Dépouillements

Issue Information in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.717-719 Titre : Issue Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.717-719 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1552 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Issue Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.717-719. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.717-719 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1552 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Keeping time in the brain: Autism spectrum disorder and audiovisual temporal processing / Ryan A. STEVENSON in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.720-738 Titre : Keeping time in the brain: Autism spectrum disorder and audiovisual temporal processing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ryan A. STEVENSON, Auteur ; Magali SEGERS, Auteur ; Susanne FERBER, Auteur ; Morgan D. BARENSE, Auteur ; Stephen M. CAMARATA, Auteur ; Mark T. WALLACE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.720-738 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : low-level perception  cognitive neuroscience  developmental psychology  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing area of interest and relevance in the study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) focuses on the relationship between multisensory temporal function and the behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive impairments observed in ASD. Atypical sensory processing is becoming increasingly recognized as a core component of autism, with evidence of atypical processing across a number of sensory modalities. These deviations from typical processing underscore the value of interpreting ASD within a multisensory framework. Furthermore, converging evidence illustrates that these differences in audiovisual processing may be specifically related to temporal processing. This review seeks to bridge the connection between temporal processing and audiovisual perception, and to elaborate on emerging data showing differences in audiovisual temporal function in autism. We also discuss the consequence of such changes, the specific impact on the processing of different classes of audiovisual stimuli (e.g. speech vs. nonspeech, etc.), and the presumptive brain processes and networks underlying audiovisual temporal integration. Finally, possible downstream behavioral implications, and possible remediation strategies are outlined. Autism Res 2016, 9: 720–738. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Keeping time in the brain: Autism spectrum disorder and audiovisual temporal processing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ryan A. STEVENSON, Auteur ; Magali SEGERS, Auteur ; Susanne FERBER, Auteur ; Morgan D. BARENSE, Auteur ; Stephen M. CAMARATA, Auteur ; Mark T. WALLACE, Auteur . - p.720-738. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.720-738 Mots-clés : low-level perception  cognitive neuroscience  developmental psychology  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A growing area of interest and relevance in the study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) focuses on the relationship between multisensory temporal function and the behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive impairments observed in ASD. Atypical sensory processing is becoming increasingly recognized as a core component of autism, with evidence of atypical processing across a number of sensory modalities. These deviations from typical processing underscore the value of interpreting ASD within a multisensory framework. Furthermore, converging evidence illustrates that these differences in audiovisual processing may be specifically related to temporal processing. This review seeks to bridge the connection between temporal processing and audiovisual perception, and to elaborate on emerging data showing differences in audiovisual temporal function in autism. We also discuss the consequence of such changes, the specific impact on the processing of different classes of audiovisual stimuli (e.g. speech vs. nonspeech, etc.), and the presumptive brain processes and networks underlying audiovisual temporal integration. Finally, possible downstream behavioral implications, and possible remediation strategies are outlined. Autism Res 2016, 9: 720–738. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / Josef M. UNTERRAINER in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.739-751 Titre : Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Josef M. UNTERRAINER, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur ; Benjamin RAHM, Auteur ; Jochen HARDT, Auteur ; Christoph P. KALLER, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur ; Mirjam PASCHKE-MÜLLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.739-751 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  ADHD  cognitive development  Tower of London  planning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Planning impairment is often observed in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but attempts to differentiate planning in ASD from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children (TD) have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined differences between these groups by focusing on development and analyzing performance in searching ahead several steps (“search depth”) in addition to commonly used global performance measures in planning. A cross-sectional consecutive sample of 83 male patients (6–13 years), subgrouped as ASD without (ASD?, n?=?18) or with comorbid ADHD (ASD+, n?=?23), ADHD only (n?=?42) and n?=?42 TD children (6–13 years) were tested with the Tower-of-London-task. For global performance, ASD+ showed the lowest accuracy in younger children, but similar performance as TD at older ages, suggesting delayed development. Typically, a prolongation of planning time with increasing problem difficulty is observed in older children as compared to younger children. Here, this was most pronounced in ASD?, but under-expressed in ADHD. In contrast to global performance, effects of search depth were independent of age. ASD?, but not ASD+, showed increased susceptibility to raised demands on mentally searching ahead, along with the longest planning times. Thus, examining both global and search depth performance across ages revealed discernible patterns of planning between groups. Notably, the potentially detrimental impact of two diagnosed disorders does not add up in ASD+ in this task. Rather, our results suggest paradoxical enhancement of performance, ostensibly attributable to disruption of behavioral rigidity through increased impulsivity, which did not take place in ASD?. Autism Res 2016, 9: 739–751. