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Autism Research . 9-6Paru le : 01/06/2016 |
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[n° ou bulletin]
9-6 - June 2016 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2016. Langues : Anglais (eng)
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[article]
Titre : Issue Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.597-600 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1551 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.597-600[article] Issue Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.597-600.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.597-600
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1551 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Prevalence of School Bullying Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / Christophe MAIANO in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Prevalence of School Bullying Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christophe MAIANO, Auteur ; Claude L. NORMAND, Auteur ; Marie-Claude SALVAS, Auteur ; Grégory MOULLEC, Auteur ; Annie AIME, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.601-615 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : bullying school victimization perpetration prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The true extent of school bullying among youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains an underexplored area. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to: (a) assess the proportion of school-aged youth with ASD involved in school bullying as perpetrators, victims or both; (b) examine whether the observed prevalence estimates vary when different sources of heterogeneity related to the participants' characteristics and to the assessment methods are considered; and (c) compare the risk of school bullying between youth with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers. A systematic literature search was performed and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The resulting pooled prevalence estimate for general school bullying perpetration, victimization and both was 10%, 44%, and 16%, respectively. Pooled prevalence was also estimated for physical, verbal, and relational school victimization and was 33%, 50%, and 31%, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analyses showed significant variations in the pooled prevalence by geographic location, school setting, information source, type of measures, assessment time frame, and bullying frequency criterion. Finally, school-aged youth with ASD were found to be at greater risk of school victimization in general, as well as verbal bullying, than their TD peers. Autism Res 2016, 9: 601–615. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1568 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.601-615[article] Prevalence of School Bullying Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christophe MAIANO, Auteur ; Claude L. NORMAND, Auteur ; Marie-Claude SALVAS, Auteur ; Grégory MOULLEC, Auteur ; Annie AIME, Auteur . - p.601-615.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.601-615
Mots-clés : bullying school victimization perpetration prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The true extent of school bullying among youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains an underexplored area. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to: (a) assess the proportion of school-aged youth with ASD involved in school bullying as perpetrators, victims or both; (b) examine whether the observed prevalence estimates vary when different sources of heterogeneity related to the participants' characteristics and to the assessment methods are considered; and (c) compare the risk of school bullying between youth with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers. A systematic literature search was performed and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The resulting pooled prevalence estimate for general school bullying perpetration, victimization and both was 10%, 44%, and 16%, respectively. Pooled prevalence was also estimated for physical, verbal, and relational school victimization and was 33%, 50%, and 31%, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analyses showed significant variations in the pooled prevalence by geographic location, school setting, information source, type of measures, assessment time frame, and bullying frequency criterion. Finally, school-aged youth with ASD were found to be at greater risk of school victimization in general, as well as verbal bullying, than their TD peers. Autism Res 2016, 9: 601–615. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1568 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Altered tactile processing in children with autism spectrum disorder / Teresa TAVASSOLI in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Altered tactile processing in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Katherine BELLESHEIM, Auteur ; Mark TOMMERDAHL, Auteur ; Jameson M. HOLDEN, Auteur ; Alexander KOLEVZON, Auteur ; Joseph D. BUXBAUM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.616-620 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : tactile processing inhibition autism spectrum disorder GABA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although tactile reactivity issues are commonly reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Less feed-forward inhibition has been proposed as a potential mechanism for some symptoms of ASD. We tested static and dynamic tactile thresholds as a behavioral proxy of feed-forward inhibition in 42 children (21 children with ASD and 21 typically developing [TD] children). Subthreshold conditioning typically raises the dynamic detection threshold, thus comparison of the dynamic to the static threshold generates a metric that predicts gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated feed-forward