are discussed. Results Implementing the new diagnosis is currently challenged by a lack of well-validated and reliable assessment measures, and observed continuities between SPCD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. High rates of comorbidity between SPCD and other seemingly disparate disorders (including conduct disorder, ADHD and disorders of known genetic origin) raise questions about the utility of this diagnostic category. Conclusions SPCD is probably best conceptualized as a dimensional symptom profile that may be present across a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, although there is an urgent need to investigate the latent structure of SPCD using consistent diagnostic criteria. In addition, social communication and aspects of pragmatic language may be dissociated, with the latter heavily influenced by structural language attainments. Finally, there is a dearth of reliable and culturally valid assessment measures with which to make a differential diagnosis, and few rigorously tested intervention programmes. The implications for research and clinical practice are outlined. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12154 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Practitioner Review: Social (pragmatic) communication disorder conceptualization, evidence and clinical implications [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Courtenay F. NORBURY, Auteur . - p.204-216. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.204-216 Mots-clés : Assessment  autism spectrum disorders  language disorder  pragmatics  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background DSM-5 sees the introduction of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SPCD), characterized by persistent difficulties using verbal and nonverbal communication for social purposes, in the absence of restricted and repetitive interests and behaviours. There is currently much confusion about the precise diagnostic criteria for SPCD and how this disorder relates to autism spectrum disorders (ASD), previous descriptions of pragmatic language impairment (PLI) and more specific language disorders (LD). Method Proposed criteria for SPCD are outlined. A selective review of the evidence considers whether these criteria form a cohesive and distinct diagnostic entity. Approaches to assessment and intervention are discussed. Results Implementing the new diagnosis is currently challenged by a lack of well-validated and reliable assessment measures, and observed continuities between SPCD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. High rates of comorbidity between SPCD and other seemingly disparate disorders (including conduct disorder, ADHD and disorders of known genetic origin) raise questions about the utility of this diagnostic category. Conclusions SPCD is probably best conceptualized as a dimensional symptom profile that may be present across a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, although there is an urgent need to investigate the latent structure of SPCD using consistent diagnostic criteria. In addition, social communication and aspects of pragmatic language may be dissociated, with the latter heavily influenced by structural language attainments. Finally, there is a dearth of reliable and culturally valid assessment measures with which to make a differential diagnosis, and few rigorously tested intervention programmes. The implications for research and clinical practice are outlined. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12154 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone / Theresa S. BETANCOURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.217-226 Titre : Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ryan MCBAIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. NEWNHAM, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.217-226 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social ecology  mental health  child soldiers  post-conflict  war  externalizing  internalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Worldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war-affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war-affected youth. In this study, we examine three community-level characteristics – social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth – in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone. Methods A total of 243 former child soldiers (30% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two-point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community-level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points. Results Both social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths' externalizing and internalizing scores – indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow-up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p .05). Conclusions This study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex-combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4-year period of follow-up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community-level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12131 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur ; Ryan MCBAIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. NEWNHAM, Auteur ; Robert T. BRENNAN, Auteur . - p.217-226. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.217-226 Mots-clés : Social ecology  mental health  child soldiers  post-conflict  war  externalizing  internalizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Worldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war-affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war-affected youth. In this study, we examine three community-level characteristics – social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth – in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone. Methods A total of 243 former child soldiers (30% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two-point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community-level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points. Results Both social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths' externalizing and internalizing scores – indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow-up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p .05). Conclusions This study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex-combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4-year period of follow-up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community-level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12131 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

