Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Does Self-Report with the OCI-R Tell Us? / Tim CADMAN in Autism Research, 8-5 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-5 (October 2015) . - p.477-485 Titre : Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Does Self-Report with the OCI-R Tell Us? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tim CADMAN, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Patrick JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; David MATAIX-COLS, Auteur ; Michael C. CRAIG, Auteur ; Quinton DEELEY, Auteur ; Dene ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Maria MENDEZ, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; James L. FINDON, Auteur ; Karen GLASER, Auteur ; MRC AIMS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.477-485 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  adults  obsessive compulsive disorder  obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised  hoarding  self-report questionnaire Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about the symptom profile of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is also unknown whether self-report questionnaires are useful in measuring OCD in ASD. We sought to describe the symptom profiles of adults with ASD, OCD, and ASD + OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and to assess the utility of the OCI-R as a screening measure in a high-functioning adult ASD sample. Individuals with ASD (n = 171), OCD (n = 108), ASD + OCD (n = 54) and control participants (n = 92) completed the OCI-R. Individuals with ASD + OCD reported significantly higher levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms than those with ASD alone. OCD symptoms were not significantly correlated with core ASD repetitive behaviors as measured on the ADI-R or ADOS-G. The OCI-R showed good psychometric properties and corresponded well with clinician diagnosis of OCD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested cut-offs for OCI-R Total and Checking scores that discriminated well between ASD + versus –OCD, and fairly well between ASD-alone and OCD-alone. OCD manifests separately from ASD and is characterized by a different profile of repetitive thoughts and behaviors. The OCI-R appears to be useful as a screening tool in the ASD adult population. Autism Res 2015, 8: 477–485. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1461 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270 [article] Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Does Self-Report with the OCI-R Tell Us? [texte imprimé] / Tim CADMAN, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Patrick JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Ailsa RUSSELL, Auteur ; David MATAIX-COLS, Auteur ; Michael C. CRAIG, Auteur ; Quinton DEELEY, Auteur ; Dene ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Maria MENDEZ, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; James L. FINDON, Auteur ; Karen GLASER, Auteur ; MRC AIMS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur . - p.477-485. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-5 (October 2015) . - p.477-485 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  adults  obsessive compulsive disorder  obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised  hoarding  self-report questionnaire Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about the symptom profile of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is also unknown whether self-report questionnaires are useful in measuring OCD in ASD. We sought to describe the symptom profiles of adults with ASD, OCD, and ASD + OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and to assess the utility of the OCI-R as a screening measure in a high-functioning adult ASD sample. Individuals with ASD (n = 171), OCD (n = 108), ASD + OCD (n = 54) and control participants (n = 92) completed the OCI-R. Individuals with ASD + OCD reported significantly higher levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms than those with ASD alone. OCD symptoms were not significantly correlated with core ASD repetitive behaviors as measured on the ADI-R or ADOS-G. The OCI-R showed good psychometric properties and corresponded well with clinician diagnosis of OCD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested cut-offs for OCI-R Total and Checking scores that discriminated well between ASD + versus –OCD, and fairly well between ASD-alone and OCD-alone. OCD manifests separately from ASD and is characterized by a different profile of repetitive thoughts and behaviors. The OCI-R appears to be useful as a screening tool in the ASD adult population. Autism Res 2015, 8: 477–485. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1461 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270

Relationship Between Surface-Based Brain Morphometric Measures and Intelligence in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Influence of History of Language Delay / Joana Bisol BALARDIN in Autism Research, 8-5 (October 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-5 (October 2015) . - p.556-566 Titre : Relationship Between Surface-Based Brain Morphometric Measures and Intelligence in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Influence of History of Language Delay Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Joana Bisol BALARDIN, Auteur ; João Ricardo SATO, Auteur ; Gilson VIEIRA, Auteur ; Yeu FENG, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; MRC AIMS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.556-566 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  Asperger syndrome  brain anatomy  intelligence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of conditions that show abnormalities in the neuroanatomy of multiple brain regions. The variability in the development of intelligence and language among individuals on the autism spectrum has long been acknowledged, but it remains unknown whether these differences impact on the neuropathology of ASD. In this study, we aimed to compare associations between surface-based regional brain measures and general intelligence (IQ) scores in ASD individuals with and without a history of language delay. We included 64 ASD adults of normal intelligence (37 without a history of language delay and 27 with a history of language delay and 80 neurotypicals). Regions with a significant association between verbal and nonverbal IQ and measures of cortical thickness (CT), surface area, and cortical volume were first identified in the combined sample of individuals with ASD and controls. Thicker dorsal frontal and temporal cortices, and thinner lateral orbital frontal and parieto-occipital cortices were associated with greater and lower verbal IQ scores, respectively. Correlations between cortical volume and verbal IQ were observed in similar regions as revealed by the CT analysis. A significant difference between ASD individuals with and without a history of language delay in the association between CT and verbal IQ was evident in the parieto-occipital region. These results indicate that ASD subgroups defined on the basis of differential language trajectories in childhood can have different associations between verbal IQ and brain measures in adulthood despite achieving similar levels of cognitive performance. Autism Res 2015, 8: 556–566. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1470 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270 [article] Relationship Between Surface-Based Brain Morphometric Measures and Intelligence in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Influence of History of Language Delay [texte imprimé] / Joana Bisol BALARDIN, Auteur ; João Ricardo SATO, Auteur ; Gilson VIEIRA, Auteur ; Yeu FENG, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; MRC AIMS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur . - p.556-566. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-5 (October 2015) . - p.556-566 Mots-clés : autism  Asperger syndrome  brain anatomy  intelligence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of conditions that show abnormalities in the neuroanatomy of multiple brain regions. The variability in the development of intelligence and language among individuals on the autism spectrum has long been acknowledged, but it remains unknown whether these differences impact on the neuropathology of ASD. In this study, we aimed to compare associations between surface-based regional brain measures and general intelligence (IQ) scores in ASD individuals with and without a history of language delay. We included 64 ASD adults of normal intelligence (37 without a history of language delay and 27 with a history of language delay and 80 neurotypicals). Regions with a significant association between verbal and nonverbal IQ and measures of cortical thickness (CT), surface area, and cortical volume were first identified in the combined sample of individuals with ASD and controls. Thicker dorsal frontal and temporal cortices, and thinner lateral orbital frontal and parieto-occipital cortices were associated with greater and lower verbal IQ scores, respectively. Correlations between cortical volume and verbal IQ were observed in similar regions as revealed by the CT analysis. A significant difference between ASD individuals with and without a history of language delay in the association between CT and verbal IQ was evident in the parieto-occipital region. These results indicate that ASD subgroups defined on the basis of differential language trajectories in childhood can have different associations between verbal IQ and brain measures in adulthood despite achieving similar levels of cognitive performance. Autism Res 2015, 8: 556–566. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1470 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270

Self-referential and social cognition in a case of autism and agenesis of the corpus callosum / Michael V. LOMBARDO in Molecular Autism, (November 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (November 2012) . - 15 p. Titre : Self-referential and social cognition in a case of autism and agenesis of the corpus callosum Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; MRC AIMS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 15 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Agenesis of the corpus callosum  Self  Theory of mind  Mentalizing  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:While models of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are emerging at the genetic level of analysis, clear models at higher levels of analysis, such as neuroanatomy, are lacking. Here we examine agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) as a model at the level of neuroanatomy that may be relevant for understanding self-referential and social-cognitive difficulties in ASC.METHODS:We examined performance on a wide array of tests in self-referential and social-cognitive domains in a patient with both AgCC and a diagnosis of ASC. Tests included a depth-of-processing memory paradigm with self-referential and social-cognitive manipulations, self-report measures of self-consciousness, alexithymia, and empathy, as well as performance measures of first-person pronoun usage and mentalizing ability. The performance of the AgCC patient was compared to a group of individuals with ASC but without AgCC and with neurotypical controls. These comparison groups come from a prior study where group differences were apparent across many measures. We used bootstrapping to assess whether the AgCC patient exhibited scores that were within or outside the 95% bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals observed in both comparison groups.RESULTS:Within the depth-of-processing memory paradigm, the AgCC patient showed decreased memory sensitivity that was more extreme than both comparison groups across all conditions. The patient's most pronounced difficulty on this task emerged in the social-cognitive domain related to information-processing about other people. The patient was similar to the ASC group in benefiting less from self-referential processing compared to the control group. Across a variety of other self-referential (i.e. alexithymia, private self-consciousness) and social-cognitive measures (i.e. self-reported imaginative and perspective-taking subscales of empathy, mentalizing), the AgCC patient also showed more extreme scores than those observed for both of the comparison groups. However, the AgCC patient scored within the range observed in the comparison groups on measures of first-person pronoun usage and self-reported affective empathy subscales.CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that AgCC co-occurring with a diagnosis of ASC may be a relevant model at the level of neuroanatomy for understanding mechanisms involved in self-referential and high-level social-cognitive difficulties in ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-14 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 [article] Self-referential and social cognition in a case of autism and agenesis of the corpus callosum [texte imprimé] / Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; MRC AIMS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - 15 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (November 2012) . - 15 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Agenesis of the corpus callosum  Self  Theory of mind  Mentalizing  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND:While models of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are emerging at the genetic level of analysis, clear models at higher levels of analysis, such as neuroanatomy, are lacking. Here we examine agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) as a model at the level of neuroanatomy that may be relevant for understanding self-referential and social-cognitive difficulties in ASC.METHODS:We examined performance on a wide array of tests in self-referential and social-cognitive domains in a patient with both AgCC and a diagnosis of ASC. Tests included a depth-of-processing memory paradigm with self-referential and social-cognitive manipulations, self-report measures of self-consciousness, alexithymia, and empathy, as well as performance measures of first-person pronoun usage and