inhibition. Children with ASD had marginally higher static thresholds and a significantly lower ratio between thresholds as compared with TD children. The lower ratio, only seen in children with ASD, might be indicative of less inhibition. Static thresholds were correlated with autism spectrum quotient scores, indicating the higher the tactile threshold, the more ASD traits. The amount of feed-forward inhibition (ratio between dynamic/static) was negatively correlated with autism diagnostic observation schedule repetitive behavior scores, meaning the less inhibition the more ASD symptoms. In summary, children with ASD showed altered tactile processing compared with TD children; thus measuring static and dynamic thresholds could be a potential biomarker for ASD and might be useful for prediction of treatment response with therapeutics, including those that target the GABAergic system. Autism Res 2016, 9: 616–620. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1563 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.616-620[article] Altered tactile processing in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Katherine BELLESHEIM, Auteur ; Mark TOMMERDAHL, Auteur ; Jameson M. HOLDEN, Auteur ; Alexander KOLEVZON, Auteur ; Joseph D. BUXBAUM, Auteur . - p.616-620.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.616-620
Mots-clés : tactile processing inhibition autism spectrum disorder GABA Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although tactile reactivity issues are commonly reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Less feed-forward inhibition has been proposed as a potential mechanism for some symptoms of ASD. We tested static and dynamic tactile thresholds as a behavioral proxy of feed-forward inhibition in 42 children (21 children with ASD and 21 typically developing [TD] children). Subthreshold conditioning typically raises the dynamic detection threshold, thus comparison of the dynamic to the static threshold generates a metric that predicts gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated feed-forward inhibition. Children with ASD had marginally higher static thresholds and a significantly lower ratio between thresholds as compared with TD children. The lower ratio, only seen in children with ASD, might be indicative of less inhibition. Static thresholds were correlated with autism spectrum quotient scores, indicating the higher the tactile threshold, the more ASD traits. The amount of feed-forward inhibition (ratio between dynamic/static) was negatively correlated with autism diagnostic observation schedule repetitive behavior scores, meaning the less inhibition the more ASD symptoms. In summary, children with ASD showed altered tactile processing compared with TD children; thus measuring static and dynamic thresholds could be a potential biomarker for ASD and might be useful for prediction of treatment response with therapeutics, including those that target the GABAergic system. Autism Res 2016, 9: 616–620. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1563 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Altered kynurenine pathway metabolism in autism: Implication for immune-induced glutamatergic activity / Chai K. LIM in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Altered kynurenine pathway metabolism in autism: Implication for immune-induced glutamatergic activity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chai K. LIM, Auteur ; Musthafa M. ESSA, Auteur ; Roberta DE PAULA MARTINS, Auteur ; David B. LOVEJOY, Auteur ; Ayse A. BILGIN, Auteur ; Mostafa I. WALY, Auteur ; Yahya M. AL-FARSI, Auteur ; Marwan M. AL-SHARBATI, Auteur ; Mohammed A. AL-SHAFFAE, Auteur ; Gilles J. GUILLEMIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.621-631 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : kynurenine pathway quinolinic acid excitotoxicity autism neuroinflammation glutamatergic activity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dysfunction of the serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems is implicated in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) together with various neuroinflammatory mediators. As the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation is activated in neuroinflammatory states, we hypothesized that there may be a link between inflammation in ASD and enhanced KP activation resulting in reduced serotonin synthesis from tryptophan and production of KP metabolites capable of modulating glutamatergic activity. A cross-sectional study of 15 different Omani families with newly diagnosed children with ASD (n?=?15) and their age-matched healthy siblings (n?=?12) was designed. Immunological profile and the KP metabolic signature were characterized in the study participants. Our data indicated that there were alterations to the KP in ASD. Specifically, increased production of the downstream metabolite, quinolinic acid, which is capable of enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission was noted. Correlation studies also demonstrated that the presence of inflammation induced KP activation in ASD. Until now, previous studies have failed to establish a link between inflammation, glutamatergic activity, and the KP. Our findings also suggest that increased quinolinic acid may be linked to 16p11.2 mutations leading to abnormal glutamatergic activity associated with ASD pathogenesis and may help rationalize the efficacy of sulforaphane treatment in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 621–631. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.621-631[article] Altered kynurenine pathway metabolism in autism: Implication for immune-induced glutamatergic activity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chai K. LIM, Auteur ; Musthafa M. ESSA, Auteur ; Roberta DE PAULA MARTINS, Auteur ; David B. LOVEJOY, Auteur ; Ayse A. BILGIN, Auteur ; Mostafa I. WALY, Auteur ; Yahya M. AL-FARSI, Auteur ; Marwan M. AL-SHARBATI, Auteur ; Mohammed A. AL-SHAFFAE, Auteur ; Gilles J. GUILLEMIN, Auteur . - p.621-631.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.621-631
