Area and family effects on the psychopathology of the Millennium Cohort Study children and their older siblings / Eirini FLOURI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-2 (February 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-2 (February 2010) . - p.152-161 Titre : Area and family effects on the psychopathology of the Millennium Cohort Study children and their older siblings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eirini FLOURI, Auteur ; Nikos TZAVIDIS, Auteur ; Constantinos KALLIS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.152-161 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Contextual-risk multilevel-models multivariate-multilevel-models sibling-data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: To model and compare contextual (area and family) effects on the psychopathology of children nested in families nested in areas. Method: Data from the first two sweeps of the UK's Millennium Cohort Study were used. The final study sample was 9,630 children clustered in 6,052 families clustered in 1,681 Lower-layer Super Output Areas. The mean age of the children at Sweep 2 was 4.96 (SD = 2.76) years. Contextual risk was measured at area level with the Index of Multiple Deprivation (Sweep 1), and at family level with the number of proximal (Sweep 2) and distal (Sweep 1) adverse life events experienced. Psychopathology was measured at Sweep 2 with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: At baseline, both proximal and distal family risk and area risk predicted broad psychopathology, although the most parsimonious was the proximal family risk model, and both the family-level and the area-level variability were significant. The area risk/broad psychopathology association remained significant even when family risk was controlled, but not when family socioeconomic status was controlled. The full model added parenting and paternal and maternal psychopathology. When parental qualifications were excluded from the family-level contextual controls the effect of area risk remained significant on both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. Conclusions: The effect of area on child psychopathology operated via the socioeconomic characteristics of the child's family, not just the adverse characteristics of the neighbors. Multiple family risk predicted child psychopathology directly and independently, and not because it was associated with family socioeconomic status. Family socioeconomic status explained the association between area risk and broad psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02156.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=941 [article] Area and family effects on the psychopathology of the Millennium Cohort Study children and their older siblings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eirini FLOURI, Auteur ; Nikos TZAVIDIS, Auteur ; Constantinos KALLIS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.152-161. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-2 (February 2010) . - p.152-161 Mots-clés : Contextual-risk multilevel-models multivariate-multilevel-models sibling-data Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: To model and compare contextual (area and family) effects on the psychopathology of children nested in families nested in areas. Method: Data from the first two sweeps of the UK's Millennium Cohort Study were used. The final study sample was 9,630 children clustered in 6,052 families clustered in 1,681 Lower-layer Super Output Areas. The mean age of the children at Sweep 2 was 4.96 (SD = 2.76) years. Contextual risk was measured at area level with the Index of Multiple Deprivation (Sweep 1), and at family level with the number of proximal (Sweep 2) and distal (Sweep 1) adverse life events experienced. Psychopathology was measured at Sweep 2 with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: At baseline, both proximal and distal family risk and area risk predicted broad psychopathology, although the most parsimonious was the proximal family risk model, and both the family-level and the area-level variability were significant. The area risk/broad psychopathology association remained significant even when family risk was controlled, but not when family socioeconomic status was controlled. The full model added parenting and paternal and maternal psychopathology. When parental qualifications were excluded from the family-level contextual controls the effect of area risk remained significant on both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. Conclusions: The effect of area on child psychopathology operated via the socioeconomic characteristics of the child's family, not just the adverse characteristics of the neighbors. Multiple family risk predicted child psychopathology directly and independently, and not because it was associated with family socioeconomic status. Family socioeconomic status explained the association between area risk and broad psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02156.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=941