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1574 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Josef M. UNTERRAINER, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur ; Benjamin RAHM, Auteur ; Jochen HARDT, Auteur ; Christoph P. KALLER, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur ; Mirjam PASCHKE-MÜLLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur . - p.739-751. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.739-751 Mots-clés : autism  ADHD  cognitive development  Tower of London  planning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Planning impairment is often observed in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but attempts to differentiate planning in ASD from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children (TD) have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined differences between these groups by focusing on development and analyzing performance in searching ahead several steps (“search depth”) in addition to commonly used global performance measures in planning. A cross-sectional consecutive sample of 83 male patients (6–13 years), subgrouped as ASD without (ASD?, n?=?18) or with comorbid ADHD (ASD+, n?=?23), ADHD only (n?=?42) and n?=?42 TD children (6–13 years) were tested with the Tower-of-London-task. For global performance, ASD+ showed the lowest accuracy in younger children, but similar performance as TD at older ages, suggesting delayed development. Typically, a prolongation of planning time with increasing problem difficulty is observed in older children as compared to younger children. Here, this was most pronounced in ASD?, but under-expressed in ADHD. In contrast to global performance, effects of search depth were independent of age. ASD?, but not ASD+, showed increased susceptibility to raised demands on mentally searching ahead, along with the longest planning times. Thus, examining both global and search depth performance across ages revealed discernible patterns of planning between groups. Notably, the potentially detrimental impact of two diagnosed disorders does not add up in ASD+ in this task. Rather, our results suggest paradoxical enhancement of performance, ostensibly attributable to disruption of behavioral rigidity through increased impulsivity, which did not take place in ASD?. Autism Res 2016, 9: 739–751. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1574 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children / Stefano GABRIELE in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.752-759 Titre : Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stefano GABRIELE, Auteur ; Roberto SACCO, Auteur ; Laura ALTIERI, Auteur ; Cristina NERI, Auteur ; Andrea URBANI, Auteur ; Carmela BRAVACCIO, Auteur ; Maria Pia RICCIO, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria IOVENE, Auteur ; Francesca BOMBACE, Auteur ; Laura DE MAGISTRIS, Auteur ; Antonio M. PERSICO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.752-759 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  biomarker  constipation  gut  intestinal transit  organic contaminants  neurotoxicity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The uremic toxin p-cresol (4-methylphenol) is either of environmental origin or can be synthetized from tyrosine by cresol-producing bacteria present in the gut lumen. Elevated p-cresol amounts have been previously found in the urines of Italian and French autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children up until 8 years of age, and may be associated with autism severity or with the intensity of abnormal behaviors. This study aims to investigate the mechanism producing elevated urinary p-cresol in ASD. Urinary p-cresol levels were thus measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a sample of 53 Italian ASD children assessed for (a) presence of Clostridium spp. strains in the gut by means of an in vitro fecal stool test and of Clostridium difficile-derived toxin A/B in the feces, (b) intestinal permeability using the lactulose/mannitol (LA/MA) test, (c) frequent use of antibiotics due to recurrent infections during the first 2 years of postnatal life, and (d) stool habits with the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Chronic constipation was the only variable significantly associated with total urinary p-cresol concentration (P < 0.05). No association was found with presence of Clostridium spp. in the gut flora (P?=?0.92), augmented intestinal permeability (P?=?0.18), or frequent use of antibiotics in early infancy (P?=?0.47). No ASD child was found to carry C. difficile in the gut or to release toxin A/B in the feces. In conclusion, urinary p-cresol levels are elevated in young ASD children with increased intestinal transit time and chronic constipation. Autism Res 2016, 9: 752–759. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stefano GABRIELE, Auteur ; Roberto SACCO, Auteur ; Laura ALTIERI, Auteur ; Cristina NERI, Auteur ; Andrea URBANI, Auteur ; Carmela BRAVACCIO, Auteur ; Maria Pia RICCIO, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria IOVENE, Auteur ; Francesca BOMBACE, Auteur ; Laura DE MAGISTRIS, Auteur ; Antonio M. PERSICO, Auteur . - p.752-759. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.752-759 Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  biomarker  constipation  gut  intestinal transit  organic contaminants  neurotoxicity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The uremic toxin p-cresol (4-methylphenol) is either of environmental origin or can be synthetized from tyrosine by cresol-producing bacteria present in the gut lumen. Elevated p-cresol amounts have been previously found in the urines of Italian and French autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children up until 8 years of age, and may be associated with autism severity or with the intensity of abnormal behaviors. This study aims to investigate the mechanism producing elevated urinary p-cresol in ASD. Urinary p-cresol levels were thus measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a sample of 53 Italian ASD children assessed for (a) presence of Clostridium spp. strains in the gut by means of an in vitro fecal stool test and of Clostridium difficile-derived toxin A/B in the feces, (b) intestinal permeability using the lactulose/mannitol (LA/MA) test, (c) frequent use of antibiotics due to recurrent infections during the first 2 years of postnatal life, and (d) stool habits with the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Chronic constipation was the only variable significantly associated with total urinary p-cresol concentration (P < 0.05). No association was found with presence of Clostridium spp. in the gut flora (P?