A test of the vulnerability model: temperament and temperament change as predictors of future mental disorders – the TRAILS study / Odilia M. LACEULLE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.227-236 Titre : A test of the vulnerability model: temperament and temperament change as predictors of future mental disorders – the TRAILS study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Odilia M. LACEULLE, Auteur ; Johan ORMEL, Auteur ; Wilma A. M. VOLLEBERGH, Auteur ; Marcel A. G. VAN AKEN, Auteur ; Esther NEDERHOF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.227-236 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mental disorders  temperament traits  temperament change  vulnerability model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study aimed to test the vulnerability model of the relationship between temperament and mental disorders using a large sample of adolescents from the TRacking Adolescents Individual Lives' Survey (TRAILS). The vulnerability model argues that particular temperaments can place individuals at risk for the development of mental health problems. Importantly, the model may imply that not only baseline temperament predicts mental health problems prospectively, but additionally, that changes in temperament predict corresponding changes in risk for mental health problems. Methods Data were used from 1195 TRAILS participants. Adolescent temperament was assessed both at age 11 and at age 16. Onset of mental disorders between age 16 and 19 was assessed at age 19, by means of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO CIDI). Results Results showed that temperament at age 11 predicted future mental disorders, thereby providing support for the vulnerability model. Moreover, temperament change predicted future mental disorders above and beyond the effect of basal temperament. For example, an increase in frustration increased the risk of mental disorders proportionally. Conclusion This study confirms, and extends, the vulnerability model. Consequences of both temperament and temperament change were general (e.g., changes in frustration predicted both internalizing and externalizing disorders) as well as dimension specific (e.g., changes in fear predicted internalizing but not externalizing disorders). These findings confirm previous studies, which showed that mental disorders have both unique and shared underlying temperamental risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] A test of the vulnerability model: temperament and temperament change as predictors of future mental disorders – the TRAILS study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Odilia M. LACEULLE, Auteur ; Johan ORMEL, Auteur ; Wilma A. M. VOLLEBERGH, Auteur ; Marcel A. G. VAN AKEN, Auteur ; Esther NEDERHOF, Auteur . - p.227-236. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.227-236 Mots-clés : Mental disorders  temperament traits  temperament change  vulnerability model Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background This study aimed to test the vulnerability model of the relationship between temperament and mental disorders using a large sample of adolescents from the TRacking Adolescents Individual Lives' Survey (TRAILS). The vulnerability model argues that particular temperaments can place individuals at risk for the development of mental health problems. Importantly, the model may imply that not only baseline temperament predicts mental health problems prospectively, but additionally, that changes in temperament predict corresponding changes in risk for mental health problems. Methods Data were used from 1195 TRAILS participants. Adolescent temperament was assessed both at age 11 and at age 16. Onset of mental disorders between age 16 and 19 was assessed at age 19, by means of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO CIDI). Results Results showed that temperament at age 11 predicted future mental disorders, thereby providing support for the vulnerability model. Moreover, temperament change predicted future mental disorders above and beyond the effect of basal temperament. For example, an increase in frustration increased the risk of mental disorders proportionally. Conclusion This study confirms, and extends, the vulnerability model. Consequences of both temperament and temperament change were general (e.g., changes in frustration predicted both internalizing and externalizing disorders) as well as dimension specific (e.g., changes in fear predicted internalizing but not externalizing disorders). These findings confirm previous studies, which showed that mental disorders have both unique and shared underlying temperamental risk factors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12141 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Comorbidities in preschool children at family risk of dyslexia / Debbie GOOCH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.237-246 Titre : Comorbidities in preschool children at family risk of dyslexia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Debbie GOOCH, Auteur ; Charles HULME, Auteur ; Hannah M. NASH, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.237-246 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Comorbidity  language disorder  dyslexia  motor skills  executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Comorbidity among developmental disorders such as dyslexia, language impairment, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and developmental coordination disorder is common. This study explores comorbid weaknesses in preschool children at family risk of dyslexia with and without language impairment and considers the role that comorbidity plays in determining children's outcomes. Method The preschool attention, executive function and motor skills of 112 children at family risk for dyslexia, 29 of whom also met criteria for language