Mots-clés : kynurenine pathway quinolinic acid excitotoxicity autism neuroinflammation glutamatergic activity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Dysfunction of the serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems is implicated in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) together with various neuroinflammatory mediators. As the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation is activated in neuroinflammatory states, we hypothesized that there may be a link between inflammation in ASD and enhanced KP activation resulting in reduced serotonin synthesis from tryptophan and production of KP metabolites capable of modulating glutamatergic activity. A cross-sectional study of 15 different Omani families with newly diagnosed children with ASD (n?=?15) and their age-matched healthy siblings (n?=?12) was designed. Immunological profile and the KP metabolic signature were characterized in the study participants. Our data indicated that there were alterations to the KP in ASD. Specifically, increased production of the downstream metabolite, quinolinic acid, which is capable of enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission was noted. Correlation studies also demonstrated that the presence of inflammation induced KP activation in ASD. Until now, previous studies have failed to establish a link between inflammation, glutamatergic activity, and the KP. Our findings also suggest that increased quinolinic acid may be linked to 16p11.2 mutations leading to abnormal glutamatergic activity associated with ASD pathogenesis and may help rationalize the efficacy of sulforaphane treatment in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 621–631. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1565 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 School-age outcomes of infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder / Meghan MILLER in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : School-age outcomes of infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Ana-Maria IOSIF, Auteur ; Gregory S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Monique HILL, Auteur ; Elise PHELPS HANZEL, Auteur ; Ted HUTMAN, Auteur ; Scott JOHNSON, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.632-642 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder broader autism phenotype psychopathology siblings school-age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies of infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have proliferated, but few of these samples have been followed longer-term. We conducted a follow-up study, at age 5.5–9 years, of younger siblings of children with ASD (high-risk group, n?=?79) or typical development (low-risk group, n?=?60), originally recruited as infants. Children with ASD were excluded because of the focus on understanding the range of non-ASD outcomes among high-risk siblings. Using examiner ratings, parent ratings, and standardized assessments, we evaluated differences in clinical outcomes, psychopathology symptoms, autism symptoms, language skills, and nonverbal cognitive abilities. After adjusting for covariates, the high-risk group had increased odds of any clinically elevated/impaired score across measures relative to the low-risk group (43% vs. 12%, respectively). The high-risk group also had increased odds of examiner-rated Clinical Concerns (CC) outcomes (e.g., ADHD concerns, broader autism phenotype, speech-language difficulties, anxiety/mood problems, learning problems) relative to the low-risk group (38% vs. 13%, respectively). The high-risk group with CC outcomes had higher parent-reported psychopathology and autism symptoms, and lower directly-assessed language skills, than the Low-Risk Typically Developing (TD) and High-Risk TD groups, which did not differ. There were no differences in nonverbal cognitive skills. For some in the high-risk group, clinical concerns persisted from early childhood, whereas for others clinical concerns were first evident at school-age. Results suggest continued vulnerability in at least a subgroup of school-age children with a family history of ASD and suggest that this population may benefit from continued screening and monitoring into the school-age years. Autism Res 2016, 9: 632–642. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1572 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.632-642[article] School-age outcomes of infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meghan MILLER, Auteur ; Ana-Maria IOSIF, Auteur ; Gregory S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Monique HILL, Auteur ; Elise PHELPS HANZEL, Auteur ; Ted HUTMAN, Auteur ; Scott JOHNSON, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur . - p.632-642.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.632-642
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder broader autism phenotype psychopathology siblings school-age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Studies of infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have proliferated, but few of these samples have been followed longer-term. We conducted a follow-up study, at age 5.5–9 years, of younger siblings of children with ASD (high-risk group, n?=?79) or typical development (low-risk group, n?