Dépouillements

Atomoxetine for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis / S. PATRA in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.542-552 Titre : Atomoxetine for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. PATRA, Auteur ; N. NEBHINANI, Auteur ; A. VISWANATHAN, Auteur ; R. KIRUBAKARAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.542-552 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : atomoxetine  attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism  meta-analysis  pervasive developmental disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atomoxetine is prescribed to children with autism spectrum disorder having symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We sought to examine the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in this population. After screening for inclusion criteria, we identified three randomized placebo controlled trials involving 241 children. We assessed internal validity using standard Cochrane Risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used Revman 5.3 for meta-analysis and GRADE approach to create summary of findings with grading of the quality of evidence. Atomoxetine had a benefit on improving parent-rated hyperactivity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.73, 95% Confidence Interval, CI = -1.15 to -0.34) and parent-rated inattention (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI = -0.93 to -0.12) but the magnitude of effects is uncertain. However, atomoxetine was also associated with increased risk of non-serious adverse effects like nausea and vomiting, decreased sleep, and decreased appetite. Atomoxetine may be effective in improving hyperactivity and inattention in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, we are uncertain about the true effect of this intervention and need more RCTs trials designed to evaluate this. Autism Research 2019, 12: 542-552. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Atomoxetine is prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). About a third of children and adolescents with autism also suffer from ADHD. We carried out an analysis of data reported from a specific kind of medication trials which had examined the effectiveness and side effects of atomoxetine in this patient population. We could find only three such trials and analyzed the reported data. Our analysis revealed that atomoxetine is effective in improving symptoms of ADHD like hyperactivity and inattention and also causes side effects like nausea, vomiting, decreased sleep, and decreased appetite. However, the existing data are insufficient to provide a conclusive statement with certainty and more trials are needed for this. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2059 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388 [article] Atomoxetine for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. PATRA, Auteur ; N. NEBHINANI, Auteur ; A. VISWANATHAN, Auteur ; R. KIRUBAKARAN, Auteur . - p.542-552. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.542-552 Mots-clés : atomoxetine  attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder  autism  meta-analysis  pervasive developmental disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atomoxetine is prescribed to children with autism spectrum disorder having symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We sought to examine the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in this population. After screening for inclusion criteria, we identified three randomized placebo controlled trials involving 241 children. We assessed internal validity using standard Cochrane Risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used Revman 5.3 for meta-analysis and GRADE approach to create summary of findings with grading of the quality of evidence. Atomoxetine had a benefit on improving parent-rated hyperactivity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.73, 95% Confidence Interval, CI = -1.15 to -0.34) and parent-rated inattention (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI = -0.93 to -0.12) but the magnitude of effects is uncertain. However, atomoxetine was also associated with increased risk of non-serious adverse effects like nausea and vomiting, decreased sleep, and decreased appetite. Atomoxetine may be effective in improving hyperactivity and inattention in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, we are uncertain about the true effect of this intervention and need more RCTs trials designed to evaluate this. Autism Research 2019, 12: 542-552. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Atomoxetine is prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). About a third of children and adolescents with autism also suffer from ADHD. We carried out an analysis of data reported from a specific kind of medication trials which had examined the effectiveness and side effects of atomoxetine in this patient population. We could find only three such trials and analyzed the reported data. Our analysis revealed that atomoxetine is effective in improving symptoms of ADHD like hyperactivity and inattention and also causes side effects like nausea, vomiting, decreased sleep, and decreased appetite. However, the existing data are insufficient to provide a conclusive statement with certainty and more trials are needed for this. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2059 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388

Association between CNTNAP2 polymorphisms and autism: A family-based study in the chinese han population and a meta-analysis combined with GWAS data of psychiatric genomics consortium / T. ZHANG in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.553-561 Titre : Association between CNTNAP2 polymorphisms and autism: A family-based study in the chinese han population and a meta-analysis combined with GWAS data of psychiatric genomics consortium Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. ZHANG, Auteur ; J. ZHANG, Auteur ; Z. WANG, Auteur ; M. JIA, Auteur ; T. LU, Auteur ; H. WANG, Auteur ; W. YUE, Auteur ; D. ZHANG, Auteur ; J. LI, Auteur ; L. WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.553-561 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cntnap2  Pgc  autism  meta-analysis  polymorphism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder with evidence of a strong genetic component in the complex etiologies. Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2), a member of the neurexin superfamily, plays an essential role in neural development. CNTNAP2 was considered as one of the most susceptible genes for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some studies indicated the association of CNTNAP2 with ASD, while others reported no association. Given the inconsistent results of the previous studies, we performed a family-based association study between 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CNTNAP2 and autism in 640 autistic trios in the Chinese Han population. Then, an updated meta-analysis, combined with the data from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (iPSYCH-PGC ASD, 2017) and available association studies, was conducted. No SNPs were significantly associated with autism in the Chinese Han population. In the meta-analysis, the two frequently reported SNPs (rs2710102 and rs7794745) showed no significant association with ASD. Therefore, CNTNAP2 polymorphisms might not be associated with autism. Autism Research 2019, 12: 553-561. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In present family-based association study, no single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with autism in the Chinese Han population. In the updated meta-analysis, the association between the two frequently reported SNPs (rs2710102 and rs7794745) in CNTNAP2 and the risk of ASD was explored. However, the results showed no significant association. Therefore, our study suggested that CNTNAP2 polymorphisms might not be associated with autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2078 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388 [article] Association between CNTNAP2 polymorphisms and autism: A family-based study in the chinese han population and a meta-analysis combined with GWAS data of psychiatric genomics consortium [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. ZHANG, Auteur ; J. ZHANG, Auteur ; Z. WANG, Auteur ; M. JIA, Auteur ; T. LU, Auteur ; H. WANG, Auteur ; W. YUE, Auteur ; D. ZHANG, Auteur ; J. LI, Auteur ; L. WANG, Auteur . - p.553-561. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.553-561 Mots-clés : Cntnap2  Pgc  autism  meta-analysis  polymorphism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder with evidence of a strong genetic component in the complex etiologies. Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2), a member of the neurexin superfamily, plays an essential role in neural development. CNTNAP2 was considered as one of the most susceptible genes for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some studies indicated the association of CNTNAP2 with ASD, while others reported no association. Given the inconsistent results of the previous studies, we performed a family-based association study between 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CNTNAP2 and autism in 640 autistic trios in the Chinese Han population. Then, an updated meta-analysis, combined with the data from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (iPSYCH-PGC ASD, 2017) and available association studies, was conducted. No SNPs were significantly associated with autism in the Chinese Han population. In the meta-analysis, the two frequently reported SNPs (rs2710102 and rs7794745) showed no significant association with ASD. Therefore, CNTNAP2 polymorphisms might not be associated with autism. Autism Research 2019, 12: 553-561. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In present family-based association study, no single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with autism in the Chinese Han population. In the updated meta-analysis, the association between the two frequently reported SNPs (rs2710102 and rs7794745) in CNTNAP2 and the risk of ASD was explored. However, the results showed no significant association. Therefore, our study suggested that CNTNAP2 polymorphisms might not be associated with autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2078 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388

