Biochemistry of the cingulate cortex in autism: An MR spectroscopy study / Lauren E. LIBERO in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.643-657 Titre : Biochemistry of the cingulate cortex in autism: An MR spectroscopy study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Meredith A. REID, Auteur ; David M. WHITE, Auteur ; Nouha SALIBI, Auteur ; Adrienne C. LAHTI, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.643-657 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cingulate cortex  1H-MRS  MR spectroscopy  neurochemicals  biochemistry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuroimaging studies have uncovered structural and functional alterations in the cingulate cortex in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Such abnormalities may underlie neurochemical imbalance. In order to characterize the neurochemical profile, the current study examined the concentration of brain metabolites in dorsal ACC (dACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in high-functioning adults with ASD. Twenty high-functioning adults with ASD and 20 age-and-IQ-matched typically developing (TD) peers participated in this Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) study. LCModel was used in analyzing the spectra to measure the levels of N-Acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) in dACC and PCC. Groups were compared using means for the ratio of each metabolite to their respective Cr levels as well as on absolute internal-water-referenced measures of each metabolite. There was a significant increase in Cho in PCC for ASD adults, with a marginal increase in dACC. A reduction in NAA/Cr in dACC was found in ASD participants, compared to their TD peers. No significant differences in Glx/Cr or Cho/Cr were found in dACC. There were no statistically significant group differences in the absolute concentration of NAA, Cr, Glx, or NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and Glx/Cr in the PCC. Differences in the metabolic properties of dACC compared to PCC were also found. Results of this study provide evidence for possible cellular and metabolic differences in the dACC and PCC in adults with ASD. This may suggest neuronal dysfunction in these regions and may contribute to the neuropathology of ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 643–657. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1562 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 [article] Biochemistry of the cingulate cortex in autism: An MR spectroscopy study [texte imprimé] / Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Meredith A. REID, Auteur ; David M. WHITE, Auteur ; Nouha SALIBI, Auteur ; Adrienne C. LAHTI, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur . - p.643-657. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.643-657 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  cingulate cortex  1H-MRS  MR spectroscopy  neurochemicals  biochemistry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuroimaging studies have uncovered structural and functional alterations in the cingulate cortex in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Such abnormalities may underlie neurochemical imbalance. In order to characterize the neurochemical profile, the current study examined the concentration of brain metabolites in dorsal ACC (dACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in high-functioning adults with ASD. Twenty high-functioning adults with ASD and 20 age-and-IQ-matched typically developing (TD) peers participated in this Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) study. LCModel was used in analyzing the spectra to measure the levels of N-Acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) in dACC and PCC. Groups were compared using means for the ratio of each metabolite to their respective Cr levels as well as on absolute internal-water-referenced measures of each metabolite. There was a significant increase in Cho in PCC for ASD adults, with a marginal increase in dACC. A reduction in NAA/Cr in dACC was found in ASD participants, compared to their TD peers. No significant differences in Glx/Cr or Cho/Cr were found in dACC. There were no statistically significant group differences in the absolute concentration of NAA, Cr, Glx, or NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and Glx/Cr in the PCC. Differences in the metabolic properties of dACC compared to PCC were also found. Results of this study provide evidence for possible cellular and metabolic differences in the dACC and PCC in adults with ASD. This may suggest neuronal dysfunction in these regions and may contribute to the neuropathology of ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 643–657. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1562 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290