=?60), originally recruited as infants. Children with ASD were excluded because of the focus on understanding the range of non-ASD outcomes among high-risk siblings. Using examiner ratings, parent ratings, and standardized assessments, we evaluated differences in clinical outcomes, psychopathology symptoms, autism symptoms, language skills, and nonverbal cognitive abilities. After adjusting for covariates, the high-risk group had increased odds of any clinically elevated/impaired score across measures relative to the low-risk group (43% vs. 12%, respectively). The high-risk group also had increased odds of examiner-rated Clinical Concerns (CC) outcomes (e.g., ADHD concerns, broader autism phenotype, speech-language difficulties, anxiety/mood problems, learning problems) relative to the low-risk group (38% vs. 13%, respectively). The high-risk group with CC outcomes had higher parent-reported psychopathology and autism symptoms, and lower directly-assessed language skills, than the Low-Risk Typically Developing (TD) and High-Risk TD groups, which did not differ. There were no differences in nonverbal cognitive skills. For some in the high-risk group, clinical concerns persisted from early childhood, whereas for others clinical concerns were first evident at school-age. Results suggest continued vulnerability in at least a subgroup of school-age children with a family history of ASD and suggest that this population may benefit from continued screening and monitoring into the school-age years. Autism Res 2016, 9: 632–642. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1572 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Biochemistry of the cingulate cortex in autism: An MR spectroscopy study / Lauren E. LIBERO in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Biochemistry of the cingulate cortex in autism: An MR spectroscopy study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Meredith A. REID, Auteur ; David M. WHITE, Auteur ; Nouha SALIBI, Auteur ; Adrienne C. LAHTI, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.643-657 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder cingulate cortex 1H-MRS MR spectroscopy neurochemicals biochemistry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuroimaging studies have uncovered structural and functional alterations in the cingulate cortex in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Such abnormalities may underlie neurochemical imbalance. In order to characterize the neurochemical profile, the current study examined the concentration of brain metabolites in dorsal ACC (dACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in high-functioning adults with ASD. Twenty high-functioning adults with ASD and 20 age-and-IQ-matched typically developing (TD) peers participated in this Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) study. LCModel was used in analyzing the spectra to measure the levels of N-Acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) in dACC and PCC. Groups were compared using means for the ratio of each metabolite to their respective Cr levels as well as on absolute internal-water-referenced measures of each metabolite. There was a significant increase in Cho in PCC for ASD adults, with a marginal increase in dACC. A reduction in NAA/Cr in dACC was found in ASD participants, compared to their TD peers. No significant differences in Glx/Cr or Cho/Cr were found in dACC. There were no statistically significant group differences in the absolute concentration of NAA, Cr, Glx, or NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and Glx/Cr in the PCC. Differences in the metabolic properties of dACC compared to PCC were also found. Results of this study provide evidence for possible cellular and metabolic differences in the dACC and PCC in adults with ASD. This may suggest neuronal dysfunction in these regions and may contribute to the neuropathology of ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 643–657. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1562 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.643-657[article] Biochemistry of the cingulate cortex in autism: An MR spectroscopy study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren E. LIBERO, Auteur ; Meredith A. REID, Auteur ; David M. WHITE, Auteur ; Nouha SALIBI, Auteur ; Adrienne C. LAHTI, Auteur ; Rajesh K. KANA, Auteur . - p.643-657.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.643-657
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder cingulate cortex 1H-MRS MR spectroscopy neurochemicals biochemistry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neuroimaging studies have uncovered structural and functional alterations in the cingulate cortex in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Such abnormalities may underlie neurochemical imbalance. In order to characterize the neurochemical profile, the current study examined the concentration of brain metabolites in dorsal ACC (dACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in high-functioning adults with ASD. Twenty high-functioning adults with ASD and 20 age-and-IQ-matched typically developing (TD) peers participated in this Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) study. LCModel was used in analyzing the spectra to measure the levels of N-Acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) in dACC and PCC. Groups were compared using means for the ratio of each metabolite to their respective Cr levels as well as on absolute internal-water-referenced measures of each metabolite. There was a significant increase in Cho in PCC for ASD adults, with a marginal increase in dACC. A reduction in NAA/Cr in dACC was found in ASD participants, compared to their TD peers. No significant differences in Glx/Cr or Cho/Cr were found in dACC. There were no statistically significant group differences in the absolute concentration of NAA, Cr, Glx, or NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and Glx/Cr in the PCC. Differences in the metabolic properties of dACC compared to PCC were also found. Results of this study provide evidence for possible cellular and metabolic differences in the dACC and PCC in adults with ASD. This may suggest neuronal dysfunction in these regions and may contribute to the neuropathology of ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 643–657. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1562 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Subgrouping siblings of people with autism: Identifying the broader autism phenotype / Emily RUZICH in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Subgrouping siblings of people with autism: Identifying the broader autism phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily RUZICH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Howard RING, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.658-665 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism Autism-Spectrum Quotient autistic traits siblings sex differences broader autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigate the broader autism phenotype (BAP) in siblings of individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Autistic traits were measured in typical controls (n?=?2,000), siblings (n?=?496), and volunteers with ASC (n?=?2,322) using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), both self-report and parent-report versions. Using cluster analysis of AQ subscale scores, two sibling subgroups were identified for both males and females: a cluster of low-scorers and a cluster of high-scorers. Results show that while siblings as a group have intermediate levels of autistic traits compared to control individuals and participants with ASC, when examined on a cluster level, the low-scoring sibling group is more similar to typical controls while the high-scoring group is more similar to the ASC clinical group. Further investigation into the underlying genetic and epigenetic characteristics of these two subgroups will be informative in understanding autistic traits, both within the general population and in relation to those with a clinical diagnosis. Autism Res 2016, 9: 658–665. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.658-665[article] Subgrouping siblings of people with autism: Identifying the broader autism phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily RUZICH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Peter WATSON, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Howard RING, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.658-665.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.658-665
Mots-clés : autism Autism-Spectrum Quotient autistic traits siblings sex differences broader autism phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigate the broader autism phenotype (BAP) in siblings of individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Autistic traits were measured in typical controls (n?=?2,000), siblings (n?=?496), and volunteers with ASC (n?=?2,322) using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), both self-report and parent-report versions. Using cluster analysis of AQ subscale scores, two sibling subgroups were identified for both males and females: a cluster of low-scorers and a cluster of high-scorers. Results show that while siblings as a group have intermediate levels of autistic traits compared to control individuals and participants with ASC, when examined on a cluster level, the low-scoring sibling group is more similar to typical controls while the high-scoring group is more similar to the ASC clinical group. Further investigation into the underlying genetic and epigenetic characteristics of these two subgroups will be informative in understanding autistic traits, both within the general population and in relation to those with a clinical diagnosis. Autism Res 2016, 9: 658–665. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Age-related differences in cognition across the adult lifespan in autism spectrum disorder / Anne G. LEVER in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Age-related differences in cognition across the adult lifespan in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne G. LEVER, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.666-676 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder aging older adults cognition neuropsychology memory theory of mind generativity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is largely unknown how age impacts cognition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated whether age-related cognitive differences are similar, reduced or increased across the adult lifespan, examined cognitive strengths and weaknesses, and explored whether objective test performance is related to subjective cognitive challenges. Neuropsychological tests assessing visual and verbal memory, generativity, and theory of mind (ToM), and a self-report measure assessing cognitive failures were administered to 236 matched participants with and without ASD, aged 20–79 years (IQ?>?80). Group comparisons revealed that individuals with ASD had higher scores on visual memory, lower scores on generativity and ToM, and similar performance on verbal memory. However, ToM impairments were no longer present in older (50+ years) adults with ASD. Across adulthood, individuals with ASD demonstrated similar age-related effects on verbal memory, generativity, and ToM, while age-related differences were reduced on visual memory. Although adults with ASD reported many cognitive failures, those were not associated with neuropsychological test performance. Hence, while some cognitive abilities (visual and verbal memory) and difficulties (generativity and semantic memory) persist across adulthood in ASD, others become less apparent in old age (ToM). Age-related differences characteristic of typical aging are reduced or parallel, but not increased in individuals with ASD, suggesting that ASD may partially protect against an age-related decrease in cognitive functioning. Despite these findings, adults with ASD experience many cognitive daily challenges, which highlights the need for adequate social support and the importance of further research into this topic, including longitudinal studies. Autism Res 2016, 9: 666–676. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1545 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.666-676[article] Age-related differences in cognition across the adult lifespan in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne G. LEVER, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.666-676.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.666-676