impairment, were assessed at ages 3½ and 4½ years. The performance of these children was compared to the performance of children with language impairment and typically developing controls. Results Weaknesses in attention, executive function and motor skills were associated with language impairment rather than family risk status. Individual differences in language and executive function are strongly related during the preschool period, and preschool motor skills predicted unique variance (4%) in early reading skills over and above children's language ability. Conclusion Comorbidity between developmental disorders can be observed in the preschool years: children with language impairment have significant and persistent weaknesses in motor skills and executive function compared to those without language impairment. Children's early language and motor skills are predictors of children's later reading skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12139 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Comorbidities in preschool children at family risk of dyslexia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Debbie GOOCH, Auteur ; Charles HULME, Auteur ; Hannah M. NASH, Auteur ; Margaret J. SNOWLING, Auteur . - p.237-246. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.237-246 Mots-clés : Comorbidity  language disorder  dyslexia  motor skills  executive function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Comorbidity among developmental disorders such as dyslexia, language impairment, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and developmental coordination disorder is common. This study explores comorbid weaknesses in preschool children at family risk of dyslexia with and without language impairment and considers the role that comorbidity plays in determining children's outcomes. Method The preschool attention, executive function and motor skills of 112 children at family risk for dyslexia, 29 of whom also met criteria for language impairment, were assessed at ages 3½ and 4½ years. The performance of these children was compared to the performance of children with language impairment and typically developing controls. Results Weaknesses in attention, executive function and motor skills were associated with language impairment rather than family risk status. Individual differences in language and executive function are strongly related during the preschool period, and preschool motor skills predicted unique variance (4%) in early reading skills over and above children's language ability. Conclusion Comorbidity between developmental disorders can be observed in the preschool years: children with language impairment have significant and persistent weaknesses in motor skills and executive function compared to those without language impairment. Children's early language and motor skills are predictors of children's later reading skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12139 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

A randomized clinical trial of Cogmed Working Memory Training in school-age children with ADHD: a replication in a diverse sample using a control condition / Anil CHACKO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.247-255 Titre : A randomized clinical trial of Cogmed Working Memory Training in school-age children with ADHD: a replication in a diverse sample using a control condition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anil CHACKO, Auteur ; Anne-Claude BEDARD, Auteur ; D. J. MARKS, Auteur ; N. FEIRSEN, Auteur ; J. Z. UDERMAN, Auteur ; A. CHIMIKLIS, Auteur ; E. RAJWAN, Auteur ; M. CORNWELL, Auteur ; L. ANDERSON, Auteur ; A. ZWILLING, Auteur ; M. RAMON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.247-255 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  treatment  working memory  cognitive training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) has received considerable attention as a promising intervention for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. At the same time, methodological weaknesses in previous clinical trials call into question reported efficacy of CWMT. In particular, lack of equivalence in key aspects of CWMT (i.e., contingent reinforcement, time-on-task with computer training, parent–child interactions, supportive coaching) between CWMT and placebo versions of CWMT used in previous trials may account for the beneficial outcomes favoring CWMT. Methods Eighty-five 7- to 11-year old school-age children with ADHD (66 male; 78%) were randomized to either standard CWMT (CWMT Active) or a well-controlled CWMT placebo condition (CWMT Placebo) and evaluated before and 3 weeks after treatment. Dependent measures included parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms; objective measures of attention, activity level, and impulsivity; and psychometric indices of working memory and academic achievement (Clinical trial title: Combined cognitive remediation and behavioral intervention for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01137318). Results CWMT Active participants demonstrated significantly greater improvements in verbal and nonverbal working memory storage, but evidenced no discernible gains in working memory storage plus processing/manipulation. In addition, no treatment group differences were observed for any other outcome measures. Conclusions When a more rigorous comparison condition is utilized, CWMT demonstrates effects on certain aspects of working memory in children with ADHD; however, CWMT does not appear to foster treatment generalization to other domains of functioning. As such, CWMT should not be considered a viable treatment for children with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12146 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] A randomized clinical trial of Cogmed Working Memory Training in school-age children with ADHD: a replication in a diverse sample using a control condition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anil CHACKO, Auteur ; Anne-Claude BEDARD, Auteur ; D. J. MARKS, Auteur ; N. FEIRSEN, Auteur ; J. Z. UDERMAN, Auteur ; A. CHIMIKLIS, Auteur ; E. RAJWAN, Auteur ; M. CORNWELL, Auteur ; L. ANDERSON, Auteur ; A. ZWILLING, Auteur ; M. RAMON, Auteur . - p.247-255. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.247-255 Mots-clés : ADHD  treatment  working memory  cognitive training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) has received considerable attention as a promising intervention for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. At the same time, methodological weaknesses in previous clinical trials call into question reported efficacy of CWMT. In particular, lack of equivalence in key aspects of CWMT (i.e., contingent reinforcement, time-on-task with computer training, parent–child interactions, supportive coaching) between CWMT and placebo versions of CWMT used in previous trials may account for the beneficial outcomes favoring CWMT. Methods Eighty-five 7- to 11-year old school-age children with ADHD (66 male; 78%) were randomized to either standard CWMT (CWMT Active) or a well-controlled CWMT placebo condition (CWMT Placebo) and evaluated before and 3 weeks after treatment. Dependent measures included parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms; objective measures of attention, activity level, and impulsivity; and psychometric indices of working memory and academic achievement (Clinical trial title: Combined cognitive remediation and behavioral intervention for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01137318). Results CWMT Active participants demonstrated significantly greater improvements in verbal and nonverbal working memory storage, but evidenced no discernible gains in working memory storage plus processing/manipulation. In addition, no treatment group differences were observed for any other outcome measures. Conclusions When a more rigorous comparison condition is utilized, CWMT demonstrates effects on certain aspects of working memory in children with ADHD; however, CWMT does not appear to foster treatment generalization to other domains of functioning. As such, CWMT should not be considered a viable treatment for children with ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12146 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Commentary: Working memory training and ADHD – where does its potential lie? Reflections on Chacko et al. (2014) / Susan E. GATHERCOLE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.256-257 Titre : Commentary: Working memory training and ADHD – where does its potential lie? Reflections on Chacko et al. (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan E. GATHERCOLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.256-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD interventions  working memory training  cognitive training  multifaceted support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chacko et al.'s investigation of the clinical utility of WM training to alleviate key symptoms of ADHD is timely and substantial, and marks a significant point in cognitive training research. Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) involves intensive practice on multiple memory span tasks that increase in difficulty as performance improves with practice. Relative to a placebo version in which the span level of the memory tasks are kept at a low fixed level, Chacko et al. () found that CWMT boosted the performance of children with ADHD on short-term memory (STM) tasks similar to trained activities. Complex WM span measures sharing little overlap with the structure of training activities were not enhanced. Neither did active CWMT ameliorate classic symptoms of ADHD such as parent or teacher ratings of attentional problems, or direct measures of motor impulsivity and sustained attention. Reading, spelling, comprehension or mathematics scores similarly showed no response to training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12196 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Commentary: Working memory training and ADHD – where does its potential lie? Reflections on Chacko et al. (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan E. GATHERCOLE, Auteur . - p.256-257. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.256-257 Mots-clés : ADHD interventions  working memory training  cognitive training  multifaceted support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chacko et al.'s investigation of the clinical utility of WM training to alleviate key symptoms of ADHD is timely and substantial, and marks a significant point in cognitive training research. Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) involves intensive practice on multiple memory span tasks that increase in difficulty as performance improves with practice. Relative to a placebo version in which the span level of the memory tasks are kept at a low fixed level, Chacko et al. () found that CWMT boosted the performance of children with ADHD on short-term memory (STM) tasks similar to trained activities. Complex WM span measures sharing little overlap with the structure of training activities were not enhanced. Neither did active CWMT ameliorate classic symptoms of ADHD such as parent or teacher ratings of attentional problems, or direct measures of motor impulsivity and sustained attention. Reading, spelling, comprehension or mathematics scores similarly showed no response to training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12196 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Increased use of lethal methods and annual increase of suicide rates in Korean adolescents: comparison with adolescents in the United States / Subin PARK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.258-263 Titre : Increased use of lethal methods and annual increase of suicide rates in Korean adolescents: comparison with adolescents in the United States Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Subin PARK, Auteur ; Soo-Churl CHO, Auteur ; Bung-Nyun KIM, Auteur ; Jae-Won KIM, Auteur ; Hee Jeong YOO, Auteur ; Jin Pyo HONG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.258-263 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The lethality of the suicide method is a strong risk factor for completed suicide. We examined whether the annual change in the pattern of suicide methods was related to the annual change in suicide rates among adolescents in South Korea and the United States. Methods We analyzed annual data for the 2000–2009 period for South Korea and the 2000–2008 period for the