Are Sensory Processing Features Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Boys with an ASD? / Vicki BITSIKA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.242-252 Titre : Are Sensory Processing Features Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Boys with an ASD? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur ; Richard MILLS, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.242-252 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autisme masculin  Autism  Depression  Boys  Sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The association between Sensory Processing Features (SPF) and depressive symptoms was investigated at two levels in 150 young males (6–18 years) with an ASD. First, a significant correlation was found between SPF and total depressive symptom scores. Second, different aspects of SPF significantly predicted different depressive symptom factors, with Low Registration (or sensory hyposensitivity) being the most powerful predictor of depressive symptoms. There were also differences in these associations according to whether parents’ ratings or the boys’ self-reports were used to assess SPF and depressive symptoms. Implications for assessment and treatment of SPF-related depressive symptoms are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2569-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 [article] Are Sensory Processing Features Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Boys with an ASD? [texte imprimé] / Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur ; Richard MILLS, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.242-252. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.242-252 Mots-clés : Autisme masculin  Autism  Depression  Boys  Sensory processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The association between Sensory Processing Features (SPF) and depressive symptoms was investigated at two levels in 150 young males (6–18 years) with an ASD. First, a significant correlation was found between SPF and total depressive symptom scores. Second, different aspects of SPF significantly predicted different depressive symptom factors, with Low Registration (or sensory hyposensitivity) being the most powerful predictor of depressive symptoms. There were also differences in these associations according to whether parents’ ratings or the boys’ self-reports were used to assess SPF and depressive symptoms. Implications for assessment and treatment of SPF-related depressive symptoms are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2569-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278

Associations between sensory processing and depression in autistic girls / Vicki BITSIKA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 89 (November 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 89 (November 2021) . - 101881 Titre : Associations between sensory processing and depression in autistic girls Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur ; Richard MILLS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101881 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Girls  Sensory features  Depression  Depressed mood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autistic youth often experience depression, which can confound their social interactions as well as contribute to decreased quality of life. One of the possible correlates of depression in these youth is their sensitivity to sensory stimuli, which can be of several kinds, and is often referred to as Sensory Features (SF). Methods The association between SF (using the Sensory Profile (SPr)) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (as measured by the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory MDD subscale (CASI-D)) was investigated in 53 autistic girls and adolescents aged 6–17 yr, using total MDD scores and also the underlying components of MDD identified via Factor Analysis. Data were collected from the autistic females as well as one of their parents to compare these sources for their association between SF and MDD. Results Data from the SPr and the CASI-D revealed a significant correlation between SP and total scores from the CASI-D, although that association was not uniform across all four Quadrants of the SPr. Examination of the factor structure of the CASI-D revealed two major components, only one of which (Depressed Mood) was significantly associated with aspects of SPr. The data fitted a model of depression as a behavioural withdrawal from chronic stress as an attempted adaptation to that stress. Only the girls’ own evaluations of their SF made significant contributions to their Depressed Mood. Conclusions The link between SF and MDD in these girls may need to be based upon their own evaluations of their SF-related behaviour. Implications for assessment and treatment of SP-related MDD are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101881 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458 [article] Associations between sensory processing and depression in autistic girls [texte imprimé] / Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur ; Richard MILLS, Auteur . - 101881. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 89 (November 2021) . - 101881 Mots-clés : Autism  Girls  Sensory features  Depression  Depressed mood Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Autistic youth often experience depression, which can confound their social interactions as well as contribute to decreased quality of life. One of the possible correlates of depression in these youth is their sensitivity to sensory stimuli, which can be of several kinds, and is often referred to as Sensory Features (SF). Methods The association between SF (using the Sensory Profile (SPr)) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (as measured by the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory MDD subscale (CASI-D)) was investigated in 53 autistic girls and adolescents aged 6–17 yr, using total MDD scores and also the underlying components of MDD identified via Factor Analysis. Data were collected from the autistic females as well as one of their parents to compare these sources for their association between SF and MDD. Results Data from the SPr and the CASI-D revealed a significant correlation between SP and total scores from the CASI-D, although that association was not uniform across all four Quadrants of the SPr. Examination of the factor structure of the CASI-D revealed two major components, only one of which (Depressed Mood) was significantly associated with aspects of SPr. The data fitted a model of depression as a behavioural withdrawal from chronic stress as an attempted adaptation to that stress. Only the girls’ own evaluations of their SF made significant contributions to their Depressed Mood. Conclusions The link between SF and MDD in these girls may need to be based upon their own evaluations of their SF-related behaviour. Implications for assessment and treatment of SP-related MDD are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101881 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458

Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues / Wayne M. ARNOLD in Autism, 30-5 (May 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 30-5 (May 2026) . - p.1131-1146 Titre : Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wayne M. ARNOLD, Auteur ; Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1131-1146 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  conceptualisation  masking  measurement  validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that there is poor clarity of the ‘camouflaging’ concept in autism research, and potential confounding of its measurement tools, such as the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q). A critical review of 389 studies was conducted to investigate these potential conceptual and methodological issues. The findings question whether the same construct has been investigated across studies, as there is inconsistency in: (a) which terms are used; (b) reference made to established conceptual literature; (c) how terms are used (e.g. interchangeably or distinctly); and (d) how terms are defined. Although the CAT-Q has excellent reliability, there is mixed support for its validity, which is evidenced by its confounding by other constructs (e.g. social anxiety) and its limited autism-specificity. The validity of informant discrepancy measures of camouflaging is also questioned due to insufficient reference to established methodology. Finally, the generalisability of camouflaging to the overall autistic population is unclear due to: (a) overrepresentation of autistic females diagnosed during adulthood; and (b) underrepresentation of autistic people with co-occurring intellectual or language difficulties, and those with greater support needs. These issues are considered both in terms of their clinical relevance and how future research might resolve them.Lay Abstract Many autistic people have reported using ‘camouflaging’ strategies to adapt or cope within the non-autistic social world and avoid being negatively judged by other people. However, many terms have been used synonymously with camouflaging, such as masking, compensation and impression management. Due to this confusion about which terms to use, there is some suggestion that there is poor clarity and understanding of the camouflaging concept, and that this may contribute to inaccuracy of the tools used to measure this behaviour. We review 389 previous studies to examine these concerns. Our findings confirm this lack of clarity by showing that studies are inconsistent in: (a) which terms they used to refer to behavioural strategies that resemble camouflaging; (b) whether they referred to existing literature; (c) whether they used different terms to refer to the same concept or to separate types of behaviour; and (d) how they defined the terms that they used. Our findings also question the accuracy of camouflaging measurement tools, as these tools may also be measuring other behaviours (e.g. social anxiety) that are not only experienced by autistic people. We also find that camouflaging studies have mostly focused on autistic females with no accompanying cognitive or language difficulties, and who have received their diagnosis in adulthood. Although camouflaging may contribute to the underdiagnosis of some autistic females, most autistic people are male and are diagnosed during early childhood, and a large number of autistic people do experience those other difficulties. Because of this, it is not clear whether the findings of previous camouflaging studies can apply to all autistic people. We provide some suggestions for how researchers might resolve some of these issues in their future studies, and we consider what the findings mean for clinicians who work with autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613261420085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=585 [article] Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues [texte imprimé] / Wayne M. ARNOLD, Auteur ; Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur . - p.1131-1146. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 30-5 (May 2026) . - p.1131-1146 Mots-clés : autism  camouflaging  conceptualisation  masking  measurement  validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been suggested that there is poor clarity of the ‘camouflaging’ concept in autism research, and potential confounding of its measurement tools, such as the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q). A critical review of 389 studies was conducted to investigate these potential conceptual and methodological issues. The findings question whether the same construct has been investigated across studies, as there is inconsistency in: (a) which terms are used; (b) reference made to established conceptual literature; (c) how terms are used (e.g. interchangeably or distinctly); and (d) how terms are defined. Although the CAT-Q has excellent reliability, there is mixed support for its validity, which is evidenced by its confounding by other constructs (e.g. social anxiety) and its limited autism-specificity. The validity of informant discrepancy measures of camouflaging is also questioned due to insufficient reference to established methodology. Finally, the generalisability of camouflaging to the overall autistic population is unclear due to: (a) overrepresentation of autistic females diagnosed during adulthood; and (b) underrepresentation of autistic people with co-occurring intellectual or language difficulties, and those with greater support needs. These issues are considered both in terms of their clinical relevance and how future research might resolve them.Lay Abstract Many autistic people have reported using ‘camouflaging’ strategies to adapt or cope within the non-autistic social world and avoid being negatively judged by other people. However, many terms have been used synonymously with camouflaging, such as masking, compensation and impression management. Due to this confusion about which terms to use, there is some suggestion that there is poor clarity and understanding of the camouflaging concept, and that this may contribute to inaccuracy of the tools used to measure this behaviour. We review 389 previous studies to examine these concerns. Our findings confirm this lack of clarity by showing that studies are inconsistent in: (a) which terms they used to refer to behavioural strategies that resemble camouflaging; (b) whether they referred to existing literature; (c) whether they used different terms to refer to the same concept or to separate types of behaviour; and (d) how they defined the terms that they used. Our findings also question the accuracy of camouflaging measurement tools, as these tools may also be measuring other behaviours (e.g. social anxiety) that are not only experienced by autistic people. We also find that camouflaging studies have mostly focused on autistic females with no accompanying cognitive or language difficulties, and who have received their diagnosis in adulthood. Although camouflaging may contribute to the underdiagnosis of some autistic females, most autistic people are male and are diagnosed during early childhood, and a large number of autistic people do experience those other difficulties. Because of this, it is not clear whether the findings of previous camouflaging studies can apply to all autistic people. We provide some suggestions for how researchers might resolve some of these issues in their future studies, and we consider what the findings mean for clinicians who work with autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613261420085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=585