Determinants of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in childhood and adolescence: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study / Mariko HOSOZAWA in Autism, 24-6 (August 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1557-1565 Titre : Determinants of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in childhood and adolescence: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mariko HOSOZAWA, Auteur ; Amanda SACKER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Emily MIDOUHAS, Auteur ; Eirini FLOURI, Auteur ; Noriko CABLE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1557-1565 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Millennium Cohort Study  adolescents  autism spectrum disorder  diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to identify determinants of a late autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, including diagnoses made 'very late' (i.e., in adolescence), using the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative population-based cohort in the United Kingdom. Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by age 14 (N?=?581) were included and grouped by the parent-reported timing of diagnosis: before school (up to age 5), during primary school (age 5-11) and during secondary school (age 11-14). Predictors of diagnostic timing, at the child, family and school levels, were investigated using multinomial logistic regression. Most (79%) children with autism spectrum disorder were diagnosed after school entry, and 28% were not diagnosed until secondary school. Among those not diagnosed until secondary school, 75% had been identified at age 5?years by a parent and/or teacher as having socio-behavioural difficulties. Being diagnosed after starting school was predicted by living in poverty (adjusted relative risk ratio: primary?=?1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.53; secondary?=?2.15, 1.05-4.42) and/or having no initial parental concerns (primary?=?0.32, 0.15-0.70; secondary?=?0.19, 0.09-0.43). Having typical-range intelligence also predicted diagnosis during secondary school. The result indicates that those without cognitive delays and poorer children were at risk of 'very late' (i.e. adolescent) diagnosis. Strategies to promote earlier identification, targeting age at primary school entry, could help those more likely to be diagnosed late.Lay abstractDespite policy emphasis on early identification, many children with autism spectrum disorder are diagnosed late, with some being diagnosed as late as in adolescence. However, evidence on what determines the timing of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis including children diagnosed in adolescence is lacking. Understanding these determinants, particularly in those diagnosed later than is ideal, can inform the development of effective strategies to improve earlier identification of autism spectrum disorder. This study used a nationally representative population-based cohort in the United Kingdom to explore child, family and school level predictors of timing of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. In the United Kingdom, 79% of the children with autism spectrum disorder were diagnosed after entering primary school and 28% during secondary school. Among those not diagnosed until secondary school, 75% had shown social difficulties noticed by parents and/or teachers at age 5?years. The results suggest that healthcare providers should be aware that, even for universal systems of care, those living in poverty and having higher intelligence are most likely to miss out on a timely diagnosis. Strategies to promote earlier identification among school-aged children, including targeting primary school entry age (i.e. around age 5) and that encouraging referrals for a formal assessment at the first report of concerns over the child's social development may benefit those children who would otherwise be diagnosed later. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320913671 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428 [article] Determinants of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in childhood and adolescence: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mariko HOSOZAWA, Auteur ; Amanda SACKER, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur ; Emily MIDOUHAS, Auteur ; Eirini FLOURI, Auteur ; Noriko CABLE, Auteur . - p.1557-1565. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1557-1565 Mots-clés : Millennium Cohort Study  adolescents  autism spectrum disorder  diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to identify determinants of a late autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, including diagnoses made 'very late' (i.e., in adolescence), using the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative population-based cohort in the United Kingdom. Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by age 14 (N?=?581) were included and grouped by the parent-reported timing of diagnosis: before school (up to age 5), during primary school (age 5-11) and during secondary school (age 11-14). Predictors of diagnostic timing, at the child, family and school levels, were investigated using multinomial logistic regression. Most (79%) children with autism spectrum disorder were diagnosed after school entry, and 28% were not diagnosed until secondary school. Among those not diagnosed until secondary school, 75% had been identified at age 5?years by a parent and/or teacher as having socio-behavioural difficulties. Being diagnosed after starting school was predicted by living in poverty (adjusted relative risk ratio: primary?=?1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.53; secondary?=?2.15, 1.05-4.42) and/or having no initial parental concerns (primary?=?0.32, 0.15-0.70; secondary?=?0.19, 0.09-0.43). Having typical-range intelligence also predicted diagnosis during secondary school. The result indicates that those without cognitive delays and poorer children were at risk of 'very late' (i.e. adolescent) diagnosis. Strategies to promote earlier identification, targeting age at primary school entry, could help those more likely to be diagnosed late.Lay abstractDespite policy emphasis on early identification, many children with autism spectrum disorder are diagnosed late, with some being diagnosed as late as in adolescence. However, evidence on what determines the timing of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis including children diagnosed in adolescence is lacking. Understanding these determinants, particularly in those diagnosed later than is ideal, can inform the development of effective strategies to improve earlier identification of autism spectrum disorder. This study used a nationally representative population-based cohort in the United Kingdom to explore child, family and school level predictors of timing of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. In the United Kingdom, 79% of the children with autism spectrum disorder were diagnosed after entering primary school and 28% during secondary school. Among those not diagnosed until secondary school, 75% had shown social difficulties noticed by parents and/or teachers at age 5?years. The results suggest that healthcare providers should be aware that, even for universal systems of care, those living in poverty and having higher intelligence are most likely to miss out on a timely diagnosis. Strategies to promote earlier identification among school-aged children, including targeting primary school entry age (i.e. around age 5) and that encouraging referrals for a formal assessment at the first report of concerns over the child's social development may benefit those children who would otherwise be diagnosed later. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320913671 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428