Tactile hypersensitivity and GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with autism / L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.562-575 Titre : Tactile hypersensitivity and GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; F. LAMBERTON, Auteur ; Sandrine SONIE, Auteur ; J. MATTOUT, Auteur ; C. SCHMITZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.562-575 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  gamma-aminobutyric acid  hypersensitivity  magnetic resonance spectroscopy  somatosensory cortex  touch Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensory hypersensitivity is frequently encountered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been hypothesized to play a role in tactile hypersensitivity. The aim of the present study was twofold. First, as a study showed that children with ASD have decreased GABA concentrations in the sensorimotor cortex, we aimed at determining whether the GABA reduction remained in adults with ASD. For this purpose, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of neurotypical adults (n = 19) and ASD adults (n = 18). Second, we aimed at characterizing correlations between GABA concentration and tactile hypersensitivity in ASD. GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with ASD was lower than in neurotypical adults (decrease by 17%). Interestingly, GABA concentrations were positively correlated with self-reported tactile hypersensitivity in adults with ASD (r = 0.50, P = 0.01), but not in neurotypical adults. In addition, GABA concentrations were negatively correlated with the intra-individual variation during threshold measurement, both in neurotypical adults (r = -0.47, P = 0.04) and in adults with ASD (r = -0.59, P = 0.01). In other words, in both groups, the higher the GABA level, the more precise the tactile sensation. These results highlight the key role of GABA in tactile sensitivity, and suggest that atypical GABA modulation contributes to tactile hypersensitivity in ASD. We discuss the hypothesis that hypersensitivity in ASD could be due to suboptimal predictions about sensations. Autism Research 2019, 12: 562-575. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience tactile hypersensitivity. Here, our goal was to highlight a link between tactile hypersensitivity and the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) in the brain of adults with ASD. Indeed, self-reported hypersensitivity correlated with reduced GABA levels in brain areas processing touch. Our study suggests that this neurotransmitter may play a key role in tactile hypersensitivity in autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2073 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388 [article] Tactile hypersensitivity and GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. A. SAPEY-TRIOMPHE, Auteur ; F. LAMBERTON, Auteur ; Sandrine SONIE, Auteur ; J. MATTOUT, Auteur ; C. SCHMITZ, Auteur . - p.562-575. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.562-575 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  gamma-aminobutyric acid  hypersensitivity  magnetic resonance spectroscopy  somatosensory cortex  touch Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sensory hypersensitivity is frequently encountered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been hypothesized to play a role in tactile hypersensitivity. The aim of the present study was twofold. First, as a study showed that children with ASD have decreased GABA concentrations in the sensorimotor cortex, we aimed at determining whether the GABA reduction remained in adults with ASD. For this purpose, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of neurotypical adults (n = 19) and ASD adults (n = 18). Second, we aimed at characterizing correlations between GABA concentration and tactile hypersensitivity in ASD. GABA concentration in the sensorimotor cortex of adults with ASD was lower than in neurotypical adults (decrease by 17%). Interestingly, GABA concentrations were positively correlated with self-reported tactile hypersensitivity in adults with ASD (r = 0.50, P = 0.01), but not in neurotypical adults. In addition, GABA concentrations were negatively correlated with the intra-individual variation during threshold measurement, both in neurotypical adults (r = -0.47, P = 0.04) and in adults with ASD (r = -0.59, P = 0.01). In other words, in both groups, the higher the GABA level, the more precise the tactile sensation. These results highlight the key role of GABA in tactile sensitivity, and suggest that atypical GABA modulation contributes to tactile hypersensitivity in ASD. We discuss the hypothesis that hypersensitivity in ASD could be due to suboptimal predictions about sensations. Autism Research 2019, 12: 562-575. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience tactile hypersensitivity. Here, our goal was to highlight a link between tactile hypersensitivity and the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) in the brain of adults with ASD. Indeed, self-reported hypersensitivity correlated with reduced GABA levels in brain areas processing touch. Our study suggests that this neurotransmitter may play a key role in tactile hypersensitivity in autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2073 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388

Oral probiotic administration during pregnancy prevents autism-related behaviors in offspring induced by maternal immune activation via anti-inflammation in mice / X. WANG in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.576-588 Titre : Oral probiotic administration during pregnancy prevents autism-related behaviors in offspring induced by maternal immune activation via anti-inflammation in mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : X. WANG, Auteur ; J. YANG, Auteur ; H. ZHANG, Auteur ; J. YU, Auteur ; Z. YAO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.576-588 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : anti-inflammation  autism spectrum disorders  interleukin 17a  interleukin 6  maternal immune activation  probiotics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Maternal immune activation (MIA) is associated with an increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. Animal experiments have found that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-17a are key cytokines in the induction of ASD by MIA. Moreover, probiotics were verified to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we investigated whether the administration of oral probiotics during pregnancy might protect the offspring that have suffered MIA from developing ASD. Probiotics were orally administered to pregnant mice with/without the simultaneous administration of Poly(I:C). We found that oral probiotics prevented the ASD-like behaviors induced by MIA in offspring. Furthermore, oral probiotics prevented the MIA-induced increases in the IL-6 and IL-17a levels in both maternal serum and fetal brains, parvalbumin positive (PV(+) ) neuron loss, and the decrease in the gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the prefrontal cortex of adult offspring. This work suggests that administering oral probiotics during pregnancy may help decrease the risk of ASD following MIA during pregnancy. Autism Res 2019, 12: 576-588. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-17a are key cytokines in the maternal immune activation (MIA)-induced autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on emerging evidence that probiotics can inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines, we found that oral probiotics prevented MIA-induced ASD-like behaviors in offspring. This work suggested that oral probiotics during pregnancy may be an effective means for decreasing the incidence of ASD in offspring. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2079 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388 [article] Oral probiotic administration during pregnancy prevents autism-related behaviors in offspring induced by maternal immune activation via anti-inflammation in mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / X. WANG, Auteur ; J. YANG, Auteur ; H. ZHANG, Auteur ; J. YU, Auteur ; Z. YAO, Auteur . - p.576-588. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.576-588 Mots-clés : anti-inflammation  autism spectrum disorders  interleukin 17a  interleukin 6  maternal immune activation  probiotics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Maternal immune activation (MIA) is associated with an increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. Animal experiments have found that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-17a are key cytokines in the induction of ASD by MIA. Moreover, probiotics were verified to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we investigated whether the administration of oral probiotics during pregnancy might protect the offspring that have suffered MIA from developing ASD. Probiotics were orally administered to pregnant mice with/without the simultaneous administration of Poly(I:C). We found that oral probiotics prevented the ASD-like behaviors induced by MIA in offspring. Furthermore, oral probiotics prevented the MIA-induced increases in the IL-6 and IL-17a levels in both maternal serum and fetal brains, parvalbumin positive (PV(+) ) neuron loss, and the decrease in the gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the prefrontal cortex of adult offspring. This work suggests that administering oral probiotics during pregnancy may help decrease the risk of ASD following MIA during pregnancy. Autism Res 2019, 12: 576-588. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-17a are key cytokines in the maternal immune activation (MIA)-induced autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on emerging evidence that probiotics can inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines, we found that oral probiotics prevented MIA-induced ASD-like behaviors in offspring. This work suggested that oral probiotics during pregnancy may be an effective means for decreasing the incidence of ASD in offspring. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2079 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388

Electrophysiological alterations in motor-auditory predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder / T. VAN LAARHOVEN in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.589-599 Titre : Electrophysiological alterations in motor-auditory predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. VAN LAARHOVEN, Auteur ; J. J. STEKELENBURG, Auteur ; Mljm EUSSEN, Auteur ; J. VROOMEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.589-599 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ERPs  autism spectrum disorder  motor-auditory  predictive coding Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The amplitude of the auditory N1 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is typically attenuated for self-initiated sounds, compared to sounds with identical acoustic and temporal features that are triggered externally. This effect has been ascribed to internal forward models predicting the sensory consequences of one's own motor actions. The predictive coding account of autistic symptomatology states that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties anticipating upcoming sensory stimulation due to a decreased ability to infer the probabilistic structure of their environment. Without precise internal forward prediction models to rely on, perception in ASD could be less affected by prior expectations and more driven by sensory input. Following this reasoning, one would expect diminished attenuation of the auditory N1 due to self-initiation in individuals with ASD. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the neural response to self- versus externally-initiated tones between a group of individuals with ASD and a group of age matched neurotypical controls. ERPs evoked by tones initiated via button-presses were compared with ERPs evoked by the same tones replayed at identical pace. Significant N1 attenuation effects were only found in the TD group. Self-initiation of the tones did not attenuate the auditory N1 in the ASD group, indicating that they may be unable to anticipate the auditory sensory consequences of their own motor actions. These results show that individuals with ASD have alterations in sensory attenuation of self-initiated sounds, and support the notion of impaired predictive coding as a core deficit underlying autistic symptomatology. Autism Res 2019, 12: 589-599. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Many individuals with ASD experience difficulties in processing sensory information (for example, increased sensitivity to sound). Here we show that these difficulties may be related to an inability to anticipate upcoming sensory stimulation. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the different sensory perception experienced by individuals with ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2087 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388 [article] Electrophysiological alterations in motor-auditory predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. VAN LAARHOVEN, Auteur ; J. J. STEKELENBURG, Auteur ; Mljm EUSSEN, Auteur ; J. VROOMEN, Auteur . - p.589-599. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.589-599 Mots-clés : ERPs  autism spectrum disorder  motor-auditory  predictive coding Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The amplitude of the auditory N1 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is typically attenuated for self-initiated sounds, compared to sounds with identical acoustic and temporal features that are triggered externally. This effect has been ascribed to internal forward models predicting the sensory consequences of one's own motor actions. The predictive coding account of autistic symptomatology states that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties anticipating upcoming sensory stimulation due to a decreased ability to infer the probabilistic structure of their environment. Without precise internal forward prediction models to rely on, perception in ASD could be less affected by prior expectations and more driven by sensory input. Following this reasoning, one would expect diminished attenuation of the auditory N1 due to self-initiation in individuals with ASD. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the neural response to self- versus externally-initiated tones between a group of individuals with ASD and a group of age matched neurotypical controls. ERPs evoked by tones initiated via button-presses were compared with ERPs evoked by the same tones replayed at identical pace. Significant N1 attenuation effects were only found in the TD group. Self-initiation of the tones did not attenuate the auditory N1 in the ASD group, indicating that they may be unable to anticipate the auditory sensory consequences of their own motor actions. These results show that individuals with ASD have alterations in sensory attenuation of self-initiated sounds, and support the notion of impaired predictive coding as a core deficit underlying autistic symptomatology. Autism Res 2019, 12: 589-599. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Many individuals with ASD experience difficulties in processing sensory information (for example, increased sensitivity to sound). Here we show that these difficulties may be related to an inability to anticipate upcoming sensory stimulation. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the different sensory perception experienced by individuals with ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2087 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388

Frontal lobe dysfunction underlies the differential word retrieval impairment in adolescents with high-functioning autism / M. K. YEUNG in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.600-613 Titre : Frontal lobe dysfunction underlies the differential word retrieval impairment in adolescents with high-functioning autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. K. YEUNG, Auteur ; T. L. LEE, Auteur ; A. S. CHAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.600-613 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescent  autism spectrum disorder  category fluency  frontal lobe  near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)/optical imaging  word retrieval Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is substantial evidence of word retrieval impairment as indicated by poor performance on the category fluency test in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this impairment. Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that the lateral frontal cortex plays a key role in flexible word retrieval. Thus, we examined whether individuals with ASD exhibited altered frontal processing during the category fluency test using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty-two adolescents with high-functioning ASD (20 males) and 22 typically developing (TD) adolescents (16 males) aged 11-18 years were recruited. All underwent a category fluency paradigm, which required production of animal or means of transportation words for 1 min each although their frontal hemodynamic changes were recorded with fNIRS. We found that adolescents with ASD produced fewer animal but not transportation words (group-by-category interaction: P = 0.003), suggesting differential word retrieval impairment. In addition, unlike TD adolescents who exhibited activation primarily in lateral frontal regions during word production, adolescents with ASD had comparable activation across lateral and medial frontal regions. More importantly, this lack of lateral-medial distinction of activation, which was associated with poor word retrieval, differed significantly between groups only in the animal category (group-by-category interaction: P = 0.018). Thus, our findings implicate frontal lobe dysfunction in the impairment of differential word retrieval in adolescents with ASD. The relatively greater involvement of the medial frontopolar cortex might reflect the use of nonspecialized brain regions to compensate for the category-dependent difficulties with word retrieval in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 600-613. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Using an optical imaging tool, we found that adolescents with autism had difficulties with producing semantically related words and exhibited frontal lobe dysfunction. Nonetheless, poor word production and altered brain processing was only seen when these adolescents were asked to produce words from a category of living things but not nonliving things (i.e., animals but not means of transportation). Category-dependent word retrieval problems and frontal lobe dysfunction might be two features of this disorder. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2082 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388 [article] Frontal lobe dysfunction underlies the differential word retrieval impairment in adolescents with high-functioning autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. K. YEUNG, Auteur ; T. L. LEE, Auteur ; A. S. CHAN, Auteur . - p.600-613. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.600-613 Mots-clés : adolescent  autism spectrum disorder  category fluency  frontal lobe  near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)/optical imaging  word retrieval Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is substantial evidence of word retrieval impairment as indicated by poor performance on the category fluency test in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this impairment. Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that the lateral frontal cortex plays a key role in flexible word retrieval. Thus, we examined whether individuals with ASD exhibited altered frontal processing during the category fluency test using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty-two adolescents with high-functioning ASD (20 males) and 22 typically developing (TD) adolescents (16 males) aged 11-18 years were recruited. All underwent a category fluency paradigm, which required production of animal or means of transportation words for 1 min each although their frontal hemodynamic changes were recorded with fNIRS. We found that adolescents with ASD produced fewer animal but not transportation words (group-by-category interaction: P = 0.003), suggesting differential word retrieval impairment. In addition, unlike TD adolescents who exhibited activation primarily in lateral frontal regions during word production, adolescents with ASD had comparable activation across lateral and medial frontal regions. More importantly, this lack of lateral-medial distinction of activation, which was associated with poor word retrieval, differed significantly between groups only in the animal category (group-by-category interaction: P = 0.018). Thus, our findings implicate frontal lobe dysfunction in the impairment of differential word retrieval in adolescents with ASD. The relatively greater involvement of the medial frontopolar cortex might reflect the use of nonspecialized brain regions to compensate for the category-dependent difficulties with word retrieval in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 600-613. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Using an optical imaging tool, we found that adolescents with autism had difficulties with producing semantically related words and exhibited frontal lobe dysfunction. Nonetheless, poor word production and altered brain processing was only seen when these adolescents were asked to produce words from a category of living things but not nonliving things (i.e., animals but not means of transportation). Category-dependent word retrieval problems and frontal lobe dysfunction might be two features of this disorder. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2082 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388

Familial risk of autism alters subcortical and cerebellar brain anatomy in infants and predicts the emergence of repetitive behaviors in early childhood / I. POTE in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.614-627 Titre : Familial risk of autism alters subcortical and cerebellar brain anatomy in infants and predicts the emergence of repetitive behaviors in early childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : I. POTE, Auteur ; S. WANG, Auteur ; V. SETHNA, Auteur ; A. BLASI, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; M. KUKLISOVA-MURGASOVA, Auteur ; S. LLOYD-FOX, Auteur ; E. MERCURE, Auteur ; P. BUSUULWA, Auteur ; V. STOENCHEVA, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; S. C. R. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; M. H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; D. G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; G. M. MCALONAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.614-627 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cerebellum  familial risk  infants  magnetic resonance imaging-structural  mother-infant interaction  subcortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, and infant siblings of children with ASD are at a higher risk of developing autistic traits or an ASD diagnosis, when compared to those with typically developing siblings. Reports of differences in brain anatomy and function in high-risk infants which predict later autistic behaviors are emerging, but although cerebellar and subcortical brain regions have been frequently implicated in ASD, no high-risk study has examined these regions. Therefore, in this study, we compared regional MRI volumes across the whole brain in 4-6-month-old infants with (high-risk, n = 24) and without (low-risk, n = 26) a sibling with ASD. Within the high-risk group, we also examined whether any regional differences observed were associated with autistic behaviors at 36 months. We found that high-risk infants had significantly larger cerebellar and subcortical volumes at 4-6-months of age, relative to low-risk infants; and that larger volumes in high-risk infants were linked to more repetitive behaviors at 36 months. Our preliminary observations require replication in longitudinal studies of larger samples. If correct, they suggest that the early subcortex and cerebellum volumes may be predictive biomarkers for childhood repetitive behaviors. Autism Res 2019, 12: 614-627. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published byWiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with a family history of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk of ASD and related developmental difficulties. This study revealed that 4-6-month-old infants at high-risk of ASD have larger cerebellum and subcortical volumes than low-risk infants, and that larger volumes in high-risk infants are associated with more repetitive behaviors in childhood. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2083 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388 [article] Familial risk of autism alters subcortical and cerebellar brain anatomy in infants and predicts the emergence of repetitive behaviors in early childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / I. POTE, Auteur ; S. WANG, Auteur ; V. SETHNA, Auteur ; A. BLASI, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; M. KUKLISOVA-MURGASOVA, Auteur ; S. LLOYD-FOX, Auteur ; E. MERCURE, Auteur ; P. BUSUULWA, Auteur ; V. STOENCHEVA, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; S. C. R. WILLIAMS, Auteur ; M. H. JOHNSON, Auteur ; D. G. M. MURPHY, Auteur ; G. M. MCALONAN, Auteur . - p.614-627. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.614-627 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cerebellum  familial risk  infants  magnetic resonance imaging-structural  mother-infant interaction  subcortex Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, and infant siblings of children with ASD are at a higher risk of developing autistic traits or an ASD diagnosis, when compared to those with typically developing siblings. Reports of differences in brain anatomy and function in high-risk infants which predict later autistic behaviors are emerging, but although cerebellar and subcortical brain regions have been frequently implicated in ASD, no high-risk study has examined these regions. Therefore, in this study, we compared regional MRI volumes across the whole brain in 4-6-month-old infants with (high-risk, n = 24) and without (low-risk, n = 26) a sibling with ASD. Within the high-risk group, we also examined whether any regional differences observed were associated with autistic behaviors at 36 months. We found that high-risk infants had significantly larger cerebellar and subcortical volumes at 4-6-months of age, relative to low-risk infants; and that larger volumes in high-risk infants were linked to more repetitive behaviors at 36 months. Our preliminary observations require replication in longitudinal studies of larger samples. If correct, they suggest that the early subcortex and cerebellum volumes may be predictive biomarkers for childhood repetitive behaviors. Autism Res 2019, 12: 614-627. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published byWiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with a family history of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at risk of ASD and related developmental difficulties. This study revealed that 4-6-month-old infants at high-risk of ASD have larger cerebellum and subcortical volumes than low-risk infants, and that larger volumes in high-risk infants are associated with more repetitive behaviors in childhood. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2083 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=388

How effective is LENA in detecting speech vocalizations and language produced by children and adolescents with ASD in different contexts? / R. M. JONES in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.628-635 Titre : How effective is LENA in detecting speech vocalizations and language produced by children and adolescents with ASD in different contexts? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. M. JONES, Auteur ; D. PLESA SKWERER, Auteur ; R. PAWAR, Auteur ; A. HAMO, Auteur ; Caroline CARBERRY, Auteur ; Eliana L. AJODAN, Auteur ; D. CAULLEY, Auteur ; M. R. SILVERMAN, Auteur ; S. MCADOO, Auteur ; S. MEYER, Auteur ; A. YODER, Auteur ; M. CLEMENTS, Auteur ; C. LORD, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.628-635 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Lena  acoustic recordings  autism spectrum disorder  automated language detection  communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The LENA system was designed and validated to provide information about the language environment in children 0 to 4 years of age and its use has been expanded to populations with a number of communication profiles. Its utility in children 5 years of age and older is not yet known. The present study used acoustic data from two samples of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to evaluate the reliability of LENA automated analyses for detecting speech utterances in older, school age children, and adolescents with ASD, in clinic and home environments. Participants between 5 and 18 years old who were minimally verbal (study 1) or had a range of verbal abilities (study 2) completed standardized assessments in the clinic (study 1 and 2) and in the home (study 2) while speech was recorded from a LENA device. We compared LENA segment labels with manual ground truth coding by human transcribers using two different methods. We found that the automated LENA algorithms were not successful (<50% reliable) in detecting vocalizations from older children and adolescents with ASD, and that the proportion of speaker misclassifications by the automated system increased significantly with the target-child's age. The findings in children and adolescents with ASD suggest possibly misleading results when expanding the use of LENA beyond the age ranges for which it was developed and highlight the need to develop novel automated methods that are more appropriate for older children. Autism Research 2019, 12: 628-635. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Current commercially available speech detection algorithms (LENA system) were previously validated in toddlers and children up to 48 months of age, and it is not known whether they are reliable in older children and adolescents. Our data suggest that LENA does not adequately capture speech in school age children and adolescents with autism and highlights the need to develop new automated methods for older children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2071 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] How effective is LENA in detecting speech vocalizations and language produced by children and adolescents with ASD in different contexts? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. M. JONES, Auteur ; D. PLESA SKWERER, Auteur ; R. PAWAR, Auteur ; A. HAMO, Auteur ; Caroline CARBERRY, Auteur ; Eliana L. AJODAN, Auteur ; D. CAULLEY, Auteur ; M. R. SILVERMAN, Auteur ; S. MCADOO, Auteur ; S. MEYER, Auteur ; A. YODER, Auteur ; M. CLEMENTS, Auteur ; C. LORD, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - p.628-635. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.628-635 Mots-clés : Lena  acoustic recordings  autism spectrum disorder  automated language detection  communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The LENA system was designed and validated to provide information about the language environment in children 0 to 4 years of age and its use has been expanded to populations with a number of communication profiles. Its utility in children 5 years of age and older is not yet known. The present study used acoustic data from two samples of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to evaluate the reliability of LENA automated analyses for detecting speech utterances in older, school age children, and adolescents with ASD, in clinic and home environments. Participants between 5 and 18 years old who were minimally verbal (study 1) or had a range of verbal abilities (study 2) completed standardized assessments in the clinic (study 1 and 2) and in the home (study 2) while speech was recorded from a LENA device. We compared LENA segment labels with manual ground truth coding by human transcribers using two different methods. We found that the automated LENA algorithms were not successful (<50% reliable) in detecting vocalizations from older children and adolescents with ASD, and that the proportion of speaker misclassifications by the automated system increased significantly with the target-child's age. The findings in children and adolescents with ASD suggest possibly misleading results when expanding the use of LENA beyond the age ranges for which it was developed and highlight the need to develop novel automated methods that are more appropriate for older children. Autism Research 2019, 12: 628-635. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Current commercially available speech detection algorithms (LENA system) were previously validated in toddlers and children up to 48 months of age, and it is not known whether they are reliable in older children and adolescents. Our data suggest that LENA does not adequately capture speech in school age children and adolescents with autism and highlights the need to develop new automated methods for older children. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2071 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

Measuring child social communication across contexts: Similarities and differences across play and snack routines / K. M. FROST in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.636-644 Titre : Measuring child social communication across contexts: Similarities and differences across play and snack routines Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. M. FROST, Auteur ; G. N. KOEHN, Auteur ; K. M. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Brooke R. INGERSOLL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.636-644 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  Psychology  measurement  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Improving measurement of outcomes in randomized controlled trials of early interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified as a priority in the field. In addition, the importance of measurement across contexts has been indicated by researchers and community stakeholders alike [Lord et al., ; McConachie et al., ; Schreibman et al., ]. The Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC; Grzadzinski et al., ), an observational rating scheme of brief play interactions, was developed to address a need for measures that are reliable, sensitive to change, and valid for use in research settings. The goal of this study was to examine the feasibility and utility of applying the BOSCC to a new context: a home snack routine. Results suggest that rating the BOSCC on home snack routines is feasible and psychometrically sound, and captures change in child social communication behaviors. However, the utility of the BOSCC for measuring restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) is less clear. Nonetheless, differences in RRBs across play and snack lend support for the claim that measurement across contexts is essential. Application of the BOSCC across contexts may allow researchers to obtain a more accurate estimate of intervention response and help capture context-specific changes in social communication. It may also provide a method for researchers to evaluate the effect of context on child social communication more broadly. Autism Res 2019, 12: 636-644. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Improving measurement of outcomes in studies of early interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified as a priority in the field. The importance of measurement across contexts has also been indicated by researchers and community stakeholders. The goal of this study was to determine whether an existing observational rating scheme, the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC), could be applied to a new activity: a home snack routine. Results suggest that rating the BOSCC on home snack routines is feasible and promising for capturing change over time. In addition, some child behaviors differed across play and snack, lending further support for the claim that measurement across activities is essential. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2077 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Measuring child social communication across contexts: Similarities and differences across play and snack routines [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. M. FROST, Auteur ; G. N. KOEHN, Auteur ; K. M. RUSSELL, Auteur ; Brooke R. INGERSOLL, Auteur . - p.636-644. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.636-644 Mots-clés : Asd  Psychology  measurement  social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Improving measurement of outcomes in randomized controlled trials of early interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified as a priority in the field. In addition, the importance of measurement across contexts has been indicated by researchers and community stakeholders alike [Lord et al., ; McConachie et al., ; Schreibman et al., ]. The Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC; Grzadzinski et al., ), an observational rating scheme of brief play interactions, was developed to address a need for measures that are reliable, sensitive to change, and valid for use in research settings. The goal of this study was to examine the feasibility and utility of applying the BOSCC to a new context: a home snack routine. Results suggest that rating the BOSCC on home snack routines is feasible and psychometrically sound, and captures change in child social communication behaviors. However, the utility of the BOSCC for measuring restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) is less clear. Nonetheless, differences in RRBs across play and snack lend support for the claim that measurement across contexts is essential. Application of the BOSCC across contexts may allow researchers to obtain a more accurate estimate of intervention response and help capture context-specific changes in social communication. It may also provide a method for researchers to evaluate the effect of context on child social communication more broadly. Autism Res 2019, 12: 636-644. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Improving measurement of outcomes in studies of early interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified as a priority in the field. The importance of measurement across contexts has also been indicated by researchers and community stakeholders. The goal of this study was to determine whether an existing observational rating scheme, the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC), could be applied to a new activity: a home snack routine. Results suggest that rating the BOSCC on home snack routines is feasible and promising for capturing change over time. In addition, some child behaviors differed across play and snack, lending further support for the claim that measurement across activities is essential. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2077 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project / J. TILLMANN in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.645-657 Titre : Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : J. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; D. CRAWLEY, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; B. OAKLEY, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; S. DURSTON, Auteur ; L. HAM, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; E. SIMONOFF, Auteur ; W. SPOOREN, Auteur ; D. G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.645-657 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive functioning  autism spectrum disorder  intellectual functioning  psychiatric symptoms  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher-ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. This study included a sample of 417 children, adolescents, and adults with ASD as part of the EU-AIMS LEAP cohort. We examined how age, sex, IQ, levels of ASD symptom and autistic trait severity and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition and IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancies. Older age, lower IQ and higher social-communication symptoms were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that older age, higher IQ and higher social-communication symptoms are associated with greater IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. By contrast, sensory ASD symptoms, repetitive and restricted behaviors, as well as symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression, were not associated with adaptive functioning or IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. These findings suggest that it is the core social communication problems that define ASD that contribute to adaptive function impairments that people with ASD experience. They show for the first time that sensory symptoms, repetitive behavior and associated psychiatric symptoms do not independently contribute to adaptive function impairments. Individuals with ASD require supportive interventions across the lifespan that take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. Autism Res 2019, 12: 645-657. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated key clinical and demographic associations of adaptive functioning impairments in individuals with autism. We found that older age, lower IQ and more severe social-communicative symptoms, but not sensory or repetitive symptoms or co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, are associated with lower adaptive functioning and greater ability-adaptive function discrepancies. This suggests that interventions targeting adaptive skills acquisition should be flexible in their timing and intensity across developmental periods, levels of cognitive ability and take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2081 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / J. TILLMANN, Auteur ; Antonia SAN JOSE CACERES, Auteur ; Christopher H. CHATHAM, Auteur ; D. CRAWLEY, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; B. OAKLEY, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; S. DURSTON, Auteur ; L. HAM, Auteur ; E. LOTH, Auteur ; E. SIMONOFF, Auteur ; W. SPOOREN, Auteur ; D. G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur . - p.645-657. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.645-657 Mots-clés : adaptive functioning  autism spectrum disorder  intellectual functioning  psychiatric symptoms  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher-ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear. This study included a sample of 417 children, adolescents, and adults with ASD as part of the EU-AIMS LEAP cohort. We examined how age, sex, IQ, levels of ASD symptom and autistic trait severity and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition and IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancies. Older age, lower IQ and higher social-communication symptoms were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Results also demonstrate that older age, higher IQ and higher social-communication symptoms are associated with greater IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. By contrast, sensory ASD symptoms, repetitive and restricted behaviors, as well as symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression, were not associated with adaptive functioning or IQ-adaptive functioning discrepancy scores. These findings suggest that it is the core social communication problems that define ASD that contribute to adaptive function impairments that people with ASD experience. They show for the first time that sensory symptoms, repetitive behavior and associated psychiatric symptoms do not independently contribute to adaptive function impairments. Individuals with ASD require supportive interventions across the lifespan that take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. Autism Res 2019, 12: 645-657. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study investigated key clinical and demographic associations of adaptive functioning impairments in individuals with autism. We found that older age, lower IQ and more severe social-communicative symptoms, but not sensory or repetitive symptoms or co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, are associated with lower adaptive functioning and greater ability-adaptive function discrepancies. This suggests that interventions targeting adaptive skills acquisition should be flexible in their timing and intensity across developmental periods, levels of cognitive ability and take account of social-communicative ASD symptom severity. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2081 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