Disagreement between mothers’ and their sons’ with an ASD on ratings of Sensory Features / Vicki BITSIKA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 22 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 22 (February 2016) . - p.10-19 Titre : Disagreement between mothers’ and their sons’ with an ASD on ratings of Sensory Features Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur ; Richard MILLS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.10-19 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  Sensory Features  Children  Adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To test for the presence of any significant differences in the assessment of Sensory Features (SF) given by the two sources, 135 boys with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were self-assessed and also assessed by their mothers using versions of the Sensory Profile (Dunn, 1999) to measure four sensory quadrants and six sensory domains. MANOVA indicated that mothers rated their sons’ SF significantly less severely than the boys did themselves and that younger boys received more severe ratings from their mothers than older boys did. There was a significant interaction between source of assessment and age of the boys, due to the mothers assessing their older sons’ SF less severely than their younger sons but the sons showing the opposite trend in self-ratings. These findings challenge the validity of clinical assessments of SF that are based solely upon parents’ ratings and argue for a more comprehensive approach to diagnosing the presence and severity of SF in boys with an ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.09.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 [article] Disagreement between mothers’ and their sons’ with an ASD on ratings of Sensory Features [texte imprimé] / Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur ; Richard MILLS, Auteur . - p.10-19. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 22 (February 2016) . - p.10-19 Mots-clés : ASD  Sensory Features  Children  Adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To test for the presence of any significant differences in the assessment of Sensory Features (SF) given by the two sources, 135 boys with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were self-assessed and also assessed by their mothers using versions of the Sensory Profile (Dunn, 1999) to measure four sensory quadrants and six sensory domains. MANOVA indicated that mothers rated their sons’ SF significantly less severely than the boys did themselves and that younger boys received more severe ratings from their mothers than older boys did. There was a significant interaction between source of assessment and age of the boys, due to the mothers assessing their older sons’ SF less severely than their younger sons but the sons showing the opposite trend in self-ratings. These findings challenge the validity of clinical assessments of SF that are based solely upon parents’ ratings and argue for a more comprehensive approach to diagnosing the presence and severity of SF in boys with an ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.09.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278

