An Acoustic Characterization of Prosodic Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder and First-Degree Relatives / Shivani P. PATEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-8 (August 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-8 (August 2020) . - p.3032-3045 Titre : An Acoustic Characterization of Prosodic Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder and First-Degree Relatives Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shivani P. PATEL, Auteur ; Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Gary E. MARTIN, Auteur ; Kathryn FRANICH, Auteur ; Stephanie CRAWFORD, Auteur ; Joshua J. DIEHL, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3032-3045 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acoustic  Autism spectrum disorder  Broad autism phenotype  Prosody Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined prosody through characterization of acoustic properties of the speech of individuals with ASD and their parents, during narration. A subset of utterances were low-pass filtered and rated for differences in intonation, speech rate, and rhythm. Listener ratings were minimally related to acoustic measures, underscoring the complexity of atypical prosody in ASD. Acoustic analyses revealed greater utterance-final fundamental frequency excursion size and slower speech rate in the ASD group. Slower speech rate was also evident in the ASD parent group, particularly parents with the broad autism phenotype. Overlapping prosodic differences in ASD and ASD Parent groups suggest that prosodic differences may constitute an important phenotype contributing to ASD features and index genetic liability to ASD among first-degree relatives. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04392-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428 [article] An Acoustic Characterization of Prosodic Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder and First-Degree Relatives [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shivani P. PATEL, Auteur ; Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Gary E. MARTIN, Auteur ; Kathryn FRANICH, Auteur ; Stephanie CRAWFORD, Auteur ; Joshua J. DIEHL, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur . - p.3032-3045. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-8 (August 2020) . - p.3032-3045 Mots-clés : Acoustic  Autism spectrum disorder  Broad autism phenotype  Prosody Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined prosody through characterization of acoustic properties of the speech of individuals with ASD and their parents, during narration. A subset of utterances were low-pass filtered and rated for differences in intonation, speech rate, and rhythm. Listener ratings were minimally related to acoustic measures, underscoring the complexity of atypical prosody in ASD. Acoustic analyses revealed greater utterance-final fundamental frequency excursion size and slower speech rate in the ASD group. Slower speech rate was also evident in the ASD parent group, particularly parents with the broad autism phenotype. Overlapping prosodic differences in ASD and ASD Parent groups suggest that prosodic differences may constitute an important phenotype contributing to ASD features and index genetic liability to ASD among first-degree relatives. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04392-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428

Changes in Autism Nosology: The Social Impact of the Removal of Asperger's Disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) / Lindsay KATZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-9 (September 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-9 (September 2020) . - p.3358-3366 Titre : Changes in Autism Nosology: The Social Impact of the Removal of Asperger's Disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lindsay KATZ, Auteur ; Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Ariana GARAGOZZO, Auteur ; Christine SCHIESZLER-OCKRASSA, Auteur ; Jessica PAXTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3358-3366 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd  Asperger’s syndrome  Autism spectrum disorder  Dsm-5  Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the perception of an ASD label compared to Asperger's syndrome or no diagnosis. Seventy-one undergraduates read an adapted vignette (Ohan et al. J Autism Dev Disord 45:3384-3389, 2015) about an undergraduate with ASD, Asperger's Syndrome, or No Diagnosis. Participants also completed questionnaires. More positive ratings emerged for the Asperger's and ASD labels than No Diagnosis in low contact scenarios, particularly when involving greater social versus professional interaction. In contrast, more positive ratings emerged for the Asperger's compared to the ASD and No Diagnosis on high contact items. Ratings between low and high contact items differed only for ASD. Results demonstrate the impact of diagnostic labels across social contexts and support the need for education surrounding changes in nosology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04233-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430 [article] Changes in Autism Nosology: The Social Impact of the Removal of Asperger's Disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lindsay KATZ, Auteur ; Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Ariana GARAGOZZO, Auteur ; Christine SCHIESZLER-OCKRASSA, Auteur ; Jessica PAXTON, Auteur . - p.3358-3366. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-9 (September 2020) . - p.3358-3366 Mots-clés : Asd  Asperger’s syndrome  Autism spectrum disorder  Dsm-5  Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the perception of an ASD label compared to Asperger's syndrome or no diagnosis. Seventy-one undergraduates read an adapted vignette (Ohan et al. J Autism Dev Disord 45:3384-3389, 2015) about an undergraduate with ASD, Asperger's Syndrome, or No Diagnosis. Participants also completed questionnaires. More positive ratings emerged for the Asperger's and ASD labels than No Diagnosis in low contact scenarios, particularly when involving greater social versus professional interaction. In contrast, more positive ratings emerged for the Asperger's compared to the ASD and No Diagnosis on high contact items. Ratings between low and high contact items differed only for ASD. Results demonstrate the impact of diagnostic labels across social contexts and support the need for education surrounding changes in nosology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04233-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430

