Are impairments in emotion recognition a core feature of callous–unemotional traits? Testing the primary versus secondary variants model in children / Mark R. DADDS in Development and Psychopathology, 30-1 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 30-1 (February 2018) . - p.67-77 Titre : Are impairments in emotion recognition a core feature of callous–unemotional traits? Testing the primary versus secondary variants model in children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Olivia SCHOLLAR-ROOT, Auteur ; Caroline MOUL, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.67-77 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of environmental adversity in the development of high callous–unemotional (CU) traits in children is controversial. Evidence speaks to the traits being largely independent of adversity; however, recent data shows that those with high CU traits and high adversity and/or high anxiety might differ in important ways from those with no such history. We tested this using emotion recognition (ER) skills. We tested whether maltreatment history and anxiety levels moderated the relationship between level of CU traits and ER skills in N = 364 children with behavioral problems who were 3 to 16 years old. As hypothesised, in the full sample, the relationship between CU traits and ER differed according to maltreatment history, such that CU traits were associated with poorer recognition for those with zero or negligible history of maltreatment. This moderation of the CU-ER relationship by maltreatment was inconsistent across subgroups, however, and for the cohort utilizing youth self-report of maltreatment, high CU traits were associated with poor ER in those with lower anxiety levels. Maltreatment history and/or anxiety levels can identify different emotional impairments associated with high CU traits, and the impairments might be characteristic of “primary” high CU traits defined as occurring independently of maltreatment and/or high anxiety. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=335 [article] Are impairments in emotion recognition a core feature of callous–unemotional traits? Testing the primary versus secondary variants model in children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Olivia SCHOLLAR-ROOT, Auteur ; Caroline MOUL, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur . - p.67-77. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 30-1 (February 2018) . - p.67-77 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of environmental adversity in the development of high callous–unemotional (CU) traits in children is controversial. Evidence speaks to the traits being largely independent of adversity; however, recent data shows that those with high CU traits and high adversity and/or high anxiety might differ in important ways from those with no such history. We tested this using emotion recognition (ER) skills. We tested whether maltreatment history and anxiety levels moderated the relationship between level of CU traits and ER skills in N = 364 children with behavioral problems who were 3 to 16 years old. As hypothesised, in the full sample, the relationship between CU traits and ER differed according to maltreatment history, such that CU traits were associated with poorer recognition for those with zero or negligible history of maltreatment. This moderation of the CU-ER relationship by maltreatment was inconsistent across subgroups, however, and for the cohort utilizing youth self-report of maltreatment, high CU traits were associated with poor ER in those with lower anxiety levels. Maltreatment history and/or anxiety levels can identify different emotional impairments associated with high CU traits, and the impairments might be characteristic of “primary” high CU traits defined as occurring independently of maltreatment and/or high anxiety. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=335

Attachment and callous-unemotional traits in children with early-onset conduct problems / Dave PASALICH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-8 (August 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.838-845 Titre : Attachment and callous-unemotional traits in children with early-onset conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.838-845 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional  attachment  parent-child relationship  conduct problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Antisocial children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits appear to be disconnected from other people’s emotions; although little is known about their experience of the parent-child emotional bond. This study examined parent-child attachment relationships and levels of CU traits in conduct-problem children. Method:  Attachment classifications in boys (M = 6.31 years) with disruptive behaviour disorders were assessed using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. Multiple informants rated children’s CU traits. Results:  Independent of severity of conduct problems, high levels of CU traits were associated with more insecure attachment; specifically, disorganised attachment representations; however, CU traits were not associated with avoidant representations. Conclusions:  Among conduct-problem children, those higher on CU traits appear to be at increased risk of experiencing disruptions in parent-child attachment relationships; attachment may be an important area for treatment and prevention efforts for CU traits in young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02544.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177 [article] Attachment and callous-unemotional traits in children with early-onset conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.838-845. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.838-845 Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional  attachment  parent-child relationship  conduct problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Antisocial children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits appear to be disconnected from other people’s emotions; although little is known about their experience of the parent-child emotional bond. This study examined parent-child attachment relationships and levels of CU traits in conduct-problem children. Method:  Attachment classifications in boys (M = 6.31 years) with disruptive behaviour disorders were assessed using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. Multiple informants rated children’s CU traits. Results:  Independent of severity of conduct problems, high levels of CU traits were associated with more insecure attachment; specifically, disorganised attachment representations; however, CU traits were not associated with avoidant representations. Conclusions:  Among conduct-problem children, those higher on CU traits appear to be at increased risk of experiencing disruptions in parent-child attachment relationships; attachment may be an important area for treatment and prevention efforts for CU traits in young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02544.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177