Effects of Diagnostic Severity upon Sex Differences in Behavioural Profiles of Young Males and Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Vicki BITSIKA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-11 (November 2019) . - p.4429-4440 Titre : Effects of Diagnostic Severity upon Sex Differences in Behavioural Profiles of Young Males and Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4429-4440 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Behavioural profiles  Diagnostic severity  Sex differences  Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To determine if diagnostic severity of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affected sex differences in the detailed ASD-related behavioural profiles of young males and female, two samples of males and females with a diagnosis of ASD, aged between 6 and 17 years, were compared across the 65 items of the Social Responsiveness Scale (2nd ed.). Results are reported for a sample of males and females matched on age and IQ (n = 51 pairs) and a smaller sample matched on age, IQ and ADOS-2 severity (n = 32 pairs). ASD-related behaviours from the SRS-2 that were significantly and meaningfully different across sexes were identified for both samples. ADOS-2 diagnostic severity was associated with different sets of sex-based differences in SRS-2 item scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04159-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Effects of Diagnostic Severity upon Sex Differences in Behavioural Profiles of Young Males and Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / Vicki BITSIKA, Auteur ; Christopher F. SHARPLEY, Auteur . - p.4429-4440. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-11 (November 2019) . - p.4429-4440 Mots-clés : Autism  Behavioural profiles  Diagnostic severity  Sex differences  Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To determine if diagnostic severity of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affected sex differences in the detailed ASD-related behavioural profiles of young males and female, two samples of males and females with a diagnosis of ASD, aged between 6 and 17 years, were compared across the 65 items of the Social Responsiveness Scale (2nd ed.). Results are reported for a sample of males and females matched on age and IQ (n = 51 pairs) and a smaller sample matched on age, IQ and ADOS-2 severity (n = 32 pairs). ASD-related behaviours from the SRS-2 that were significantly and meaningfully different across sexes were identified for both samples. ADOS-2 diagnostic severity was associated with different sets of sex-based differences in SRS-2 item scores. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04159-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Girls’ cortisol concentrations, mothers’ anxiety, and self- versus parent-ratings of autistic girls’ anxiety / Vicki BITSIKA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 81 (March 2021)  

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Incidence, profiles and correlates of the Cortisol Awakening Response in high-functioning young males with ASD / Christopher F. SHARPLEY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 57 (January 2019)  

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Is Bullying Associated with Emerging School Refusal in Autistic Boys? / Vicki BITSIKA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-4 (April 2021)  

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Matrix Reasoning and Anhedonic Depression in Male Adolescents with Autism / Christopher F. SHARPLEY in Autism - Open Access, 8-1 ([01/01/2018])  

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Self- vs Parent Reports of Generalised Anxiety Disorder Symptomatology in Mildly Impaired Girls with an Autism Spectrum Disorder / Vicki BITSIKA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-3 (March 2020)  

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Sex differences in Sensory Features between boys and girls with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Vicki BITSIKA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 51 (July 2018)  

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A test of the ‘parent distortion’ hypothesis when assessing generalised anxiety disorder in boys with an autism spectrum disorder / Vicki BITSIKA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 15-16 (July 2015)  

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The Role of Sensory Features in Mediating Associations Between Autism Symptoms and Anxiety in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Vicki BITSIKA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-7 (July 2020)  

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''They don?t understand how bad I feel'': Inconsistencies between mother-rated and self-rated symptoms of depression in autistic girls / Vicki BITSIKA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 104 (June 2023)  

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Variation in the Profile of Anxiety Disorders in Boys with an ASD According to Method and Source of Assessment / Vicki BITSIKA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-6 (June 2015)  

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