Confusion and inconsistency in diagnosis of Asperger syndrome: a review of studies from 1981 to 2010 / Shilpi SHARMA in Autism, 16-5 (September 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 16-5 (September 2012) . - p.465-486 Titre : Confusion and inconsistency in diagnosis of Asperger syndrome: a review of studies from 1981 to 2010 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shilpi SHARMA, Auteur ; Lisa Marks WOOLFSON, Auteur ; Simon C. HUNTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.465-486 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome  high functioning autism  autism  diagnostic confusion  diagnostic debate  diagnostic status of Asperger Syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper presents a review of past and current research on the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome (AS) in children. It is suggested that the widely used criteria for diagnosing AS in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV are insufficient and invalid for a reliable diagnosis of AS. In addition, when these diagnostic criteria are applied, there is the potential bias of receiving a diagnosis towards the high-functioning end of the autism spectrum. Through a critical review of 69 research studies carried out between 1981 and 2010, this paper shows that six possible criteria for diagnosing AS (specifically, the age at which signs and symptoms related to autism become apparent, language and social communication abilities, intellectual abilities, motor or movement skills, repetitive patterns of behaviour and the nature of social interaction) overlap with the criteria for diagnosing autism. However, there is a possibility that some finer differences exist in the nature of social interaction, motor skills and speech patterns between groups with a diagnosis of AS and autism. These findings are proposed to be of relevance for designing intervention studies aimed at the treatment of specific symptoms in people with an autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311411935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182 [article] Confusion and inconsistency in diagnosis of Asperger syndrome: a review of studies from 1981 to 2010 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shilpi SHARMA, Auteur ; Lisa Marks WOOLFSON, Auteur ; Simon C. HUNTER, Auteur . - p.465-486. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 16-5 (September 2012) . - p.465-486 Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome  high functioning autism  autism  diagnostic confusion  diagnostic debate  diagnostic status of Asperger Syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper presents a review of past and current research on the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome (AS) in children. It is suggested that the widely used criteria for diagnosing AS in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV are insufficient and invalid for a reliable diagnosis of AS. In addition, when these diagnostic criteria are applied, there is the potential bias of receiving a diagnosis towards the high-functioning end of the autism spectrum. Through a critical review of 69 research studies carried out between 1981 and 2010, this paper shows that six possible criteria for diagnosing AS (specifically, the age at which signs and symptoms related to autism become apparent, language and social communication abilities, intellectual abilities, motor or movement skills, repetitive patterns of behaviour and the nature of social interaction) overlap with the criteria for diagnosing autism. However, there is a possibility that some finer differences exist in the nature of social interaction, motor skills and speech patterns between groups with a diagnosis of AS and autism. These findings are proposed to be of relevance for designing intervention studies aimed at the treatment of specific symptoms in people with an autism spectrum disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311411935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182

Maladaptive cognitive appraisals in children with high-functioning autism: Associations with fear, anxiety and theory of mind / Shilpi SHARMA in Autism, 18-3 (April 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 18-3 (April 2014) . - p.244-254 Titre : Maladaptive cognitive appraisals in children with high-functioning autism: Associations with fear, anxiety and theory of mind Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shilpi SHARMA, Auteur ; Lisa M. WOOLFSON, Auteur ; Simon C. HUNTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.244-254 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : appraisal  cognition  fear Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite the well-documented success of cognitive restructuring techniques in the treatment of anxiety disorders, there is still little clarity on which cognitions underpin fear and anxiety in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. This study examined whether certain cognitive appraisals, known to be associated with fear and anxiety in typically developing groups, may help explain these emotions in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. It also investigated relations between these cognitive appraisals and theory of mind. Appraisals, fear and anxiety were assessed using a vignette approach in 22 children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders and 22 typically developing children. The two groups differed significantly on all four appraisal types. Anxiety was negatively correlated with future expectancy and positively with problem-focused coping potential in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group but was not correlated with appraisals in the typically developing group. The two appraisals associated with fear were emotion-focused coping potential (in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group only) and self-accountability (in the typically developing group only). Linear regression analysis found that appraisals of emotion-focused coping potential, problem-focused coping potential and future expectancy were significant predictors of theory-of-mind ability in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorders group. These findings indicate that specific, problematic patterns of appraisal may characterise children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312472556 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229 [article] Maladaptive cognitive appraisals in children with high-functioning autism: Associations with fear, anxiety and theory of mind [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shilpi SHARMA, Auteur ; Lisa M. WOOLFSON, Auteur ; Simon C. HUNTER, Auteur . - p.244-254. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 18-3 (April 2014) . - p.244-254 Mots-clés : appraisal  cognition  fear Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite the well-documented success of cognitive restructuring techniques in the treatment of anxiety disorders, there is still little clarity on which cognitions underpin fear and anxiety in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. This study examined whether certain cognitive appraisals, known to be associated with fear and anxiety in typically developing groups, may help explain these emotions in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. It also investigated relations between these cognitive appraisals and theory of mind. Appraisals, fear and anxiety were assessed using a vignette approach in 22 children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders and 22 typically developing children. The two groups differed significantly on all four appraisal types. Anxiety was negatively correlated with future expectancy and positively with problem-focused coping potential in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group but was not correlated with appraisals in the typically developing group. The two appraisals associated with fear were emotion-focused coping potential (in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group only) and self-accountability (in the typically developing group only). Linear regression analysis found that appraisals of emotion-focused coping potential, problem-focused coping potential and future expectancy were significant predictors of theory-of-mind ability in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorders group. These findings indicate that specific, problematic patterns of appraisal may characterise children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312472556 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=229