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder aging older adults cognition neuropsychology memory theory of mind generativity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is largely unknown how age impacts cognition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated whether age-related cognitive differences are similar, reduced or increased across the adult lifespan, examined cognitive strengths and weaknesses, and explored whether objective test performance is related to subjective cognitive challenges. Neuropsychological tests assessing visual and verbal memory, generativity, and theory of mind (ToM), and a self-report measure assessing cognitive failures were administered to 236 matched participants with and without ASD, aged 20–79 years (IQ?>?80). Group comparisons revealed that individuals with ASD had higher scores on visual memory, lower scores on generativity and ToM, and similar performance on verbal memory. However, ToM impairments were no longer present in older (50+ years) adults with ASD. Across adulthood, individuals with ASD demonstrated similar age-related effects on verbal memory, generativity, and ToM, while age-related differences were reduced on visual memory. Although adults with ASD reported many cognitive failures, those were not associated with neuropsychological test performance. Hence, while some cognitive abilities (visual and verbal memory) and difficulties (generativity and semantic memory) persist across adulthood in ASD, others become less apparent in old age (ToM). Age-related differences characteristic of typical aging are reduced or parallel, but not increased in individuals with ASD, suggesting that ASD may partially protect against an age-related decrease in cognitive functioning. Despite these findings, adults with ASD experience many cognitive daily challenges, which highlights the need for adequate social support and the importance of further research into this topic, including longitudinal studies. Autism Res 2016, 9: 666–676. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1545 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 The motivation for special interests in individuals with autism and controls: Development and validation of the special interest motivation scale / Rachel GROVE in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : The motivation for special interests in individuals with autism and controls: Development and validation of the special interest motivation scale Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel GROVE, Auteur ; Ilona ROTH, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.677-688 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism special interests motivation autistic disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical observations and first person accounts of living with autism suggest that individuals with autism are highly motivated to engage in special interests, and that these interests remain important throughout life. Previous research assessing special interests has mainly focused on parental reports of children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). To better understand the significance of and motivations for engaging in special interests it is essential to use self-report ratings. This paper aims to systematically explore the motivations for engagement in special interests, and whether these differ in adults with ASC, first-degree relatives and general population controls. The Special Interest Motivation Scale (SIMS) was developed to assess motivation to engage in special interests. The internal structure of this scale was evaluated using factor analysis, and mean scores on the SIMS factors were subsequently compared across individuals with autism, parents and general population controls. Factor analysis indicated a 20-item SIMS containing five factors assessing Personal life values and goals; Intrinsic interest and knowledge; Prestige; Engagement and “flow” and Achievement. Individuals with autism were more motivated by Intrinsic interest and knowledge and by Engagement and flow than controls. The 20-item SIMS is a quick to administer measure that provides a reliable description of motivation to engage in special interests. This study indicates that individuals with ASC are highly motivated to engage in their special interest, and are more motivated than controls by intrinsic motivational factors, some of which are associated with positive affect. This has implications for research and clinical practice. Autism Res 2016, 9: 677–688. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.677-688[article] The motivation for special interests in individuals with autism and controls: Development and validation of the special interest motivation scale [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel GROVE, Auteur ; Ilona ROTH, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - p.677-688.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.677-688