mentalizing ability. The performance of the AgCC patient was compared to a group of individuals with ASC but without AgCC and with neurotypical controls. These comparison groups come from a prior study where group differences were apparent across many measures. We used bootstrapping to assess whether the AgCC patient exhibited scores that were within or outside the 95% bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals observed in both comparison groups.RESULTS:Within the depth-of-processing memory paradigm, the AgCC patient showed decreased memory sensitivity that was more extreme than both comparison groups across all conditions. The patient's most pronounced difficulty on this task emerged in the social-cognitive domain related to information-processing about other people. The patient was similar to the ASC group in benefiting less from self-referential processing compared to the control group. Across a variety of other self-referential (i.e. alexithymia, private self-consciousness) and social-cognitive measures (i.e. self-reported imaginative and perspective-taking subscales of empathy, mentalizing), the AgCC patient also showed more extreme scores than those observed for both of the comparison groups. However, the AgCC patient scored within the range observed in the comparison groups on measures of first-person pronoun usage and self-reported affective empathy subscales.CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that AgCC co-occurring with a diagnosis of ASC may be a relevant model at the level of neuroanatomy for understanding mechanisms involved in self-referential and high-level social-cognitive difficulties in ASC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-14 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202

The Neuropsychology of Male Adults With High-Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome / C. Ellie WILSON in Autism Research, 7-5 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.568-581 Titre : The Neuropsychology of Male Adults With High-Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Sally J. WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Patrick JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Disa A. SAUTER, Auteur ; MRC AIMS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.568-581 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognitive profiles  autistic symptomatology  comorbid psychopathology  support vector machine classification  autistic subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is diagnosed on the basis of behavioral symptoms, but cognitive abilities may also be useful in characterizing individuals with ASD. One hundred seventy-eight high-functioning male adults, half with ASD and half without, completed tasks assessing IQ, a broad range of cognitive skills, and autistic and comorbid symptomatology. The aims of the study were, first, to determine whether significant differences existed between cases and controls on cognitive tasks, and whether cognitive profiles, derived using a multivariate classification method with data from multiple cognitive tasks, could distinguish between the two groups. Second, to establish whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of autistic symptom severity, and third, whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of comorbid psychopathology. Fourth, cognitive characteristics of individuals with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA) were compared. After controlling for IQ, ASD and control groups scored significantly differently on tasks of social cognition, motor performance, and executive function (P's  0.05). To investigate cognitive profiles, 12 variables were entered into a support vector machine (SVM), which achieved good classification accuracy (81%) at a level significantly better than chance (P  0.0001). After correcting for multiple correlations, there were no significant associations between cognitive performance and severity of either autistic or comorbid symptomatology. There were no significant differences between AS and HFA groups on the cognitive tasks. Cognitive classification models could be a useful aid to the diagnostic process when used in conjunction with other data sources—including clinical history. Autism Res 2014, 7: 568–581. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1394 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] The Neuropsychology of Male Adults With High-Functioning Autism or Asperger Syndrome [texte imprimé] / C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur ; Sally J. WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Michael V. LOMBARDO, Auteur ; Patrick JOHNSTON, Auteur ; Eileen DALY, Auteur ; Clodagh M. MURPHY, Auteur ; Debbie SPAIN, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Disa A. SAUTER, Auteur ; MRC AIMS CONSORTIUM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Declan G.M. MURPHY, Auteur . - p.568-581. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 7-5 (October 2014) . - p.568-581 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cognitive profiles  autistic symptomatology  comorbid psychopathology  support vector machine classification  autistic subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is diagnosed on the basis of behavioral symptoms, but cognitive abilities may also be useful in characterizing individuals with ASD. One hundred seventy-eight high-functioning male adults, half with ASD and half without, completed tasks assessing IQ, a broad range of cognitive skills, and autistic and comorbid symptomatology. The aims of the study were, first, to determine whether significant differences existed between cases and controls on cognitive tasks, and whether cognitive profiles, derived using a multivariate classification method with data from multiple cognitive tasks, could distinguish between the two groups. Second, to establish whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of autistic symptom severity, and third, whether cognitive skill level was correlated with degree of comorbid psychopathology. Fourth, cognitive characteristics of individuals with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA) were compared. After controlling for IQ, ASD and control groups scored significantly differently on tasks of social cognition, motor performance, and executive function (P's  0.05). To investigate cognitive profiles, 12 variables were entered into a support vector machine (SVM), which achieved good classification accuracy (81%) at a level significantly better than chance (P  0.0001). After correcting for multiple correlations, there were no significant associations between cognitive performance and severity of either autistic or comorbid symptomatology. There were no significant differences between AS and HFA groups on the cognitive tasks. Cognitive classification models could be a useful aid to the diagnostic process when used in conjunction with other data sources—including clinical history. Autism Res 2014, 7: 568–581. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1394 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

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