Childhood Academic Performance: A Potential Marker of Genetic Liability to Autism / Janna GUILFOYLE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-5 (May 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-5 (May 2023) . - p.1989-2005 Titre : Childhood Academic Performance: A Potential Marker of Genetic Liability to Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Janna GUILFOYLE, Auteur ; Molly WINSTON, Auteur ; John SIDERIS, Auteur ; Gary E. MARTIN, Auteur ; Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Lauren BUSH, Auteur ; Tom WASSINK, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1989-2005 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, confers genetic liability that is often expressed among relatives through subclinical, genetically-meaningful traits, or endophenotypes. For instance, relative to controls, parents of individuals with ASD differ in language-related skills, with differences emerging in childhood. To examine ASD-related endophenotypes, this study investigated developmental academic profiles among clinically unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD (n=29). Lower performance in language-related skills among siblings mirrored previously-reported patterns among parents, which were also associated with greater subclinical ASD-related traits in themselves and their parents, and with greater symptom severity in their sibling with ASD. Findings demonstrated specific phenotypes, derived from standardized academic testing, that may represent childhood indicators of genetic liability to ASD in first-degree relatives. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05459-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=501 [article] Childhood Academic Performance: A Potential Marker of Genetic Liability to Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Janna GUILFOYLE, Auteur ; Molly WINSTON, Auteur ; John SIDERIS, Auteur ; Gary E. MARTIN, Auteur ; Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Lauren BUSH, Auteur ; Tom WASSINK, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur . - p.1989-2005. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 53-5 (May 2023) . - p.1989-2005 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, confers genetic liability that is often expressed among relatives through subclinical, genetically-meaningful traits, or endophenotypes. For instance, relative to controls, parents of individuals with ASD differ in language-related skills, with differences emerging in childhood. To examine ASD-related endophenotypes, this study investigated developmental academic profiles among clinically unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD (n=29). Lower performance in language-related skills among siblings mirrored previously-reported patterns among parents, which were also associated with greater subclinical ASD-related traits in themselves and their parents, and with greater symptom severity in their sibling with ASD. Findings demonstrated specific phenotypes, derived from standardized academic testing, that may represent childhood indicators of genetic liability to ASD in first-degree relatives. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05459-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=501