United States to examine time trends in the suicide rates and suicide methods of adolescents aged 10–19 years in two countries. Data on suicide methods were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. Results Suicide rates among adolescents in the United States have remained relatively steady since 2000, whereas the suicide among Korean adolescents has increased. Between 2000 and 2009, the most common suicide method among Korean adolescents was jumping for boys and girls, whereas it was hanging for girls and firearms for boys in the United States. Along with the annual increase in suicide rates in South Korea, the incidences of jumping among males and hanging (and recently jumping) among females have increased steadily, whereas suicide by self-poisoning steadily decreased. In the United States, between 2000 and 2008, the proportion of suicides committed by hanging increased, whereas those committed using firearms steadily decreased, particularly among adolescent females. Conclusions These findings suggest that the increased use of lethal suicide methods is reflected in the increase in suicide rates in Korean adolescents. The most fruitful approach to addressing the rises in jumping suicides among Korean adolescents and hanging suicides among adolescents in the United States may be through population-based initiatives to reduce the physical availability (e.g., limiting access to or fencing off tall structures) and the social acceptability (e.g., effective and responsible regulations for reporting suicide) of these methods. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12148 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Increased use of lethal methods and annual increase of suicide rates in Korean adolescents: comparison with adolescents in the United States [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Subin PARK, Auteur ; Soo-Churl CHO, Auteur ; Bung-Nyun KIM, Auteur ; Jae-Won KIM, Auteur ; Hee Jeong YOO, Auteur ; Jin Pyo HONG, Auteur . - p.258-263. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.258-263 Mots-clés : Adolescence  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The lethality of the suicide method is a strong risk factor for completed suicide. We examined whether the annual change in the pattern of suicide methods was related to the annual change in suicide rates among adolescents in South Korea and the United States. Methods We analyzed annual data for the 2000–2009 period for South Korea and the 2000–2008 period for the United States to examine time trends in the suicide rates and suicide methods of adolescents aged 10–19 years in two countries. Data on suicide methods were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. Results Suicide rates among adolescents in the United States have remained relatively steady since 2000, whereas the suicide among Korean adolescents has increased. Between 2000 and 2009, the most common suicide method among Korean adolescents was jumping for boys and girls, whereas it was hanging for girls and firearms for boys in the United States. Along with the annual increase in suicide rates in South Korea, the incidences of jumping among males and hanging (and recently jumping) among females have increased steadily, whereas suicide by self-poisoning steadily decreased. In the United States, between 2000 and 2008, the proportion of suicides committed by hanging increased, whereas those committed using firearms steadily decreased, particularly among adolescent females. Conclusions These findings suggest that the increased use of lethal suicide methods is reflected in the increase in suicide rates in Korean adolescents. The most fruitful approach to addressing the rises in jumping suicides among Korean adolescents and hanging suicides among adolescents in the United States may be through population-based initiatives to reduce the physical availability (e.g., limiting access to or fencing off tall structures) and the social acceptability (e.g., effective and responsible regulations for reporting suicide) of these methods. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12148 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Functional outcomes of child and adolescent oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in young adult men / Jeffrey D. BURKE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.264-272 Titre : Functional outcomes of child and adolescent oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in young adult men Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeffrey D. BURKE, Auteur ; Richard ROWE, Auteur ; Khrista BOYLAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.264-272 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Oppositional defiant disorder  impairment  outcomes  adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) is considered to be a disorder of childhood, yet evidence suggests that prevalence rates of the disorder are stable into late adolescence and trajectories of symptoms persist into young adulthood. Functional outcomes associated with ODD through childhood and adolescence include conflict within families, poor peer relationships, peer rejection, and academic difficulties. Little examination of functional outcomes in adulthood associated with ODD has been undertaken. Method Data for the present analyses come from a clinic referred sample of 177 boys aged 7–12 followed up annually to age 18 and again at age 24. Annual parental report of psychopathology through adolescence was used to predict self-reported functional outcomes at 24. Results Controlling for parent reported symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Conduct disorder (CD), depression and anxiety, ODD symptoms from childhood through adolescence predicted poorer age 24 functioning with peers, poorer romantic relationships, a poorer paternal relationship, and having nobody who would provide a recommendation for a job. CD symptoms predicted workplace problems, poor maternal relationship, lower academic attainment, and violent injuries. Only parent reported ODD symptoms and child reported CD symptoms predicted a composite of poor adult outcomes. Conclusion Oppositional defiant disorder is a disorder that significantly interferes with functioning, particularly in social or interpersonal relationships. The persistence of impairment associated with ODD into young adulthood calls for a reconsideration of ODD as a disorder limited to childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12150 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Functional outcomes of child and adolescent oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in young adult men [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeffrey D. BURKE, Auteur ; Richard ROWE, Auteur ; Khrista BOYLAN, Auteur . - p.264-272. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.264-272 Mots-clés : Oppositional defiant disorder  impairment  outcomes  adulthood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Oppositional defiant disorder(ODD) is considered to be a disorder of childhood, yet evidence suggests that prevalence rates of the disorder are stable into late adolescence and trajectories of symptoms persist into young adulthood. Functional outcomes associated with ODD through childhood and adolescence include conflict within families, poor peer relationships, peer rejection, and academic difficulties. Little examination of functional outcomes in adulthood associated with ODD has been undertaken. Method Data for the present analyses come from a clinic referred sample of 177 boys aged 7–12 followed up annually to age 18 and again at age 24. Annual parental report of psychopathology through adolescence was used to predict self-reported functional outcomes at 24. Results Controlling for parent reported symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Conduct disorder (CD), depression and anxiety, ODD symptoms from childhood through adolescence predicted poorer age 24 functioning with peers, poorer romantic relationships, a poorer paternal relationship, and having nobody who would provide a recommendation for a job. CD symptoms predicted workplace problems, poor maternal relationship, lower academic attainment, and violent injuries. Only parent reported ODD symptoms and child reported CD symptoms predicted a composite of poor adult outcomes. Conclusion Oppositional defiant disorder is a disorder that significantly interferes with functioning, particularly in social or interpersonal relationships. The persistence of impairment associated with ODD into young adulthood calls for a reconsideration of ODD as a disorder limited to childhood. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12150 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

The effects of sleep extension and sleep hygiene advice on sleep and depressive symptoms in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial / J. F. DEWALD-KAUFMANN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.273-283 Titre : The effects of sleep extension and sleep hygiene advice on sleep and depressive symptoms in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. F. DEWALD-KAUFMANN, Auteur ; F. J. OORT, Auteur ; A. M. MEIJER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.273-283 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescents  sleep  chronic sleep reduction  sleep extension  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective Sleep problems are common and persistent during adolescence and can have negative effects on adolescents' mood. To date, studies that investigate the effects of sleep extension on adolescents' sleep and depressive symptoms are still lacking. This study aims to investigate the effects of gradual sleep extension combined with sleep hygiene advice in adolescents with chronic sleep reduction on objectively measured sleep, self-reported sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Methods Fifty-five adolescents with chronic sleep reduction (mean age: 15.44 years; 85.5% females) were included in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a sleep extension group (gradual sleep extension by advancing bedtimes in the evening and receiving sleep hygiene advice) or to a control group (no instruction). Sleep was measured with actigraphy during three weeks, the first week was the baseline week, and the last two weeks were the experimental weeks during which sleep was extended. Other outcome variables were self-reported sleep problems (daytime sleepiness, symptoms of insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorder) and depressive symptoms, which were assessed before and after the experimental manipulation. Results During the third week of the experiment, adolescents in the sleep extension group had earlier bedtimes, earlier sleep onsets, spent more time in bed and slept longer than adolescents in the control group. Their chronic sleep reduction, insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms diminished significantly. In addition, there was a trend of improved circadian rhythm sleep disorder symptoms and sleep quality. Conclusion Gradual sleep extension combined with sleep hygiene advice seems to have beneficial effects on sleep, self-reported sleep problems and depressive symptoms of adolescents with chronic sleep reduction. Although we cannot distinguish between the effects of sleep extension and sleep hygiene advice, the results suggest that advancing bedtimes can extend sleep and improve depressive symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12157 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] The effects of sleep extension and sleep hygiene advice on sleep and depressive symptoms in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. F. DEWALD-KAUFMANN, Auteur ; F. J. OORT, Auteur ; A. M. MEIJER, Auteur . - p.273-283. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.273-283 Mots-clés : Adolescents  sleep  chronic sleep reduction  sleep extension  depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective Sleep problems are common and persistent during adolescence and can have negative effects on adolescents' mood. To date, studies that investigate the effects of sleep extension on adolescents' sleep and depressive symptoms are still lacking. This study aims to investigate the effects of gradual sleep extension combined with sleep hygiene advice in adolescents with chronic sleep reduction on objectively measured sleep, self-reported sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Methods Fifty-five adolescents with chronic sleep reduction (mean age: 15.44 years; 85.5% females) were included in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a sleep extension group (gradual sleep extension by advancing bedtimes in the evening and receiving sleep hygiene advice) or to a control group (no instruction). Sleep was measured with actigraphy during three weeks, the first week was the baseline week, and the last two weeks were the experimental weeks during which sleep was extended. Other outcome variables were self-reported sleep problems (daytime sleepiness, symptoms of insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorder) and depressive symptoms, which were assessed before and after the experimental manipulation. Results During the third week of the experiment, adolescents in the sleep extension group had earlier bedtimes, earlier sleep onsets, spent more time in bed and slept longer than adolescents in the control group. Their chronic sleep reduction, insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms diminished significantly. In addition, there was a trend of improved circadian rhythm sleep disorder symptoms and sleep quality. Conclusion Gradual sleep extension combined with sleep hygiene advice seems to have beneficial effects on sleep, self-reported sleep problems and depressive symptoms of adolescents with chronic sleep reduction. Although we cannot distinguish between the effects of sleep extension and sleep hygiene advice, the results suggest that advancing bedtimes can extend sleep and improve depressive symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12157 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: evidence for measurement invariance / Melanie A. DIRKS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.284-291 Titre : Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: evidence for measurement invariance Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; V. Robin WEERSING, Auteur ; Erin WARNICK, Auteur ; Araceli GONZALEZ, Auteur ; Megan ALTON, Auteur ; Christine DAUSER, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur ; Joseph WOOLSTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.284-291 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  measurement  informant disagreement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We characterized parent-youth disagreement in their report on the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and examined the equivalence of this measure across parent and youth report. Methods A clinically referred sample of 408 parent-youth dyads (M age youth = 14.33, SD = 1.89; 53.7% male; 50.0% Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 14.0% Hispanic, 29.7% African-American) completed the SCARED. We examined (a) differences between parents and youth in the total number of symptoms reported (difference scores) and in their ratings of specific symptoms (q correlations), (b) demographic factors associated with these indices, and (c) equivalence of the pattern and magnitude of factor loadings (i.e., configural and metric invariance), as well as item thresholds and residual variances, across informants. Results The mean difference score was ?2.13 (SD = 14.44), with youth reporting higher levels of symptoms, and the mean q correlation was .32 (SD = .24). Difference scores were greater for African-American dyads than NHW pairs. We found complete configural, metric, and residual invariance, and partial threshold invariance. Differences in thresholds did not appear to reflect systematic differences between parent and youth report. Findings were comparable when analyses were conducted separately for NHW and ethnic minority families. Conclusion Findings provide further evidence for the importance of considering youth report when evaluating anxiety in African-American families. The SCARED was invariant across informant reports, suggesting that it is appropriate to compare mean scores for these raters and that variability in parent and youth report is not attributable to their rating different constructs or using different thresholds to determine when symptoms are present. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12159 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: evidence for measurement invariance [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; V. Robin WEERSING, Auteur ; Erin WARNICK, Auteur ; Araceli GONZALEZ, Auteur ; Megan ALTON, Auteur ; Christine DAUSER, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur ; Joseph WOOLSTON, Auteur . - p.284-291. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.284-291 Mots-clés : Anxiety  measurement  informant disagreement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We characterized parent-youth disagreement in their report on the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and examined the equivalence of this measure across parent and youth report. Methods A clinically referred sample of 408 parent-youth dyads (M age youth = 14.33, SD = 1.89; 53.7% male; 50.0% Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 14.0% Hispanic, 29.7% African-American) completed the SCARED. We examined (a) differences between parents and youth in the total number of symptoms reported (difference scores) and in their ratings of specific symptoms (q correlations), (b) demographic factors associated with these indices, and (c) equivalence of the pattern and magnitude of factor loadings (i.e., configural and metric invariance), as well as item thresholds and residual variances, across informants. Results The mean difference score was ?2.13 (SD = 14.44), with youth reporting higher levels of symptoms, and the mean q correlation was .32 (SD = .24). Difference scores were greater for African-American dyads than NHW pairs. We found complete configural, metric, and residual invariance, and partial threshold invariance. Differences in thresholds did not appear to reflect systematic differences between parent and youth report. Findings were comparable when analyses were conducted separately for NHW and ethnic minority families. Conclusion Findings provide further evidence for the importance of considering youth report when evaluating anxiety in African-American families. The SCARED was invariant across informant reports, suggesting that it is appropriate to compare mean scores for these raters and that variability in parent and youth report is not attributable to their rating different constructs or using different thresholds to determine when symptoms are present. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12159 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