=?0.92), augmented intestinal permeability (P?=?0.18), or frequent use of antibiotics in early infancy (P?=?0.47). No ASD child was found to carry C. difficile in the gut or to release toxin A/B in the feces. In conclusion, urinary p-cresol levels are elevated in young ASD children with increased intestinal transit time and chronic constipation. Autism Res 2016, 9: 752–759. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Subregional differences in intrinsic amygdala hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity in autism spectrum disorder / Natalia M. KLEINHANS in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.760-772 Titre : Subregional differences in intrinsic amygdala hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natalia M. KLEINHANS, Auteur ; Maya A. REITER, Auteur ; Emily NEUHAUS, Auteur ; Greg PAULEY, Auteur ; Nathalie MARTIN, Auteur ; Stephen R. DAGER, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.760-772 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  amygdala  resting state fMRI  laterobasal  superficial  centromedial  depression  anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The amygdala is a complex structure with distinct subregions and dissociable functional networks. The laterobasal subregion of the amygdala is hypothesized to mediate the presentation and severity of autism symptoms, although very little data are available regarding amygdala dysfunction at the subregional level. In this study, we investigated the relationship between abnormal amygdalar intrinsic connectivity, autism symptom severity, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. We collected resting state fMRI data on 31 high functioning adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder and 38 typically developing (TD) controls aged 14–45. Twenty-five participants with ASD and 28 TD participants were included in the final analyses. ASD participants were administered the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Adult participants were administered the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Functional connectivity analyses were conducted from three amygdalar subregions: centromedial (CM), laterobasal (LB) and superficial (SF). In addition, correlations with the behavioral measures were tested in the adult participants. In general, the ASD group showed significantly decreased connectivity from the LB subregion and increased connectivity from the CM and SF subregions compared to the TD group. We found evidence that social symptoms are primarily associated with under-connectivity from the LB subregion whereas over-connectivity and under-connectivity from the CM, SF and LB subregions are related to co-morbid depression and anxiety in ASD, in brain regions that were distinct from those associated with social dysfunction, and in different patterns than were observed in mildly symptomatic TD participants. Our findings provide new evidence for functional subregional differences in amygdala pathophysiology in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 760–772. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1589 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Subregional differences in intrinsic amygdala hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natalia M. KLEINHANS, Auteur ; Maya A. REITER, Auteur ; Emily NEUHAUS, Auteur ; Greg PAULEY, Auteur ; Nathalie MARTIN, Auteur ; Stephen R. DAGER, Auteur ; Annette ESTES, Auteur . - p.760-772. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.760-772 Mots-clés : autism  amygdala  resting state fMRI  laterobasal  superficial  centromedial  depression  anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The amygdala is a complex structure with distinct subregions and dissociable functional networks. The laterobasal subregion of the amygdala is hypothesized to mediate the presentation and severity of autism symptoms, although very little data are available regarding amygdala dysfunction at the subregional level. In this study, we investigated the relationship between abnormal amygdalar intrinsic connectivity, autism symptom severity, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. We collected resting state fMRI data on 31 high functioning adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder and 38 typically developing (TD) controls aged 14–45. Twenty-five participants with ASD and 28 TD participants were included in the final analyses. ASD participants were administered the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Adult participants were administered the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Functional connectivity analyses were conducted from three amygdalar subregions: centromedial (CM), laterobasal (LB) and superficial (SF). In addition, correlations with the behavioral measures were tested in the adult participants. In general, the ASD group showed significantly decreased connectivity from the LB subregion and increased connectivity from the CM and SF subregions compared to the TD group. We found evidence that social symptoms are primarily associated with under-connectivity from the LB subregion whereas over-connectivity and under-connectivity from the CM, SF and LB subregions are related to co-morbid depression and anxiety in ASD, in brain regions that were distinct from those associated with social dysfunction, and in different patterns than were observed in mildly symptomatic TD participants. Our findings provide new evidence for functional subregional differences in amygdala pathophysiology in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 760–772. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1589 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Alexithymia in children with and without autism spectrum disorders / Cáit GRIFFIN in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.773-780 Titre : Alexithymia in children with and without autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cáit GRIFFIN, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.773-780 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  alexithymia  parent-report  self-report  autistic traits  children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alexithymia refers to pronounced difficulty in identifying and describing one's own emotions and is associated with an externally oriented focus of thinking. Alexithymia is known to be much more common in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared with the typically developing (TD) adult population. However, we know very little about alexithymia in young children with ASD and advancing our understanding of this topic may be of critical clinical and translational importance. Here, we present the first study to examine alexithymia in children with ASD. We find that alexithymia is substantially elevated in ASD on both self- and parent-report measures. Despite both measures being sensitive to on-average group differentiation, we find no evidence of correlation between such measures, indicating that children and their parents may be using different sources of information. Parent-rated alexithymia is also associated with increasing levels of autistic traits. Discrepancy between self and other alexithymia ratings are also associated with autistic traits, but only in ASD. These results underscore the idea that assessing alexithymia in ASD at younger ages may help identify important subgroups that have particular difficulties in the domain of emotion processing. Autism Res 2016, 9: 773–780. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Alexithymia in children with and without autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cáit GRIFFIN, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur . - p.773-780. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.773-780 Mots-clés : autism  alexithymia  parent-report  self-report  autistic traits  children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alexithymia refers to pronounced difficulty in identifying and describing one's own emotions and is associated with an externally oriented focus of thinking. Alexithymia is known to be much more common in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared with the typically developing (TD) adult population. However, we know very little about alexithymia in young children with ASD and advancing our understanding of this topic may be of critical clinical and translational importance. Here, we present the first study to examine alexithymia in children with ASD. We find that alexithymia is substantially elevated in ASD on both self- and parent-report measures. Despite both measures being sensitive to on-average group differentiation, we find no evidence of correlation between such measures, indicating that children and their parents may be using different sources of information. Parent-rated alexithymia is also associated with increasing levels of autistic traits. Discrepancy between self and other alexithymia ratings are also associated with autistic traits, but only in ASD. These results underscore the idea that assessing alexithymia in ASD at younger ages may help identify important subgroups that have particular difficulties in the domain of emotion processing. Autism Res 2016, 9: 773–780. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Spontaneous Facial Mimicry is Modulated by Joint Attention and Autistic Traits / Janina NEUFELD in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.781-789 Titre : Spontaneous Facial Mimicry is Modulated by Joint Attention and Autistic Traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Christina IOANNOU, Auteur ; Sebastian KORB, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.781-789 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : joint attention  spontaneous facial mimicry  empathy  gaze-based social interaction  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Joint attention (JA) and spontaneous facial mimicry (SFM) are fundamental processes in social interactions, and they are closely related to empathic abilities. When tested independently, both of these processes have been usually observed to be atypical in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). However, it is not known how these processes interact with each other in relation to autistic traits. This study addresses this question by testing the impact of JA on SFM of happy faces using a truly interactive paradigm. Sixty-two neurotypical participants engaged in gaze-based social interaction with an anthropomorphic, gaze-contingent virtual agent. The agent either established JA by initiating eye contact or looked away, before looking at an object and expressing happiness or disgust. Eye tracking was used to make the agent's gaze behavior and facial actions contingent to the participants' gaze. SFM of happy expressions was measured by Electromyography (EMG) recording over the Zygomaticus Major muscle. Results showed that JA augments SFM in individuals with low compared with high autistic traits. These findings are in line with reports of reduced impact of JA on action imitation in individuals with ASC. Moreover, they suggest that investigating atypical interactions between empathic processes, instead of testing these processes individually, might be crucial to understanding the nature of social deficits in autism. Autism Res 2016, 9: 781–789. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Spontaneous Facial Mimicry is Modulated by Joint Attention and Autistic Traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Janina NEUFELD, Auteur ; Christina IOANNOU, Auteur ; Sebastian KORB, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.781-789. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.781-789 Mots-clés : joint attention  spontaneous facial mimicry  empathy  gaze-based social interaction  autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Joint attention (JA) and spontaneous facial mimicry (SFM) are fundamental processes in social interactions, and they are closely related to empathic abilities. When tested independently, both of these processes have been usually observed to be atypical in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). However, it is not known how these processes interact with each other in relation to autistic traits. This study addresses this question by testing the impact of JA on SFM of happy faces using a truly interactive paradigm. Sixty-two neurotypical participants engaged in gaze-based social interaction with an anthropomorphic, gaze-contingent virtual agent. The agent either established JA by initiating eye contact or looked away, before looking at an object and expressing happiness or disgust. Eye tracking was used to make the agent's gaze behavior and facial actions contingent to the participants' gaze. SFM of happy expressions was measured by Electromyography (EMG) recording over the Zygomaticus Major muscle. Results showed that JA augments SFM in individuals with low compared with high autistic traits. These findings are in line with reports of reduced impact of JA on action imitation in individuals with ASC. Moreover, they suggest that investigating atypical interactions between empathic processes, instead of testing these processes individually, might be crucial to understanding the nature of social deficits in autism. Autism Res 2016, 9: 781–789. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Stability of diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder between 18 and 36 months in a high-risk cohort / Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.790-800 Titre : Stability of diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder between 18 and 36 months in a high-risk cohort Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; Jessica BRIAN, Auteur ; Isabel M. SMITH, Auteur ; Wendy ROBERTS, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; Caroline RONCADIN, Auteur ; Nancy GARON, Auteur ; Tracy VAILLANCOURT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.790-800 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  early diagnosis  early identification  infants  longitudinal study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are diagnosed, on average, around the age of 4 years. However, previous research has shown that the diagnosis can be made as early as 2 years, and that if the child is seen a year or more later, it is highly likely that the diagnosis will be confirmed. In this study, to examine whether diagnoses made as early as 18 months of age are also “stable,” we followed a group of younger siblings of children with ASD (who are known to be at higher risk). We also examined whether the age of ASD diagnosis within this high-risk group was related to the severity of children's ASD symptoms or developmental delays. Participants (n?=?381) were seen at three ages: 18 months, 24 months, and 3 years. ASD symptoms, general development, and adaptive functioning were assessed at each time point. Twenty-three children were diagnosed with ASD at 18 months and a total of 61 at 24 months. Of these diagnoses, 19/23 (82.6%) and 56/61 (91.8%), respectively, were confirmed independently at 3 years. However, 45 children were diagnosed with ASD at 3 years who had not been identified at earlier visits. Children diagnosed at 18 months, in comparison to those diagnosed at 24 months, had less advanced language and adaptive skills at 18 months. Children not diagnosed with ASD until 3 years, compared with those diagnosed earlier, had more advanced language and adaptive skills, and milder ASD symptoms. Autism Res 2016, 9: 790–800. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1585 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Stability of diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder between 18 and 36 months in a high-risk cohort [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; Jessica BRIAN, Auteur ; Isabel M. SMITH, Auteur ; Wendy ROBERTS, Auteur ; Peter SZATMARI, Auteur ; Caroline RONCADIN, Auteur ; Nancy GARON, Auteur ; Tracy VAILLANCOURT, Auteur . - p.790-800. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.790-800 Mots-clés : autism  early diagnosis  early identification  infants  longitudinal study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are diagnosed, on average, around the age of 4 years. However, previous research has shown that the diagnosis can be made as early as 2 years, and that if the child is seen a year or more later, it is highly likely that the diagnosis will be confirmed. In this study, to examine whether diagnoses made as early as 18 months of age are also “stable,” we followed a group of younger siblings of children with ASD (who are known to be at higher risk). We also examined whether the age of ASD diagnosis within this high-risk group was related to the severity of children's ASD symptoms or developmental delays. Participants (n?=?381) were seen at three ages: 18 months, 24 months, and 3 years. ASD symptoms, general development, and adaptive functioning were assessed at each time point. Twenty-three children were diagnosed with ASD at 18 months and a total of 61 at 24 months. Of these diagnoses, 19/23 (82.6%) and 56/61 (91.8%), respectively, were confirmed independently at 3 years. However, 45 children were diagnosed with ASD at 3 years who had not been identified at earlier visits. Children diagnosed at 18 months, in comparison to those diagnosed at 24 months, had less advanced language and adaptive skills at 18 months. Children not diagnosed with ASD until 3 years, compared with those diagnosed earlier, had more advanced language and adaptive skills, and milder ASD symptoms. Autism Res 2016, 9: 790–800. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1585 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.801-803 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.801-803 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1672 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.801-803. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.801-803 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1672 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Reflections on the 2016 International Meeting for Autism Research in Baltimore in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.804-805 Titre : Reflections on the 2016 International Meeting for Autism Research in Baltimore Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.804-805 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Reflections on the 2016 International Meeting for Autism Research in Baltimore [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.804-805. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.804-805 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1673 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292