Autism-related language preferences of English-speaking individuals across the globe: A mixed methods investigation / Lydia HICKMAN ; Joan LEUNG ; Ruth MONK ; Alicia MONTGOMERY ; Hannah HEATH ; Sophie SOWDEN in Autism Research, 16-2 (February 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-2 (February 2023) . - p.406-428 Titre : Autism-related language preferences of English-speaking individuals across the globe: A mixed methods investigation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lydia HICKMAN, Auteur ; Joan LEUNG, Auteur ; Ruth MONK, Auteur ; Alicia MONTGOMERY, Auteur ; Hannah HEATH, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.406-428 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Over the past two decades, there have been increasing discussions around which terms should be used to talk about autism. Whilst these discussions have largely revolved around the suitability of identity-first language and person-first language, more recently this debate has broadened to encompass other autism-related terminology (e.g., 'high-functioning'). To date, academic studies have not investigated the language preferences of autistic individuals outside of the United Kingdom or Australia, nor have they compared levels of endorsement across countries. Hence, the current study adopted a mixed-methods approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative techniques, to explore the linguistic preferences of 654 English-speaking autistic adults across the globe. Despite variation in levels of endorsement between countries, we found that the most popular terms were similar-the terms 'Autism', 'Autistic person', 'Is autistic', 'Neurological/Brain Difference', 'Differences', 'Challenges', 'Difficulties', 'Neurotypical people', and 'Neurotypicals' were consistently favored across countries. Despite relative consensus across groups, both our quantitative and qualitative data demonstrate that there is no universally accepted way to talk about autism. Our thematic analysis revealed the reasons underlying participants' preferences, generating six core themes, and illuminated an important guiding principle-to respect personal preferences. These findings have significant implications for informing practice, research and language policy worldwide. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2864 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=496 [article] Autism-related language preferences of English-speaking individuals across the globe: A mixed methods investigation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lydia HICKMAN, Auteur ; Joan LEUNG, Auteur ; Ruth MONK, Auteur ; Alicia MONTGOMERY, Auteur ; Hannah HEATH, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur . - p.406-428. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-2 (February 2023) . - p.406-428 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Over the past two decades, there have been increasing discussions around which terms should be used to talk about autism. Whilst these discussions have largely revolved around the suitability of identity-first language and person-first language, more recently this debate has broadened to encompass other autism-related terminology (e.g., 'high-functioning'). To date, academic studies have not investigated the language preferences of autistic individuals outside of the United Kingdom or Australia, nor have they compared levels of endorsement across countries. Hence, the current study adopted a mixed-methods approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative techniques, to explore the linguistic preferences of 654 English-speaking autistic adults across the globe. Despite variation in levels of endorsement between countries, we found that the most popular terms were similar-the terms 'Autism', 'Autistic person', 'Is autistic', 'Neurological/Brain Difference', 'Differences', 'Challenges', 'Difficulties', 'Neurotypical people', and 'Neurotypicals' were consistently favored across countries. Despite relative consensus across groups, both our quantitative and qualitative data demonstrate that there is no universally accepted way to talk about autism. Our thematic analysis revealed the reasons underlying participants' preferences, generating six core themes, and illuminated an important guiding principle-to respect personal preferences. These findings have significant implications for informing practice, research and language policy worldwide. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2864 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=496

Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults / Connor T. KEATING in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.493-506 Titre : Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.493-506 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals require dynamic angry expressions to have a higher speed in order for them to be successfully identified. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ?deficit? in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterised by very high-speed movement. In this study, matched groups of autistic and non-autistic adults completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus until it moved at a speed that, in their ?mind's eye?, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Participants were shown three different types of PLFs?those showing the full-face, only the eye region, and only the mouth region, wherein the latter two were included to test whether differences in facial information sampling underpinned any dissimilarities in speed attributions. Across both groups, participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ?caricatured? internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasised. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face angry, happy and sad expressions respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypically fast internal representations of anger. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur . - p.493-506. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.493-506 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals require dynamic angry expressions to have a higher speed in order for them to be successfully identified. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ?deficit? in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterised by very high-speed movement. In this study, matched groups of autistic and non-autistic adults completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus until it moved at a speed that, in their ?mind's eye?, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Participants were shown three different types of PLFs?those showing the full-face, only the eye region, and only the mouth region, wherein the latter two were included to test whether differences in facial information sampling underpinned any dissimilarities in speed attributions. Across both groups, participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ?caricatured? internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasised. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face angry, happy and sad expressions respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypically fast internal representations of anger. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia / Connor T. KEATING in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-4 (April 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-4 (April 2022) . - p.1855-1871 Titre : Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Dagmar S. FRASER, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1855-1871 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/psychology  Anger  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Facial Recognition  Humans  Alexithymia  Emotion recognition  Movement kinematics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To date, studies have not established whether autistic and non-autistic individuals differ in emotion recognition from facial motion cues when matched in terms of alexithymia. Here, autistic and non-autistic adults (N=60) matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning ability and alexithymia, completed an emotion recognition task, which employed dynamic point light displays of emotional facial expressions manipulated in terms of speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic participants exhibited significantly lower accuracy for angry, but not happy or sad, facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic, and not alexithymic, traits were predictive of accuracy for angry facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Alexithymic traits, in contrast, were predictive of the magnitude of both correct and incorrect emotion ratings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05083-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] Differences Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults in the Recognition of Anger from Facial Motion Remain after Controlling for Alexithymia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Dagmar S. FRASER, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur . - p.1855-1871. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-4 (April 2022) . - p.1855-1871 Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/psychology  Anger  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Emotions  Facial Expression  Facial Recognition  Humans  Alexithymia  Emotion recognition  Movement kinematics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To date, studies have not established whether autistic and non-autistic individuals differ in emotion recognition from facial motion cues when matched in terms of alexithymia. Here, autistic and non-autistic adults (N=60) matched on age, gender, non-verbal reasoning ability and alexithymia, completed an emotion recognition task, which employed dynamic point light displays of emotional facial expressions manipulated in terms of speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic participants exhibited significantly lower accuracy for angry, but not happy or sad, facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Autistic, and not alexithymic, traits were predictive of accuracy for angry facial motion with unmanipulated speed and spatial exaggeration. Alexithymic traits, in contrast, were predictive of the magnitude of both correct and incorrect emotion ratings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05083-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476

Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory / Sophie SOWDEN in Autism Research, 9-2 (February 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.292-300 Titre : Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Svenja KOEHNE, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.292-300 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  imitation  mirror neurons  broken mirror theory  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A lack of imitative behavior is frequently described as a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and is consistent with claims of mirror neuron system dysfunction in these individuals. Previous research has questioned this characterization of ASD however, arguing that when tests of automatic imitation are used—which do not require higher-level cognitive processing—imitative behavior is intact or even enhanced in individuals with ASD. In Experiment 1, 60 adult individuals with ASD and a matched Control group completed an automatic imitation task in which they were required to perform an index or a middle finger lift while observing a hand making either the same, or the alternate, finger movement. Both groups demonstrated a significant imitation effect whereby actions were executed faster when preceded by observation of the same action, than when preceded by the alternate action. The magnitude of this “imitation effect” was statistically indistinguishable in the ASD and Control groups. Experiment 2 utilized an improved automatic imitation paradigm to demonstrate that, when automatic imitation effects are isolated from those due to spatial compatibility, increasing autism symptom severity is associated with an increased tendency to imitate. Notably, there was no association between autism symptom severity and spatial compatibility, demonstrating the specificity of the link between ASD symptoms and increased imitation. These results provide evidence against claims of a lack of imitative behavior in ASD, and challenge the “Broken Mirror Theory of Autism.” En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 [article] Intact Automatic Imitation and Typical Spatial Compatibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging the Broken Mirror Theory [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Svenja KOEHNE, Auteur ; Caroline CATMUR, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Geoffrey BIRD, Auteur . - p.292-300. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-2 (February 2016) . - p.292-300 Mots-clés : autism  imitation  mirror neurons  broken mirror theory  individual differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A lack of imitative behavior is frequently described as a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and is consistent with claims of mirror neuron system dysfunction in these individuals. Previous research has questioned this characterization of ASD however, arguing that when tests of automatic imitation are used—which do not require higher-level cognitive processing—imitative behavior is intact or even enhanced in individuals with ASD. In Experiment 1, 60 adult individuals with ASD and a matched Control group completed an automatic imitation task in which they were required to perform an index or a middle finger lift while observing a hand making either the same, or the alternate, finger movement. Both groups demonstrated a significant imitation effect whereby actions were executed faster when preceded by observation of the same action, than when preceded by the alternate action. The magnitude of this “imitation effect” was statistically indistinguishable in the ASD and Control groups. Experiment 2 utilized an improved automatic imitation paradigm to demonstrate that, when automatic imitation effects are isolated from those due to spatial compatibility, increasing autism symptom severity is associated with an increased tendency to imitate. Notably, there was no association between autism symptom severity and spatial compatibility, demonstrating the specificity of the link between ASD symptoms and increased imitation. These results provide evidence against claims of a lack of imitative behavior in ASD, and challenge the “Broken Mirror Theory of Autism.” En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1511 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282

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