A 20-year study of suicide death in a statewide autism population / A. V. KIRBY in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.658-666 Titre : A 20-year study of suicide death in a statewide autism population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. V. KIRBY, Auteur ; Amanda V. BAKIAN, Auteur ; Y. ZHANG, Auteur ; Deborah A. BILDER, Auteur ; B. R. KEESHIN, Auteur ; H. COON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.658-666 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  epidemiology  mental health  population  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY: Growing concern about suicide risk among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) necessitates population-based research to determine rates in representative samples and to inform appropriate prevention efforts. This study used existing surveillance data in Utah to determine incidence of suicide among individuals with ASD over a 20-year period, and to characterize those who died. Between 1998 and 2017, 49 individuals with ASD died by suicide. Suicide cumulative incidence rates did not significantly differ between 1998 and 2012 across the ASD and non-ASD populations. Between 2013 and 2017, the cumulative incidence of suicide in the ASD population was 0.17%, which was significantly higher than in the non-ASD population (0.11%; P < 0.05). During this period, this difference was driven by suicide among females with ASD; suicide risk in females with ASD was over three times higher than in females without ASD (relative risk (RR): 3.42; P < 0.01). Among the individuals with ASD who died by suicide, average age at death and manner of death did not differ significantly between males and females. Ages at death by suicide ranged from 14 to 70 years (M[SD] = 32.41[15.98]). Individuals with ASD were significantly less likely to use firearms as a method of suicide (adjusted odds ratio: 0.33; P < 0.001). Study results expand understanding of suicide risk in ASD and point to the need for additional population-based research into suicide attempts and ideation, as well as exploration of additional risk factors. Findings also suggest a need for further study of female suicide risk in ASD. Autism Research 2019, 12: 658-666. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study examined suicide risk among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Utah over a 20-year period. Risk of suicide death in individuals with ASD was found to have increased over time and to be greater than in individuals without ASD between 2013 and 2017. Females with ASD were over three times as likely to die from suicide as females without ASD. Young people with ASD were at over twice the risk of suicide than young people without ASD. Individuals with ASD were less likely than others to die from firearm-related suicides. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2076 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] A 20-year study of suicide death in a statewide autism population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. V. KIRBY, Auteur ; Amanda V. BAKIAN, Auteur ; Y. ZHANG, Auteur ; Deborah A. BILDER, Auteur ; B. R. KEESHIN, Auteur ; H. COON, Auteur . - p.658-666. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.658-666 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  epidemiology  mental health  population  suicide Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY: Growing concern about suicide risk among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) necessitates population-based research to determine rates in representative samples and to inform appropriate prevention efforts. This study used existing surveillance data in Utah to determine incidence of suicide among individuals with ASD over a 20-year period, and to characterize those who died. Between 1998 and 2017, 49 individuals with ASD died by suicide. Suicide cumulative incidence rates did not significantly differ between 1998 and 2012 across the ASD and non-ASD populations. Between 2013 and 2017, the cumulative incidence of suicide in the ASD population was 0.17%, which was significantly higher than in the non-ASD population (0.11%; P < 0.05). During this period, this difference was driven by suicide among females with ASD; suicide risk in females with ASD was over three times higher than in females without ASD (relative risk (RR): 3.42; P < 0.01). Among the individuals with ASD who died by suicide, average age at death and manner of death did not differ significantly between males and females. Ages at death by suicide ranged from 14 to 70 years (M[SD] = 32.41[15.98]). Individuals with ASD were significantly less likely to use firearms as a method of suicide (adjusted odds ratio: 0.33; P < 0.001). Study results expand understanding of suicide risk in ASD and point to the need for additional population-based research into suicide attempts and ideation, as well as exploration of additional risk factors. Findings also suggest a need for further study of female suicide risk in ASD. Autism Research 2019, 12: 658-666. (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study examined suicide risk among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Utah over a 20-year period. Risk of suicide death in individuals with ASD was found to have increased over time and to be greater than in individuals without ASD between 2013 and 2017. Females with ASD were over three times as likely to die from suicide as females without ASD. Young people with ASD were at over twice the risk of suicide than young people without ASD. Individuals with ASD were less likely than others to die from firearm-related suicides. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2076 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

Comparing the 1-year impact of preschool autism intervention programs in two Canadian provinces / I. M. SMITH in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.667-681 Titre : Comparing the 1-year impact of preschool autism intervention programs in two Canadian provinces Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : I. M. SMITH, Auteur ; H. E. FLANAGAN, Auteur ; W. J. UNGAR, Auteur ; B. D'ENTREMONT, Auteur ; N. GARON, Auteur ; J. DEN OTTER, Auteur ; C. WADDELL, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; K. TSIPLOVA, Auteur ; N. LEGER, Auteur ; F. VEZINA, Auteur ; P. MURRAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.667-681 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptive behavior  autism spectrum disorder  early intervention  preschool children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with early differences in children's social interactions, communication, and play/interests. In many countries, considerable resources are invested in early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) programs for children with ASD, which aim to build adaptive skills and prevent or treat problem behavior. However, these programs vary widely in structure and delivery. Research evidence supports the efficacy of EIBI, but large knowledge gaps remain about the effectiveness of publicly funded EIBI programs. With policy-makers as formal research partners, we compared children's progress over 1 year in public preschool programs in adjacent Canadian provinces, New Brunswick (NB) and Nova Scotia (NS). In NB, children received up to 20 hr/week of comprehensive EIBI in a publicly funded, privately provided program. In NS, children received up to 15 hr/week of Pivotal Response Treatment and Positive Behavior Support delivered through the publicly funded healthcare system. In this observational parallel cohort study, we collected parent-reported data on 298 NB preschoolers (76.5% boys) and 221 NS preschoolers (86.9% boys) at EIBI start and 1 year later. Multilevel analysis revealed significant differences at baseline: NS children were older, with lower adaptive functioning and more severe ASD symptoms than NB children. Despite these pre-treatment differences that favor NB, children in both provinces showed similar adaptive functioning gains and reductions of maladaptive behavior. No changes were seen in mean ASD symptom severity in either province over time. Results highlight the value of evaluating interventions in their implementation contexts, and have important implications for devising optimal ASD policy. Autism Research 2019, 12: 667-681. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research,Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We need to know more about the impact of different forms of early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We showed that preschoolers with ASD gained important skills while in public EIBI programs in two Canadian provinces. We also saw that differences in how EIBI programs are structured and characteristics of children who are served may affect outcomes. For these reasons, policy making requires evidence that fits the local context. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Comparing the 1-year impact of preschool autism intervention programs in two Canadian provinces [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / I. M. SMITH, Auteur ; H. E. FLANAGAN, Auteur ; W. J. UNGAR, Auteur ; B. D'ENTREMONT, Auteur ; N. GARON, Auteur ; J. DEN OTTER, Auteur ; C. WADDELL, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; K. TSIPLOVA, Auteur ; N. LEGER, Auteur ; F. VEZINA, Auteur ; P. MURRAY, Auteur . - p.667-681. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.667-681 Mots-clés : adaptive behavior  autism spectrum disorder  early intervention  preschool children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with early differences in children's social interactions, communication, and play/interests. In many countries, considerable resources are invested in early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) programs for children with ASD, which aim to build adaptive skills and prevent or treat problem behavior. However, these programs vary widely in structure and delivery. Research evidence supports the efficacy of EIBI, but large knowledge gaps remain about the effectiveness of publicly funded EIBI programs. With policy-makers as formal research partners, we compared children's progress over 1 year in public preschool programs in adjacent Canadian provinces, New Brunswick (NB) and Nova Scotia (NS). In NB, children received up to 20 hr/week of comprehensive EIBI in a publicly funded, privately provided program. In NS, children received up to 15 hr/week of Pivotal Response Treatment and Positive Behavior Support delivered through the publicly funded healthcare system. In this observational parallel cohort study, we collected parent-reported data on 298 NB preschoolers (76.5% boys) and 221 NS preschoolers (86.9% boys) at EIBI start and 1 year later. Multilevel analysis revealed significant differences at baseline: NS children were older, with lower adaptive functioning and more severe ASD symptoms than NB children. Despite these pre-treatment differences that favor NB, children in both provinces showed similar adaptive functioning gains and reductions of maladaptive behavior. No changes were seen in mean ASD symptom severity in either province over time. Results highlight the value of evaluating interventions in their implementation contexts, and have important implications for devising optimal ASD policy. Autism Research 2019, 12: 667-681. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research,Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We need to know more about the impact of different forms of early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We showed that preschoolers with ASD gained important skills while in public EIBI programs in two Canadian provinces. We also saw that differences in how EIBI programs are structured and characteristics of children who are served may affect outcomes. For these reasons, policy making requires evidence that fits the local context. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2072 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

Cognitive and behavioral differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder from multiplex and simplex families / Cheryl DISSANAYAKE in Autism Research, 12-4 (April 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.682-693 Titre : Cognitive and behavioral differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder from multiplex and simplex families Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; J. SEARLES, Auteur ; Josephine BARBARO, Auteur ; N. SADKA, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.682-693 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism symptoms  cognition  multiplex  simplex  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prospective, longitudinal designs utilizing "high-risk" infant siblings of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD-sibs) have provided unique and valuable insights regarding the early ASD phenotype. However, it remains unclear whether these cases are representative of all children with ASD. The objective in the present study was to investigate whether the early development of toddlers with ASD from multiplex (MPX) families, who have an affected older sibling, is similar or different to toddlers with ASD from simplex (SPX) families, where there is no affected sibling. A further aim was to examine patterns of association between autism symptom severity and cognitive functioning within each group to inform possible mechanisms for group similarities/differences. Behavioral and cognitive assessment data from a sample of toddlers with ASD was utilized, comprising 45 MPX, 127 first-born SPX, and 72 later-born SPX toddlers. Participants in the MPX group had significantly higher developmental quotients on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning compared to those in the SPX groups, who did not differ from each other. However, all three groups were similar on their autism severity scores (measured using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview), and the pattern of relationships between cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. The results suggest that caution be exercised in generalizing findings from ASD-sib samples to other samples of children with ASD. The higher cognitive abilities in the MPX group, in addition to biological differences, may also be an outcome of family environmental factors, which deserves further investigation. Autism Research 2019, 12: 682-693. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We sought to establish whether toddlers with autism from families where there is more than one affected child, called multiplex families, are different to children from simplex families, where there is only one affected child, and no other members within the immediate family with an autism diagnosis. We found that while toddlers from multiplex families were similar to those from simplex families in their autism symptoms, they were more developmentally advanced than children in the latter group. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2074 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Cognitive and behavioral differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder from multiplex and simplex families [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur ; J. SEARLES, Auteur ; Josephine BARBARO, Auteur ; N. SADKA, Auteur ; L. P. LAWSON, Auteur . - p.682-693. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-4 (April 2019) . - p.682-693 Mots-clés : autism  autism symptoms  cognition  multiplex  simplex  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prospective, longitudinal designs utilizing "high-risk" infant siblings of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD-sibs) have provided unique and valuable insights regarding the early ASD phenotype. However, it remains unclear whether these cases are representative of all children with ASD. The objective in the present study was to investigate whether the early development of toddlers with ASD from multiplex (MPX) families, who have an affected older sibling, is similar or different to toddlers with ASD from simplex (SPX) families, where there is no affected sibling. A further aim was to examine patterns of association between autism symptom severity and cognitive functioning within each group to inform possible mechanisms for group similarities/differences. Behavioral and cognitive assessment data from a sample of toddlers with ASD was utilized, comprising 45 MPX, 127 first-born SPX, and 72 later-born SPX toddlers. Participants in the MPX group had significantly higher developmental quotients on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning compared to those in the SPX groups, who did not differ from each other. However, all three groups were similar on their autism severity scores (measured using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview), and the pattern of relationships between cognitive ability and autism symptom severity. The results suggest that caution be exercised in generalizing findings from ASD-sib samples to other samples of children with ASD. The higher cognitive abilities in the MPX group, in addition to biological differences, may also be an outcome of family environmental factors, which deserves further investigation. Autism Research 2019, 12: 682-693. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We sought to establish whether toddlers with autism from families where there is more than one affected child, called multiplex families, are different to children from simplex families, where there is only one affected child, and no other members within the immediate family with an autism diagnosis. We found that while toddlers from multiplex families were similar to those from simplex families in their autism symptoms, they were more developmentally advanced than children in the latter group. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2074 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389