Fear Potentiated Startle in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Association With Anxiety Symptoms and Amygdala Volume / David HESSL in Autism Research, 14-3 (March 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-3 (March 2021) . - p.450-463 Titre : Fear Potentiated Startle in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Association With Anxiety Symptoms and Amygdala Volume Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David HESSL, Auteur ; Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Andrea SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Breanna WINDER-PATEL, Auteur ; Brianna HEATH, Auteur ; Joshua K. LEE, Auteur ; Cory COLEMAN, Auteur ; Natasha SHARMA, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.450-463 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mri  anxiety  autism  autistic  fear conditioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical responses to fearful stimuli and the presence of various forms of anxiety are commonly seen in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The fear potentiated startle paradigm (FPS), which has been studied both in relation to anxiety and as a probe for amygdala function, was carried out in 97 children aged 9-14 years including 48 (12 female) with ASD and 49 (14 female) with typical development (TD). In addition, exploratory analyses were conducted examining the association between FPS and amygdala volume as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging in a subset of the children with ASD with or without an anxiety disorder with available MRI data. While the startle latency was increased in the children with ASD, there was no group difference in FPS. FPS was not significantly associated with traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) or "autism distinct" forms of anxiety. Within the autism group, FPS was negatively correlated with amygdala volume. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the association between FPS and anxiety severity was significantly moderated by the size of the amygdala, such that the association between FPS and anxiety was significantly more positive in children with larger amygdalas than smaller amygdalas. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of emotional reactivity associated with ASD and the difficulties in establishing biologically meaningful probes of altered brain function. LAY SUMMARY: Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have additional problems such as anxiety that can greatly impact their lives. How these co-occurring symptoms develop is not well understood. We studied the amygdala, a region of the brain critical for processing fear and a laboratory method called fear potentiated startle for measuring fear conditioning, in children with ASD (with and without an anxiety disorder) and typically developing children. Results showed that the connection between fear conditioning and anxiety is dependent on the size of the amygdala in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2460 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443 [article] Fear Potentiated Startle in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Association With Anxiety Symptoms and Amygdala Volume [texte imprimé] / David HESSL, Auteur ; Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Andrea SCHNEIDER, Auteur ; Connor M. KERNS, Auteur ; Breanna WINDER-PATEL, Auteur ; Brianna HEATH, Auteur ; Joshua K. LEE, Auteur ; Cory COLEMAN, Auteur ; Natasha SHARMA, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur . - p.450-463. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-3 (March 2021) . - p.450-463 Mots-clés : Mri  anxiety  autism  autistic  fear conditioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical responses to fearful stimuli and the presence of various forms of anxiety are commonly seen in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The fear potentiated startle paradigm (FPS), which has been studied both in relation to anxiety and as a probe for amygdala function, was carried out in 97 children aged 9-14 years including 48 (12 female) with ASD and 49 (14 female) with typical development (TD). In addition, exploratory analyses were conducted examining the association between FPS and amygdala volume as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging in a subset of the children with ASD with or without an anxiety disorder with available MRI data. While the startle latency was increased in the children with ASD, there was no group difference in FPS. FPS was not significantly associated with traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) or "autism distinct" forms of anxiety. Within the autism group, FPS was negatively correlated with amygdala volume. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the association between FPS and anxiety severity was significantly moderated by the size of the amygdala, such that the association between FPS and anxiety was significantly more positive in children with larger amygdalas than smaller amygdalas. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of emotional reactivity associated with ASD and the difficulties in establishing biologically meaningful probes of altered brain function. LAY SUMMARY: Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have additional problems such as anxiety that can greatly impact their lives. How these co-occurring symptoms develop is not well understood. We studied the amygdala, a region of the brain critical for processing fear and a laboratory method called fear potentiated startle for measuring fear conditioning, in children with ASD (with and without an anxiety disorder) and typically developing children. Results showed that the connection between fear conditioning and anxiety is dependent on the size of the amygdala in children with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2460 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443

In pursuit of neurophenotypes: The consequences of having autism and a big brain / David G. AMARAL in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.711-722 Titre : In pursuit of neurophenotypes: The consequences of having autism and a big brain Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David G. AMARAL, Auteur ; Deana LI, Auteur ; Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Judy VAN DE WATER, Auteur ; Ann M. MASTERGEORGE, Auteur ; Letitia R. NAIGLES, Auteur ; Sally J. ROGERS, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.711-722 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : brain development  magnetic resonance imaging  megalencephaly  phenotype  subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A consensus has emerged that despite common core features, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has multiple etiologies and various genetic and biological characteristics. The fact that there are likely to be subtypes of ASD has complicated attempts to develop effective therapies. The UC Davis MIND Institute Autism Phenome Project is a longitudinal, multidisciplinary analysis of children with autism and age-matched typically developing controls; nearly 400 families are participating in this study. The overarching goal is to gather sufficient biological, medical, and behavioral data to allow definition of clinically meaningful subtypes of ASD. One reasonable hypothesis is that different subtypes of autism will demonstrate different patterns of altered brain organization or development i.e., different neurophenotypes. In this Commentary, we discuss one neurophenotype that is defined by megalencephaly, or having brain size that is large and disproportionate to body size. We have found that 15% of the boys with autism demonstrate this neurophenotype, though it is far less common in girls. We review behavioral and medical characteristics of the large-brained group of boys with autism in comparison to those with typically sized brains. While brain size in typically developing individuals is positively correlated with cognitive function, the children with autism and larger brains have more severe disabilities and poorer prognosis. This research indicates that phenotyping in autism, like genotyping, requires a very substantial cohort of subjects. Moreover, since brain and behavior relationships may emerge at different times during development, this effort highlights the need for longitudinal analyses to carry out meaningful phenotyping. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1755 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] In pursuit of neurophenotypes: The consequences of having autism and a big brain [texte imprimé] / David G. AMARAL, Auteur ; Deana LI, Auteur ; Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Marjorie SOLOMON, Auteur ; Judy VAN DE WATER, Auteur ; Ann M. MASTERGEORGE, Auteur ; Letitia R. NAIGLES, Auteur ; Sally J. ROGERS, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur . - p.711-722. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.711-722 Mots-clés : brain development  magnetic resonance imaging  megalencephaly  phenotype  subtypes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A consensus has emerged that despite common core features, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has multiple etiologies and various genetic and biological characteristics. The fact that there are likely to be subtypes of ASD has complicated attempts to develop effective therapies. The UC Davis MIND Institute Autism Phenome Project is a longitudinal, multidisciplinary analysis of children with autism and age-matched typically developing controls; nearly 400 families are participating in this study. The overarching goal is to gather sufficient biological, medical, and behavioral data to allow definition of clinically meaningful subtypes of ASD. One reasonable hypothesis is that different subtypes of autism will demonstrate different patterns of altered brain organization or development i.e., different neurophenotypes. In this Commentary, we discuss one neurophenotype that is defined by megalencephaly, or having brain size that is large and disproportionate to body size. We have found that 15% of the boys with autism demonstrate this neurophenotype, though it is far less common in girls. We review behavioral and medical characteristics of the large-brained group of boys with autism in comparison to those with typically sized brains. While brain size in typically developing individuals is positively correlated with cognitive function, the children with autism and larger brains have more severe disabilities and poorer prognosis. This research indicates that phenotyping in autism, like genotyping, requires a very substantial cohort of subjects. Moreover, since brain and behavior relationships may emerge at different times during development, this effort highlights the need for longitudinal analyses to carry out meaningful phenotyping. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1755 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Macrocephaly and megalencephaly in autism spectrum disorder / Lauren E. LIBERO