Mental health and social difficulties of late-diagnosed autistic children, across childhood and adolescence / Will MANDY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-11 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1405-1414 Titre : Mental health and social difficulties of late-diagnosed autistic children, across childhood and adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Will MANDY, Auteur ; Emily MIDOUHAS, Auteur ; Mariko HOSOZAWA, Auteur ; Noriko CABLE, Auteur ; Amanda SACKER, Auteur ; Eirini FLOURI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1405-1414 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Female  Child  Adolescent  Humans  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Cohort Studies  Mental Health  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Educational Status  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Millennium Cohort Study  co-occurring mental health conditions  diagnosis  trajectories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism can be diagnosed from 2 years of age, although most autistic people receive their diagnosis later than this after they have started education. Research is required to understand why some autistic children are diagnosed late, and the level and nature of unmet need prior to diagnosis for late-diagnosed children. METHODS: We examined trajectories of emotional, behavioural and social difficulties (EBSDs) across childhood and adolescence, comparing 'earlier-diagnosed' (diagnosed 7 years or younger) with 'late-diagnosed' (diagnosed between 8 and 14 years) autistic children. Data were from the Millennium Cohort Study, a population-based UK birth cohort. EBSDs were measured using the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, at 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. We used Growth Curve Modelling to investigate levels and rates of change in these difficulties, and to compare earlier- (n=146) and late-diagnosed (n=284) autistic children. RESULTS: Aged 5, earlier-diagnosed autistic children had more emotional (i.e., internalising), conduct, hyperactivity and social difficulties; although clinical difficulties in these areas were nevertheless common in late-diagnosed children. There was a faster annual increase in scores for all domains for late-diagnosed children, and by age 14 years, they had higher levels of EBSDs. These results persisted when we ran adjusted models, to account for the late-diagnosed group having higher rates of late-diagnosed attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, higher IQ, a higher proportion of females and older and more educated mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional, behavioural and social difficulties are associated with, and may influence, the timing of autism diagnosis. Late-diagnosed autistic children often have high levels of mental health and social difficulties prior to their autism diagnosis, and tend to develop even more severe problems as they enter adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13587 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] Mental health and social difficulties of late-diagnosed autistic children, across childhood and adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Will MANDY, Auteur ; Emily MIDOUHAS, Auteur ; Mariko HOSOZAWA, Auteur ; Noriko CABLE, Auteur ; Amanda SACKER, Auteur ; Eirini FLOURI, Auteur . - p.1405-1414. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1405-1414 Mots-clés : Female  Child  Adolescent  Humans  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Cohort Studies  Mental Health  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity  Educational Status  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Millennium Cohort Study  co-occurring mental health conditions  diagnosis  trajectories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism can be diagnosed from 2 years of age, although most autistic people receive their diagnosis later than this after they have started education. Research is required to understand why some autistic children are diagnosed late, and the level and nature of unmet need prior to diagnosis for late-diagnosed children. METHODS: We examined trajectories of emotional, behavioural and social difficulties (EBSDs) across childhood and adolescence, comparing 'earlier-diagnosed' (diagnosed 7 years or younger) with 'late-diagnosed' (diagnosed between 8 and 14 years) autistic children. Data were from the Millennium Cohort Study, a population-based UK birth cohort. EBSDs were measured using the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, at 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. We used Growth Curve Modelling to investigate levels and rates of change in these difficulties, and to compare earlier- (n=146) and late-diagnosed (n=284) autistic children. RESULTS: Aged 5, earlier-diagnosed autistic children had more emotional (i.e., internalising), conduct, hyperactivity and social difficulties; although clinical difficulties in these areas were nevertheless common in late-diagnosed children. There was a faster annual increase in scores for all domains for late-diagnosed children, and by age 14 years, they had higher levels of EBSDs. These results persisted when we ran adjusted models, to account for the late-diagnosed group having higher rates of late-diagnosed attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, higher IQ, a higher proportion of females and older and more educated mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional, behavioural and social difficulties are associated with, and may influence, the timing of autism diagnosis. Late-diagnosed autistic children often have high levels of mental health and social difficulties prior to their autism diagnosis, and tend to develop even more severe problems as they enter adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13587 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490

Poverty and the Growth of Emotional and Conduct Problems in Children with Autism With and Without Comorbid ADHD / Eirini FLOURI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-9 (September 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-9 (September 2015) . - p.2928-2938 Titre : Poverty and the Growth of Emotional and Conduct Problems in Children with Autism With and Without Comorbid ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eirini FLOURI, Auteur ; Emily MIDOUHAS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Zahra SARMADI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2928-2938 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  ASD + ADHD  Child behaviour  Comorbidity  Poverty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the longitudinal relationship between socio-economic disadvantage (SED) and trajectories of emotional and conduct problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; ASD + ADHD) or not (ASD ? ADHD). The sample was 209 children with ASD who took part in the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study. Trajectories of problems across ages 3, 5 and 7 years were analyzed using growth curve models. The ASD ? ADHD group decreased in conduct problems over time but the ASD + ADHD group continued on a high trajectory. Although SED was not a risk factor for ASD + ADHD, it was associated with elevated emotional problems among children with ASD + ADHD. This effect of SED on emotional problems was not attenuated by parenting or peer problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2456-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=267 [article] Poverty and the Growth of Emotional and Conduct Problems in Children with Autism With and Without Comorbid ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eirini FLOURI, Auteur ; Emily MIDOUHAS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Zahra SARMADI, Auteur . - p.2928-2938. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-9 (September 2015) . - p.2928-2938 Mots-clés : ASD  ASD + ADHD  Child behaviour  Comorbidity  Poverty Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the longitudinal relationship between socio-economic disadvantage (SED) and trajectories of emotional and conduct problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; ASD + ADHD) or not (ASD ? ADHD). The sample was 209 children with ASD who took part in the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study. Trajectories of problems across ages 3, 5 and 7 years were analyzed using growth curve models. The ASD ? ADHD group decreased in conduct problems over time but the ASD + ADHD group continued on a high trajectory. Although SED was not a risk factor for ASD + ADHD, it was associated with elevated emotional problems among children with ASD + ADHD. This effect of SED on emotional problems was not attenuated by parenting or peer problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2456-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=267