The persistence of cognitive deficits in remitted and unremitted ADHD: a case for the state-independence of response inhibition / Tara MCAULEY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.292-300 Titre : The persistence of cognitive deficits in remitted and unremitted ADHD: a case for the state-independence of response inhibition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tara MCAULEY, Auteur ; Jennifer CROSBIE, Auteur ; Alice CHARACH, Auteur ; Russell SCHACHAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.292-300 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  endophenotype  inhibition  working memory  response variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Response inhibition, working memory, and response variability are possible endophenotypes of ADHD based on their association with the disorder and evidence of heritability. One of the critical although rarely studied criteria for a valid endophenotype is that it persists despite waxing and waning of the overt manifestations of the disorder, a criterion known as state-independence. This study examined whether these aspects of cognition exhibit state-independence in ADHD. Methods One hundred and seventy-nine children diagnosed with ADHD in a rigorous baseline assessment were contacted for follow-up assessment in adolescence. Of this sample, 130 (73%) were reascertained. At follow-up, children previously diagnosed with ADHD were identified as remittent (n = 24), persistent (n = 64), or in partial remission (n = 42) based on symptoms and impairment of the disorder. Response inhibition, working memory, and response variability were assessed both in childhood (baseline) and adolescence (follow-up) and were compared with age-matched controls (40 children and 28 adolescents) seen at either time point. Results Relative to controls, ADHD children showed baseline deficits in response inhibition, working memory, and response variability. Only the group difference in response inhibition remained significant in adolescence. In general, cognitive performance among ADHD participants improved with age and did so regardless of changes in ADHD symptoms and impairment. Within the ADHD group, however, cognitive performance in childhood and in adolescence did not differ amongst those with persistent, remittent, and partially remittent forms of the disorder. Conclusions Results demonstrate that response inhibition not only distinguishes ADHD children from their unaffected peers but is also state-independent, such that deficits remain present irrespective of changes in the disease phenotype. In other words, inhibitory deficits measured in childhood persist into adolescence even when the ADHD phenotype remits. These findings provide further evidence that the ability to stop prepotent actions is an endophenotype of ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12160 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] The persistence of cognitive deficits in remitted and unremitted ADHD: a case for the state-independence of response inhibition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tara MCAULEY, Auteur ; Jennifer CROSBIE, Auteur ; Alice CHARACH, Auteur ; Russell SCHACHAR, Auteur . - p.292-300. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.292-300 Mots-clés : ADHD  endophenotype  inhibition  working memory  response variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Response inhibition, working memory, and response variability are possible endophenotypes of ADHD based on their association with the disorder and evidence of heritability. One of the critical although rarely studied criteria for a valid endophenotype is that it persists despite waxing and waning of the overt manifestations of the disorder, a criterion known as state-independence. This study examined whether these aspects of cognition exhibit state-independence in ADHD. Methods One hundred and seventy-nine children diagnosed with ADHD in a rigorous baseline assessment were contacted for follow-up assessment in adolescence. Of this sample, 130 (73%) were reascertained. At follow-up, children previously diagnosed with ADHD were identified as remittent (n = 24), persistent (n = 64), or in partial remission (n = 42) based on symptoms and impairment of the disorder. Response inhibition, working memory, and response variability were assessed both in childhood (baseline) and adolescence (follow-up) and were compared with age-matched controls (40 children and 28 adolescents) seen at either time point. Results Relative to controls, ADHD children showed baseline deficits in response inhibition, working memory, and response variability. Only the group difference in response inhibition remained significant in adolescence. In general, cognitive performance among ADHD participants improved with age and did so regardless of changes in ADHD symptoms and impairment. Within the ADHD group, however, cognitive performance in childhood and in adolescence did not differ amongst those with persistent, remittent, and partially remittent forms of the disorder. Conclusions Results demonstrate that response inhibition not only distinguishes ADHD children from their unaffected peers but is also state-independent, such that deficits remain present irrespective of changes in the disease phenotype. In other words, inhibitory deficits measured in childhood persist into adolescence even when the ADHD phenotype remits. These findings provide further evidence that the ability to stop prepotent actions is an endophenotype of ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12160 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Erratum in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.E1-E1 Titre : Erratum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.E1-E1 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Erratum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.E1-E1. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.E1-E1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226