Public ISBD in Autism imaging and Devices / Manuel F. CASANOVA Titre : Macrocephaly and megalencephaly in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; Deana LI, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur Importance : p.171-188 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=382 in Autism imaging and Devices / Manuel F. CASANOVA Macrocephaly and megalencephaly in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; Deana LI, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur . - [s.d.] . - p.171-188. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=382

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Persistence of megalencephaly in a subgroup of young boys with autism spectrum disorder / Lauren E. LIBERO in Autism Research, 9-11 (November 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-11 (November 2016) . - p.1169-1182 Titre : Persistence of megalencephaly in a subgroup of young boys with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; Deana LI, Auteur ; Emilio FERRER, Auteur ; Sally J. ROGERS, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1169-1182 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  MRI  longitudinal  brain development  disproportionate megalencephaly Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A recurring finding in autism spectrum disorder research is that head and brain growth is disproportionate to body growth in early childhood. Nordahl et al. (2011) demonstrated that this occurs in approximately 15% of boys with autism. While the literature suggests that brain growth normalizes at older ages, this has never been evaluated in a longitudinal study. The current study evaluated head circumference and total cerebral volume in 129 male children with autism and 49 age-matched, typically developing controls. We determined whether 3-year-old boys with brain size disproportionate to height (which we call disproportionate megalencephaly) demonstrated an abnormal trajectory of head growth from birth and whether they maintained an enlarged brain at 5 years of age. Findings were based on longitudinal, structural MRI data collected around 3, 4, and 5 years of age and head circumference data from medical records. At 3 years of age, 19 boys with autism had enlarged brains while 110 had brain sizes in the normal range. Boys with disproportionate megalencephaly had greater total cerebral, gray matter, and white matter volumes from 3–5 years compared to boys with autism and normal sized brains and typically developing boys, but no differences in body size. While head circumference did not differ between groups at birth, it was significantly greater in the disproportionate megalencephaly group by around 2 years. These data suggest that there is a subgroup of boys with autism who have brains disproportionate to body size and that this continues until at least 5 years of age. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1643 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297 [article] Persistence of megalencephaly in a subgroup of young boys with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Christine W. NORDAHL, Auteur ; Deana LI, Auteur ; Emilio FERRER, Auteur ; Sally J. ROGERS, Auteur ; David G. AMARAL, Auteur . - p.1169-1182. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-11 (November 2016) . - p.1169-1182 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  MRI  longitudinal  brain development  disproportionate megalencephaly Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A recurring finding in autism spectrum disorder research is that head and brain growth is disproportionate to body growth in early childhood. Nordahl et al. (2011) demonstrated that this occurs in approximately 15% of boys with autism. While the literature suggests that brain growth normalizes at older ages, this has never been evaluated in a longitudinal study. The current study evaluated head circumference and total cerebral volume in 129 male children with autism and 49 age-matched, typically developing controls. We determined whether 3-year-old boys with brain size disproportionate to height (which we call disproportionate megalencephaly) demonstrated an abnormal trajectory of head growth from birth and whether they maintained an enlarged brain at 5 years of age. Findings were based on longitudinal, structural MRI data collected around 3, 4, and 5 years of age and head circumference data from medical records. At 3 years of age, 19 boys with autism had enlarged brains while 110 had brain sizes in the normal range. Boys with disproportionate megalencephaly had greater total cerebral, gray matter, and white matter volumes from 3–5 years compared to boys with autism and normal sized brains and typically developing boys, but no differences in body size. While head circumference did not differ between groups at birth, it was significantly greater in the disproportionate megalencephaly group by around 2 years. These data suggest that there is a subgroup of boys with autism who have brains disproportionate to body size and that this continues until at least 5 years of age. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1643 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297

The role of mirroring and mentalizing networks in mediating action intentions in autism / Lauren E. LIBERO in Molecular Autism, (October 2014)  

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What will my child's future hold? phenotypes of intellectual development in 2–8‐year‐olds with autism spectrum disorder / Marjorie SOLOMON in Autism Research, 11-1 (January 2018)  

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