The codevelopment of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and cognitive ability across childhood and adolescence / Efstathios PAPACHRISTOU in Development and Psychopathology, 32-4 (October 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 32-4 (October 2020) . - p.1375-1389 Titre : The codevelopment of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and cognitive ability across childhood and adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Efstathios PAPACHRISTOU, Auteur ; Eirini FLOURI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1375-1389 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  childhood  cognitive ability  externalizing symptoms  internalizing symptoms  trajectories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive ability, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms are correlated in children. However, it is not known why they combine in the general child population over time. To address this, we used data on 17,318 children participating in the UK Millennium Cohort Study and followed-up five times between ages 3 and 14 years. We fitted three parallel-process latent growth curve models to identify the parallel unfolding of children's trajectories of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and cognitive ability across this period. We also examined the effects of time-invariant (ethnicity, birth weight, maternal education and age at birth, and breastfeeding status) and time-varying covariates (maternal psychological distress and socioeconomic disadvantage) on the growth parameters of the trajectories. The results showed that the intercepts of the trajectories of cognitive ability and, particularly, externalizing symptoms were inversely correlated. Their linear slopes were also inversely correlated, suggesting parallel development. Internalizing symptoms were correlated positively with externalizing symptoms and inversely (and more modestly) with cognitive ability at baseline, but the slope of internalizing symptoms correlated (positively) only with the slope of externalizing symptoms. The covariates predicted 9% to 41% of the variance in the intercepts and slopes of all domains, suggesting they are important common risk factors. Overall, it appears that externalizing symptoms develop in parallel with both cognitive ability and internalizing symptoms from early childhood through to middle adolescence. Children on an increasing trajectory of externalizing symptoms are likely both increasing in internalizing symptoms and decreasing in cognitive skills as well, and are thus an important group to target for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001330 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] The codevelopment of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and cognitive ability across childhood and adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Efstathios PAPACHRISTOU, Auteur ; Eirini FLOURI, Auteur . - p.1375-1389. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 32-4 (October 2020) . - p.1375-1389 Mots-clés : adolescence  childhood  cognitive ability  externalizing symptoms  internalizing symptoms  trajectories Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive ability, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms are correlated in children. However, it is not known why they combine in the general child population over time. To address this, we used data on 17,318 children participating in the UK Millennium Cohort Study and followed-up five times between ages 3 and 14 years. We fitted three parallel-process latent growth curve models to identify the parallel unfolding of children's trajectories of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and cognitive ability across this period. We also examined the effects of time-invariant (ethnicity, birth weight, maternal education and age at birth, and breastfeeding status) and time-varying covariates (maternal psychological distress and socioeconomic disadvantage) on the growth parameters of the trajectories. The results showed that the intercepts of the trajectories of cognitive ability and, particularly, externalizing symptoms were inversely correlated. Their linear slopes were also inversely correlated, suggesting parallel development. Internalizing symptoms were correlated positively with externalizing symptoms and inversely (and more modestly) with cognitive ability at baseline, but the slope of internalizing symptoms correlated (positively) only with the slope of externalizing symptoms. The covariates predicted 9% to 41% of the variance in the intercepts and slopes of all domains, suggesting they are important common risk factors. Overall, it appears that externalizing symptoms develop in parallel with both cognitive ability and internalizing symptoms from early childhood through to middle adolescence. Children on an increasing trajectory of externalizing symptoms are likely both increasing in internalizing symptoms and decreasing in cognitive skills as well, and are thus an important group to target for intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001330 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

The Comparison and Interdependence of Maternal and Paternal Influences on Young Children's Behavior and Resilience / Lars-Erik MALMBERG in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40-3 (May-June 2011)  

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The impact of structured activities among Palestinian children in a time of conflict / Maryanne LOUGHRY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

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The impact of the school-based Psychosocial Structured Activities (PSSA) program on conflict-affected children in northern Uganda / Alastair AGER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-11 (November 2011)  

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