A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype / Kritika NAYAR in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 18 p. Titre : A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Frederick SHIC, Auteur ; Molly WINSTON, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Eye-Tracking Technology  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Phenotype  Autism spectrum disorder  Broad autism phenotype  Endophenotype  Eye tracking  Social attention  Visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Social attention differences, expressed through gaze patterns, have been documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with subtle differences also reported among first-degree relatives, suggesting a shared genetic link. Findings have mostly been derived from standard eye-tracking methods (total fixation count or total fixation duration). Given the dynamics of visual attention, these standard methods may obscure subtle, yet core, differences in visual attention mechanisms, particularly those presenting sub-clinically. This study applied a constellation of eye-tracking analyses to gaze data from individuals with ASD and their parents. METHODS: This study included n=156 participants across groups, including ASD (n=24) and control (n=32) groups, and parents of individuals with ASD (n=61) and control parents (n=39). A complex scene with social/non-social elements was displayed and gaze tracked via an eye tracker. Eleven analytic methods from the following categories were analyzed: (1) standard variables, (2) temporal dynamics (e.g., gaze over time), (3) fixation patterns (e.g., perseverative or regressive fixations), (4) first fixations, and (5) distribution patterns. MANOVAs, growth curve analyses, and Chi-squared tests were applied to examine group differences. Finally, group differences were examined on component scores derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) that reduced variables to distinct dimensions. RESULTS: No group differences emerged among standard, first fixation, and distribution pattern variables. Both the ASD and ASD parent groups demonstrated on average reduced social attention over time and atypical perseverative fixations. Lower social attention factor scores derived from PCA strongly differentiated the ASD and ASD parent groups from controls, with parent findings driven by the subset of parents demonstrating the broad autism phenotype. LIMITATIONS: To generalize these findings, larger sample sizes, extended viewing contexts (e.g., dynamic stimuli), and even more eye-tracking analytical methods are needed. CONCLUSIONS: Fixations over time and perseverative fixations differentiated ASD and the ASD parent groups from controls, with the PCA most robustly capturing social attention differences. Findings highlight their methodological utility in studies of the (broad) autism spectrum to capture nuanced visual attention differences that may relate to clinical symptoms in ASD, and reflect genetic liability in clinically unaffected relatives. This proof-of-concept study may inform future studies using eye tracking across populations where social attention is impacted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Frederick SHIC, Auteur ; Molly WINSTON, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur . - 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 18 p. Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Autistic Disorder  Eye-Tracking Technology  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Phenotype  Autism spectrum disorder  Broad autism phenotype  Endophenotype  Eye tracking  Social attention  Visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Social attention differences, expressed through gaze patterns, have been documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with subtle differences also reported among first-degree relatives, suggesting a shared genetic link. Findings have mostly been derived from standard eye-tracking methods (total fixation count or total fixation duration). Given the dynamics of visual attention, these standard methods may obscure subtle, yet core, differences in visual attention mechanisms, particularly those presenting sub-clinically. This study applied a constellation of eye-tracking analyses to gaze data from individuals with ASD and their parents. METHODS: This study included n=156 participants across groups, including ASD (n=24) and control (n=32) groups, and parents of individuals with ASD (n=61) and control parents (n=39). A complex scene with social/non-social elements was displayed and gaze tracked via an eye tracker. Eleven analytic methods from the following categories were analyzed: (1) standard variables, (2) temporal dynamics (e.g., gaze over time), (3) fixation patterns (e.g., perseverative or regressive fixations), (4) first fixations, and (5) distribution patterns. MANOVAs, growth curve analyses, and Chi-squared tests were applied to examine group differences. Finally, group differences were examined on component scores derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) that reduced variables to distinct dimensions. RESULTS: No group differences emerged among standard, first fixation, and distribution pattern variables. Both the ASD and ASD parent groups demonstrated on average reduced social attention over time and atypical perseverative fixations. Lower social attention factor scores derived from PCA strongly differentiated the ASD and ASD parent groups from controls, with parent findings driven by the subset of parents demonstrating the broad autism phenotype. LIMITATIONS: To generalize these findings, larger sample sizes, extended viewing contexts (e.g., dynamic stimuli), and even more eye-tracking analytical methods are needed. CONCLUSIONS: Fixations over time and perseverative fixations differentiated ASD and the ASD parent groups from controls, with the PCA most robustly capturing social attention differences. Findings highlight their methodological utility in studies of the (broad) autism spectrum to capture nuanced visual attention differences that may relate to clinical symptoms in ASD, and reflect genetic liability in clinically unaffected relatives. This proof-of-concept study may inform future studies using eye tracking across populations where social attention is impacted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Global and local visual processing in autism: An objective assessment approach / Kritika NAYAR in Autism Research, 10-8 (August 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-8 (August 2017) . - p.1392-1404 Titre : Global and local visual processing in autism: An objective assessment approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Angela C. VOYLES, Auteur ; Lynne KIORPES, Auteur ; Adriana DI MARTINO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1392-1404 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : global visual processing  local visual processing  Kanizsa illusory contours  eye tracking  autism spectrum disorder  match-to-sample task Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined global and local visual processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via a match-to-sample task using Kanizsa illusory contours (KIC). School-aged children with ASD (n?=?28) and age-matched typically developing controls (n?=?22; 7–13 years) performed a sequential match-to-sample between a solid shape (sample) and two illusory alternatives. We tracked eye gaze and behavioral performance in two task conditions: one with and one without local interference from background noise elements. While analyses revealed lower accuracy and longer reaction time in ASD in the condition with local interference only, eye tracking robustly captured ASD-related global atypicalities across both conditions. Specifically, relative to controls, children with ASD showed decreased fixations to KIC centers, indicating reduced global perception. Notably, they did not differ from controls in regard to fixations to local elements or touch response location. These results indicate impaired global perception in the absence of heightened local processing in ASD. They also underscore the utility of eye-tracking measures as objective indices of global/local visual processing strategies in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1782 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=310 [article] Global and local visual processing in autism: An objective assessment approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Angela C. VOYLES, Auteur ; Lynne KIORPES, Auteur ; Adriana DI MARTINO, Auteur . - p.1392-1404. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-8 (August 2017) . - p.1392-1404 Mots-clés : global visual processing  local visual processing  Kanizsa illusory contours  eye tracking  autism spectrum disorder  match-to-sample task Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined global and local visual processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via a match-to-sample task using Kanizsa illusory contours (KIC). School-aged children with ASD (n?=?28) and age-matched typically developing controls (n?=?22; 7–13 years) performed a sequential match-to-sample between a solid shape (sample) and two illusory alternatives. We tracked eye gaze and behavioral performance in two task conditions: one with and one without local interference from background noise elements. While analyses revealed lower accuracy and longer reaction time in ASD in the condition with local interference only, eye tracking robustly captured ASD-related global atypicalities across both conditions. Specifically, relative to controls, children with ASD showed decreased fixations to KIC centers, indicating reduced global perception. Notably, they did not differ from controls in regard to fixations to local elements or touch response location. These results indicate impaired global perception in the absence of heightened local processing in ASD. They also underscore the utility of eye-tracking measures as objective indices of global/local visual processing strategies in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1782 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=310

Neural Processing of Speech Sounds in ASD and First-Degree Relatives / Shivani P. PATEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53-8 (August 2023)  

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Understanding Social Communication Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder and First-Degree Relatives: A Study of Looking and Speaking / Michelle LEE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-6 (June 2020)  

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