Callous-unemotional traits in children and mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love: a treatment target? / Mark R. DADDS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-7 (July 2014) . - p.771-780 Titre : Callous-unemotional traits in children and mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love: a treatment target? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Jennifer L. ALLEN, Auteur ; Kimberley MCGREGOR, Auteur ; Matthew WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.771-780 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathy  callous-unemotional traits  eye contact  empathy  attachment  parenting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We previously hypothesised that the early development of psychopathy is associated with a failure to attend to the eyes of attachment figures, and we have presented preliminary data from a parent–child ‘love’ scenario in support of this. Here, we confirm the association in a larger sample and test mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love in control and behaviourally disturbed children. Methods Oppositional defiant disorder children, assessed for callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and controls, were observed in a brief interaction task where the mother was asked to show love to her child. Eye contact and affection were measured for each dyad. Results As predicted, there were no group differences in affection and eye contact expressed by mothers; levels of CU traits predicted low levels of eye contact towards their mothers across all groups of children. As expected, low eye contact was correlated with psychopathic fearlessness in their fathers, and maternal reports of negative feelings towards the child. Independent observations showed that child's behaviour largely drives the low eye contact associated with CU traits, and low eye contact was not associated with independent observations of the quality of attachment-related behaviours in mothers. Conclusions Impaired eye contact is a unique characteristic of children with CU traits; these impairments are largely independent of maternal behaviour, but associated with psychopathic traits in the fathers. These impairments should be tested for functional significance and amenability to change in longitudinal and treatment studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12155 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235 [article] Callous-unemotional traits in children and mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love: a treatment target? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Jennifer L. ALLEN, Auteur ; Kimberley MCGREGOR, Auteur ; Matthew WOOLGAR, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Stephen SCOTT, Auteur . - p.771-780. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-7 (July 2014) . - p.771-780 Mots-clés : Psychopathy  callous-unemotional traits  eye contact  empathy  attachment  parenting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We previously hypothesised that the early development of psychopathy is associated with a failure to attend to the eyes of attachment figures, and we have presented preliminary data from a parent–child ‘love’ scenario in support of this. Here, we confirm the association in a larger sample and test mechanisms of impaired eye contact during expressions of love in control and behaviourally disturbed children. Methods Oppositional defiant disorder children, assessed for callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and controls, were observed in a brief interaction task where the mother was asked to show love to her child. Eye contact and affection were measured for each dyad. Results As predicted, there were no group differences in affection and eye contact expressed by mothers; levels of CU traits predicted low levels of eye contact towards their mothers across all groups of children. As expected, low eye contact was correlated with psychopathic fearlessness in their fathers, and maternal reports of negative feelings towards the child. Independent observations showed that child's behaviour largely drives the low eye contact associated with CU traits, and low eye contact was not associated with independent observations of the quality of attachment-related behaviours in mothers. Conclusions Impaired eye contact is a unique characteristic of children with CU traits; these impairments are largely independent of maternal behaviour, but associated with psychopathic traits in the fathers. These impairments should be tested for functional significance and amenability to change in longitudinal and treatment studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12155 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=235

Can reciprocated parent-child eye gaze and emotional engagement enhance treatment for children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits: a proof-of-concept trial / Mark R. DADDS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-6 (June 2019) . - p.676-685 Titre : Can reciprocated parent-child eye gaze and emotional engagement enhance treatment for children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits: a proof-of-concept trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; T. ENGLISH, Auteur ; S. WIMALAWEERA, Auteur ; O. SCHOLLAR-ROOT, Auteur ; D. J. HAWES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.676-685 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  eye gaze  parent training  parent-child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: High levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with reduced effectiveness of parenting programmes for children with conduct problems. This may be due to low levels of emotional engagement (EE) by these children with their parents. We evaluate a theoretically driven strategy for improving emotional engagement in high CU traits children undergoing a parenting intervention (parent management training; PMT) for child conduct problems. METHODS: N = 40, 3- to 8-year-old children referred for conduct problems and showing stable, high levels of CU traits, were randomised to receive PMT+Emotional Engagement (EE), or the control condition PMT+Child Centred Play (CCP). A benchmarking sample of N = 70 children who received PMT only was also included. Observational coding of the parent-child interactions targeted by EE and CCP respectively was repeated throughout treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Emotional engagement produced unique improvements in parent-child emotional engagement (shared eye gaze); however, these reverted to baseline levels after treatment. CCP produced unique improvements in parents' child centeredness and child positive play, but by post-treatment, all children had improved on these factors. Both interventions produced similar improvements in general parental warmth. Reductions in severity of conduct problems at post-treatment and follow-up were large in size and did not differ between conditions or from the benchmarking group. Levels of CU traits reduced significantly but again did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The putative mechanism of emotional engagement through reciprocated eye gaze proved to be impervious to sustained change, and thus failed to have a specific impact of conduct problems or levels of CU traits. The development of novel treatment approaches to children with high levels of CU is a challenging endeavour, and these results indicate that focussing on children with stable levels at pretreatment should be a priority. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13023 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397 [article] Can reciprocated parent-child eye gaze and emotional engagement enhance treatment for children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits: a proof-of-concept trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; T. ENGLISH, Auteur ; S. WIMALAWEERA, Auteur ; O. SCHOLLAR-ROOT, Auteur ; D. J. HAWES, Auteur . - p.676-685. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-6 (June 2019) . - p.676-685 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  callous-unemotional traits  eye gaze  parent training  parent-child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: High levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with reduced effectiveness of parenting programmes for children with conduct problems. This may be due to low levels of emotional engagement (EE) by these children with their parents. We evaluate a theoretically driven strategy for improving emotional engagement in high CU traits children undergoing a parenting intervention (parent management training; PMT) for child conduct problems. METHODS: N = 40, 3- to 8-year-old children referred for conduct problems and showing stable, high levels of CU traits, were randomised to receive PMT+Emotional Engagement (EE), or the control condition PMT+Child Centred Play (CCP). A benchmarking sample of N = 70 children who received PMT only was also included. Observational coding of the parent-child interactions targeted by EE and CCP respectively was repeated throughout treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Emotional engagement produced unique improvements in parent-child emotional engagement (shared eye gaze); however, these reverted to baseline levels after treatment. CCP produced unique improvements in parents' child centeredness and child positive play, but by post-treatment, all children had improved on these factors. Both interventions produced similar improvements in general parental warmth. Reductions in severity of conduct problems at post-treatment and follow-up were large in size and did not differ between conditions or from the benchmarking group. Levels of CU traits reduced significantly but again did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The putative mechanism of emotional engagement through reciprocated eye gaze proved to be impervious to sustained change, and thus failed to have a specific impact of conduct problems or levels of CU traits. The development of novel treatment approaches to children with high levels of CU is a challenging endeavour, and these results indicate that focussing on children with stable levels at pretreatment should be a priority. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13023 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=397

Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the relative importance of parental coercion versus warmth in child conduct problems? An observational study / Dave PASALICH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-12 (December 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-12 (December 2011) . - p.1308-1315 Titre : Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the relative importance of parental coercion versus warmth in child conduct problems? An observational study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1308-1315 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional  conduct problems  coercion  warmth  parent–child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Research suggests that parenting has little influence on the development of antisocial behavior in children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. We aimed to extend and improve on prior studies examining the moderating role of CU traits on associations between parenting and conduct problems, by using independent observations of two key dimensions of parenting: coercion and warmth. Methods:  The participants included clinic-referred conduct-disordered boys (4–12 years; N = 95) and their families. Coercive parenting was coded from observations of family interaction and parental warmth was coded from Five-Minute Speech Samples. CU traits and conduct problems were rated by multiple informants. Results:  In both mothers and fathers, CU traits moderated links between observed parenting and conduct problems. Specifically, coercive parenting was more strongly positively associated with conduct problems in boys with lower levels of CU traits, whereas parental warmth was more strongly negatively associated with conduct problems in boys with higher levels of CU traits. Conclusions:  These findings suggest that different dimensions of parenting may need to be targeted in the treatment of early onset conduct problems in children high and low on CU traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02435.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147 [article] Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the relative importance of parental coercion versus warmth in child conduct problems? An observational study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1308-1315. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-12 (December 2011) . - p.1308-1315 Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional  conduct problems  coercion  warmth  parent–child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Research suggests that parenting has little influence on the development of antisocial behavior in children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. We aimed to extend and improve on prior studies examining the moderating role of CU traits on associations between parenting and conduct problems, by using independent observations of two key dimensions of parenting: coercion and warmth. Methods:  The participants included clinic-referred conduct-disordered boys (4–12 years; N = 95) and their families. Coercive parenting was coded from observations of family interaction and parental warmth was coded from Five-Minute Speech Samples. CU traits and conduct problems were rated by multiple informants. Results:  In both mothers and fathers, CU traits moderated links between observed parenting and conduct problems. Specifically, coercive parenting was more strongly positively associated with conduct problems in boys with lower levels of CU traits, whereas parental warmth was more strongly negatively associated with conduct problems in boys with higher levels of CU traits. Conclusions:  These findings suggest that different dimensions of parenting may need to be targeted in the treatment of early onset conduct problems in children high and low on CU traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02435.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147

Do Childhood Callous-Unemotional Traits Drive Change in Parenting Practices? / David J. HAWES in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40-4 (July-August 2011)  

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Impaired attention to the eyes of attachment figures and the developmental origins of psychopathy / Mark R. DADDS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-3 (March 2011)  

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Learning to 'talk the talk': the relationship of psychopathic traits to deficits in empathy across childhood / Mark R. DADDS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-5 (May 2009)  

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Methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene and oxytocin blood levels in the development of psychopathy / Mark R. DADDS in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)  

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More than a feeling? An expanded investigation of emotional responsiveness in young children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits / Jaimie C. NORTHAM in Development and Psychopathology, 35-2 (May 2023)  

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Nasal Oxytocin for Social Deficits in Childhood Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial / Mark R. DADDS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-3 (March 2014)  

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Parental Anxiety in the Treatment of Childhood Anxiety: A Different Story Three Years Later / Vanessa E. COBHAM in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39-3 (May-June 2010)  

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Polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene are associated with the development of psychopathy / Mark R. DADDS in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)  

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Practitioner Review: Parenting interventions for child conduct problems: reconceptualising resistance to change / D. J. HAWES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-10 (October 2021)  

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Practitioner Review: When parent training doesn't work: theory-driven clinical strategies / Stephen SCOTT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50-12 (December 2009)  

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