Psychosocial mediators and moderators of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology / Simon C. HUNTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-10 (October 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1141-1149 Titre : Psychosocial mediators and moderators of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon C. HUNTER, Auteur ; Kevin DURKIN, Auteur ; Derek HEIM, Auteur ; Christine HOWE, Auteur ; Dermot BERGIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1141-1149 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Appraisal depression discrimination peer-victimization social-identity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Intervention strategies and developmental models of stress have been criticized for failing to integrate social psychological variables. This study investigates both self-referential cognitive mediators (perceived threat and control) and a social psychological moderator (ethnic/religious identity) of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology. Methods:  Self-report questionnaires were completed by 924 students (46% female), aged 8 to 12 years. Experiences of discriminatory and non-discriminatory peer-victimization, threat and control appraisals, depressive symptoms, and strength of main identity were assessed. Results:  Perceived threat partially mediated the effect of peer-victimization (regardless of whether it was discriminatory or not) on depressive symptoms. Perceived control partially mediated the effect of non-discriminatory peer-victimization on depressive symptoms. Strength of ethnic/religious identity buffered the effect of peer-victimization on depressive symptoms. Victimization perceived to be discriminatory in nature was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than non-discriminatory victimization. Conclusions:  Findings support calls for a greater emphasis to be placed on social psychological variables in explaining depressive symptomatology. For clinical, counseling and intervention purposes, it is important to examine whether victims perceive peer-victimization as discriminatory and whether their own strength of identity affects symptomatology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02253.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110 [article] Psychosocial mediators and moderators of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon C. HUNTER, Auteur ; Kevin DURKIN, Auteur ; Derek HEIM, Auteur ; Christine HOWE, Auteur ; Dermot BERGIN, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1141-1149. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-10 (October 2010) . - p.1141-1149 Mots-clés : Appraisal depression discrimination peer-victimization social-identity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Intervention strategies and developmental models of stress have been criticized for failing to integrate social psychological variables. This study investigates both self-referential cognitive mediators (perceived threat and control) and a social psychological moderator (ethnic/religious identity) of the effect of peer-victimization upon depressive symptomatology. Methods:  Self-report questionnaires were completed by 924 students (46% female), aged 8 to 12 years. Experiences of discriminatory and non-discriminatory peer-victimization, threat and control appraisals, depressive symptoms, and strength of main identity were assessed. Results:  Perceived threat partially mediated the effect of peer-victimization (regardless of whether it was discriminatory or not) on depressive symptoms. Perceived control partially mediated the effect of non-discriminatory peer-victimization on depressive symptoms. Strength of ethnic/religious identity buffered the effect of peer-victimization on depressive symptoms. Victimization perceived to be discriminatory in nature was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than non-discriminatory victimization. Conclusions:  Findings support calls for a greater emphasis to be placed on social psychological variables in explaining depressive symptomatology. For clinical, counseling and intervention purposes, it is important to examine whether victims perceive peer-victimization as discriminatory and whether their own strength of identity affects symptomatology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02253.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=110

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