Mots-clés : autism special interests motivation autistic disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical observations and first person accounts of living with autism suggest that individuals with autism are highly motivated to engage in special interests, and that these interests remain important throughout life. Previous research assessing special interests has mainly focused on parental reports of children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). To better understand the significance of and motivations for engaging in special interests it is essential to use self-report ratings. This paper aims to systematically explore the motivations for engagement in special interests, and whether these differ in adults with ASC, first-degree relatives and general population controls. The Special Interest Motivation Scale (SIMS) was developed to assess motivation to engage in special interests. The internal structure of this scale was evaluated using factor analysis, and mean scores on the SIMS factors were subsequently compared across individuals with autism, parents and general population controls. Factor analysis indicated a 20-item SIMS containing five factors assessing Personal life values and goals; Intrinsic interest and knowledge; Prestige; Engagement and “flow” and Achievement. Individuals with autism were more motivated by Intrinsic interest and knowledge and by Engagement and flow than controls. The 20-item SIMS is a quick to administer measure that provides a reliable description of motivation to engage in special interests. This study indicates that individuals with ASC are highly motivated to engage in their special interest, and are more motivated than controls by intrinsic motivational factors, some of which are associated with positive affect. This has implications for research and clinical practice. Autism Res 2016, 9: 677–688. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Prolonged auditory brainstem responses in infants with autism / Oren MIRON in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Prolonged auditory brainstem responses in infants with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Oren MIRON, Auteur ; Daphne ARI-EVEN ROTH, Auteur ; Lidia V. GABIS, Auteur ; Yael HENKIN, Auteur ; Shahar SHEFER, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Ronny GEVA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.689-695 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder auditory brainstem response hearing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Numerous studies have attempted to identify early physiological abnormalities in infants and toddlers who later develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One potential measure of early neurophysiology is the auditory brainstem response (ABR), which has been reported to exhibit prolonged latencies in children with ASD. We examined whether prolonged ABR latencies appear in infancy, before the onset of ASD symptoms, and irrespective of hearing thresholds. To determine how early in development these differences appear, we retrospectively examined clinical ABR recordings of infants who were later diagnosed with ASD. Of the 118 children in the participant pool, 48 were excluded due to elevated ABR thresholds, genetic aberrations, or old testing age, leaving a sample of 70 children: 30 of which were tested at 0–3 months, and 40 were tested at toddlerhood (1.5–3.5 years). In the infant group, the ABR wave-V was significantly prolonged in those who later developed ASD as compared with case-matched controls (n?=?30). Classification of infants who later developed ASD and case-matched controls using this measure enabled accurate identification of ASD infants with 80% specificity and 70% sensitivity. In the group of toddlers with ASD, absolute and interpeak latencies were prolonged compared to clinical norms. Findings indicate that ABR latencies are significantly prolonged in infants who are later diagnosed with ASD irrespective of their hearing thresholds; suggesting that abnormal responses might be detected soon after birth. Further research is needed to determine if ABR might be a valid marker for ASD risk. Autism Res 2016, 9: 689–695. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1561 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.689-695[article] Prolonged auditory brainstem responses in infants with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Oren MIRON, Auteur ; Daphne ARI-EVEN ROTH, Auteur ; Lidia V. GABIS, Auteur ; Yael HENKIN, Auteur ; Shahar SHEFER, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Ronny GEVA, Auteur . - p.689-695.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.689-695
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder auditory brainstem response hearing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Numerous studies have attempted to identify early physiological abnormalities in infants and toddlers who later develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One potential measure of early neurophysiology is the auditory brainstem response (ABR), which has been reported to exhibit prolonged latencies in children with ASD. We examined whether prolonged ABR latencies appear in infancy, before the onset of ASD symptoms, and irrespective of hearing thresholds. To determine how early in development these differences appear, we retrospectively examined clinical ABR recordings of infants who were later diagnosed with ASD. Of the 118 children in the participant pool, 48 were excluded due to elevated ABR thresholds, genetic aberrations, or old testing age, leaving a sample of 70 children: 30 of which were tested at 0–3 months, and 40 were tested at toddlerhood (1.5–3.5 years). In the infant group, the ABR wave-V was significantly prolonged in those who later developed ASD as compared with case-matched controls (n?=?30). Classification of infants who later developed ASD and case-matched controls using this measure enabled accurate identification of ASD infants with 80% specificity and 70% sensitivity. In the group of toddlers with ASD, absolute and interpeak latencies were prolonged compared to clinical norms. Findings indicate that ABR latencies are significantly prolonged in infants who are later diagnosed with ASD irrespective of their hearing thresholds; suggesting that abnormal responses might be detected soon after birth. Further research is needed to determine if ABR might be a valid marker for ASD risk. Autism Res 2016, 9: 689–695. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1561 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Early communication deficits in the Shank1 knockout mouse model for autism spectrum disorder: Developmental aspects and effects of social context / A. Özge SUNGUR in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Early communication deficits in the Shank1 knockout mouse model for autism spectrum disorder: Developmental aspects and effects of social context Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. Özge SUNGUR, Auteur ; Rainer K. W. SCHWARTING, Auteur ; Markus WÖHR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.696-709 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : animal model postsynaptic density neurodevelopmental disorders autism communication ultrasonic vocalization social context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in SHANK genes were repeatedly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across multiple contexts, with restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior. To date, diagnostic criteria for ASD are purely behaviorally defined and reliable biomarkers have still not been identified. The validity of mouse models for ASD therefore strongly relies on their behavioral phenotype. Here, we studied communication by means of isolation-induced pup ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in the Shank1 mouse model for ASD by comparing Shank1?/? null mutant, Shank1+/? heterozygous, and Shank1+/+ wildtype littermate controls. The first aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Shank1 deletions on developmental aspects of communication in order to see whether ASD-related communication deficits are due to general impairment or delay in development. Second, we focused on social context effects on USV production. We show that Shank1?/? pups vocalized less and displayed a delay in the typical inverted U-shaped developmental USV emission pattern with USV rates peaking on postnatal day (PND) 9, resulting in a prominent genotype difference on PND6. Moreover, testing under social conditions revealed even more prominently genotype-dependent deficits regardless of the familiarity of the social context. As communication by definition serves a social function, introducing a social component to the typically nonsocial test environment could therefore help to reveal communication deficits in mouse models for ASD. Together, these results indicate that SHANK1 is involved in acoustic communication across species, with genetic alterations in SHANK1 resulting in social communication/interaction deficits. Autism Res 2016, 9: 696–709. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.696-709[article] Early communication deficits in the Shank1 knockout mouse model for autism spectrum disorder: Developmental aspects and effects of social context [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. Özge SUNGUR, Auteur ; Rainer K. W. SCHWARTING, Auteur ; Markus WÖHR, Auteur . - p.696-709.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.696-709
Mots-clés : animal model postsynaptic density neurodevelopmental disorders autism communication ultrasonic vocalization social context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Alterations in SHANK genes were repeatedly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across multiple contexts, with restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior. To date, diagnostic criteria for ASD are purely behaviorally defined and reliable biomarkers have still not been identified. The validity of mouse models for ASD therefore strongly relies on their behavioral phenotype. Here, we studied communication by means of isolation-induced pup ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in the Shank1 mouse model for ASD by comparing Shank1?/? null mutant, Shank1+/? heterozygous, and Shank1+/+ wildtype littermate controls. The first aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Shank1 deletions on developmental aspects of communication in order to see whether ASD-related communication deficits are due to general impairment or delay in development. Second, we focused on social context effects on USV production. We show that Shank1?/? pups vocalized less and displayed a delay in the typical inverted U-shaped developmental USV emission pattern with USV rates peaking on postnatal day (PND) 9, resulting in a prominent genotype difference on PND6. Moreover, testing under social conditions revealed even more prominently genotype-dependent deficits regardless of the familiarity of the social context. As communication by definition serves a social function, introducing a social component to the typically nonsocial test environment could therefore help to reveal communication deficits in mouse models for ASD. Together, these results indicate that SHANK1 is involved in acoustic communication across species, with genetic alterations in SHANK1 resulting in social communication/interaction deficits. Autism Res 2016, 9: 696–709. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
[article]
Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.710-714 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1655 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.710-714[article] Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.710-714.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.710-714
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1655 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290 Reflections on the 2016 International Meeting for Autism Research in Baltimore in Autism Research, 9-6 (June 2016)
[article]
Titre : Reflections on the 2016 International Meeting for Autism Research in Baltimore Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.715-716 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1656 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.715-716[article] Reflections on the 2016 International Meeting for Autism Research in Baltimore [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.715-716.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-6 (June 2016) . - p.715-716
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1656 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=290