Autism traits outweigh alexithymia traits in the explanation of mentalising performance in adults with autism but not in adults with rejected autism diagnosis / Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 32 p. Titre : Autism traits outweigh alexithymia traits in the explanation of mentalising performance in adults with autism but not in adults with rejected autism diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Carola BLOCH, Auteur ; Lana BURGHOF, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 32 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Phenotype  Alexithymia  Autism  Dominance analysis  Mentalising Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Pronounced alexithymia traits have been found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and recent research has been carving out the impact alexithymia traits might have on mentalising deficits associated with ASD. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, a large representative referral population for diagnostic examination for possible ASD (n=400) was screened for clinical alexithymia with a German version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RME). In contrast to previous attempts to carve out the impact of alexithymia traits on mentalising deficits though, we employed dominance analysis to account for the correlation between predictors. The relative relationship between alexithymia traits and autism traits with RME performance was investigated in the group of individuals with confirmed ASD diagnosis (N=281) and compared to the clinical referral sample in which ASD was ruled out (N=119). RESULTS: Dominance analysis revealed autism traits to be the strongest predictor for reduced mentalising skills in the ASD sample, whereas alexithymia contributed significantly less. In the sample of individuals with ruled out diagnosis, autism traits were the strongest predictor, but alexithymia traits were in sum equally associated to mentalising, with the External-Oriented Thinking subscale as an important predictor of this association. LIMITATIONS: It needs to be considered that the cross-sectional study design does not allow for causal inference. Furthermore, mentalising is a highly facetted capacity and measurements need to reduce this complexity into simple quantities which limits the generalizability of results. DISCUSSION: While alexithymia traits should be considered for their mental health importance, they do not dominate the explanation of reduced mentalising skills in individuals with ASD, but they might do to a larger degree in individuals with ruled out ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00510-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] Autism traits outweigh alexithymia traits in the explanation of mentalising performance in adults with autism but not in adults with rejected autism diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Carola BLOCH, Auteur ; Lana BURGHOF, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur . - 32 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 32 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Affective Symptoms/complications  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Phenotype  Alexithymia  Autism  Dominance analysis  Mentalising Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Pronounced alexithymia traits have been found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and recent research has been carving out the impact alexithymia traits might have on mentalising deficits associated with ASD. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, a large representative referral population for diagnostic examination for possible ASD (n=400) was screened for clinical alexithymia with a German version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RME). In contrast to previous attempts to carve out the impact of alexithymia traits on mentalising deficits though, we employed dominance analysis to account for the correlation between predictors. The relative relationship between alexithymia traits and autism traits with RME performance was investigated in the group of individuals with confirmed ASD diagnosis (N=281) and compared to the clinical referral sample in which ASD was ruled out (N=119). RESULTS: Dominance analysis revealed autism traits to be the strongest predictor for reduced mentalising skills in the ASD sample, whereas alexithymia contributed significantly less. In the sample of individuals with ruled out diagnosis, autism traits were the strongest predictor, but alexithymia traits were in sum equally associated to mentalising, with the External-Oriented Thinking subscale as an important predictor of this association. LIMITATIONS: It needs to be considered that the cross-sectional study design does not allow for causal inference. Furthermore, mentalising is a highly facetted capacity and measurements need to reduce this complexity into simple quantities which limits the generalizability of results. DISCUSSION: While alexithymia traits should be considered for their mental health importance, they do not dominate the explanation of reduced mentalising skills in individuals with ASD, but they might do to a larger degree in individuals with ruled out ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00510-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Dissociation Between Key Processes of Social Cognition in Autism: Impaired Mentalizing But Intact Sense of Agency / Nicole DAVID in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-4 (April 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-4 (April 2008) . - p.593-605 Titre : Dissociation Between Key Processes of Social Cognition in Autism: Impaired Mentalizing But Intact Sense of Agency Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Astrid GAWRONSKI, Auteur ; Natacha S. SANTOS, Auteur ; Wolfgang HUFF, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Albert NEWEN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.593-605 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mentalizing Sense-of-agency High-functioning-autism Asperger-syndrome Action-monitoring Self-other-distinction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in social cognition and interaction, such as in mentalizing and imitation behavior, are hallmark features of autism spectrum disorders. Both imitation and mentalizing are at the core of the sense of agency, the awareness that we are the initiators of our own behavior. Little evidence exists regarding the sense of agency in autism. Thus, we compared high-functioning adults with autism to healthy control subjects using an action monitoring and attribution task. Subjects with autism did not show deficits in this task, yet they showed significant mentalizing deficits. Our findings indicate a dissociation between the sense of agency and ascription of mental states in autism. We propose that social-cognitive deficits in autism may arise on a higher level than that of action monitoring and awareness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0425-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340 [article] Dissociation Between Key Processes of Social Cognition in Autism: Impaired Mentalizing But Intact Sense of Agency [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Astrid GAWRONSKI, Auteur ; Natacha S. SANTOS, Auteur ; Wolfgang HUFF, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Albert NEWEN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.593-605. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-4 (April 2008) . - p.593-605 Mots-clés : Mentalizing Sense-of-agency High-functioning-autism Asperger-syndrome Action-monitoring Self-other-distinction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in social cognition and interaction, such as in mentalizing and imitation behavior, are hallmark features of autism spectrum disorders. Both imitation and mentalizing are at the core of the sense of agency, the awareness that we are the initiators of our own behavior. Little evidence exists regarding the sense of agency in autism. Thus, we compared high-functioning adults with autism to healthy control subjects using an action monitoring and attribution task. Subjects with autism did not show deficits in this task, yet they showed significant mentalizing deficits. Our findings indicate a dissociation between the sense of agency and ascription of mental states in autism. We propose that social-cognitive deficits in autism may arise on a higher level than that of action monitoring and awareness. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0425-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=340

Investigation of Mentalizing and Visuospatial Perspective Taking for Self and Other in Asperger Syndrome / Nicole DAVID in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-3 (March 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-3 (March 2010) . - p.290-299 Titre : Investigation of Mentalizing and Visuospatial Perspective Taking for Self and Other in Asperger Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Natacha S. SANTOS, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Carolin AUMANN, Auteur ; Bettina H. BEWERNICK, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.290-299 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social-cognition Mentalizing Visuospatial-perspective-taking- Asperger-Syndrome Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mentalizing refers to making inferences about other people’s mental states, whereas visuospatial perspective taking refers to inferring other people’s viewpoints. Both abilities seem vital for social functioning; yet, their exact relationship is unclear. We directly compared mentalizing and visuospatial perspective taking in nineteen adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) and fifteen control participants with the same stimulus material. Stimuli depicted virtual characters surrounded by two different objects. Virtual characters expressed a preference for one of the objects indicated by facial expression, gestures or head/body orientation. Compared to controls, participants with AS showed significantly increased reaction times and decreased accuracy for mentalizing (i.e., when inferring the virtual character’s preference from the character’s nonverbal bodily cues). By contrast, there were no significant group differences in perspective taking (i.e., by mental own-body transformations). These findings demonstrate, first, specific deficits in AS when mental states have to be inferred from nonverbal social cues. Second, visuospatial perspective taking may not necessarily be related to social impairments occurring in autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0867-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=966 [article] Investigation of Mentalizing and Visuospatial Perspective Taking for Self and Other in Asperger Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicole DAVID, Auteur ; Natacha S. SANTOS, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Carolin AUMANN, Auteur ; Bettina H. BEWERNICK, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.290-299. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-3 (March 2010) . - p.290-299 Mots-clés : Social-cognition Mentalizing Visuospatial-perspective-taking- Asperger-Syndrome Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mentalizing refers to making inferences about other people’s mental states, whereas visuospatial perspective taking refers to inferring other people’s viewpoints. Both abilities seem vital for social functioning; yet, their exact relationship is unclear. We directly compared mentalizing and visuospatial perspective taking in nineteen adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) and fifteen control participants with the same stimulus material. Stimuli depicted virtual characters surrounded by two different objects. Virtual characters expressed a preference for one of the objects indicated by facial expression, gestures or head/body orientation. Compared to controls, participants with AS showed significantly increased reaction times and decreased accuracy for mentalizing (i.e., when inferring the virtual character’s preference from the character’s nonverbal bodily cues). By contrast, there were no significant group differences in perspective taking (i.e., by mental own-body transformations). These findings demonstrate, first, specific deficits in AS when mental states have to be inferred from nonverbal social cues. Second, visuospatial perspective taking may not necessarily be related to social impairments occurring in autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0867-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=966

A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism / Bojana KUZMANOVIC in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-1 (January-March 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.604-613 Titre : A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bojana KUZMANOVIC, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.604-613 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Impression-formation High-functioning-autism Verbal Nonverbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical intuition and resent research (Senju et al., 2009) suggests that adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) are able to use explicit verbal information but fail to react upon subtle nonverbal cues in order to understand others and navigate social encounters. In order to investigate the relative influence of different domains of socially relevant information in HFA as compared to matched controls, we used verbal and nonverbal stimuli as a basis for an interpersonal impression formation task. Results demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to nonverbal cues in individuals with HFA when consideration of conflicting information from the different domains was required, although HFA participants could well evaluate nonverbal stimuli in isolation. Thus, in a more complex experimental setting nonverbal information had a comparably weak impact on the impression formation confirming that social processing is preferentially based on verbal information in HFA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111 [article] A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bojana KUZMANOVIC, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.604-613. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.604-613 Mots-clés : Impression-formation High-functioning-autism Verbal Nonverbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical intuition and resent research (Senju et al., 2009) suggests that adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) are able to use explicit verbal information but fail to react upon subtle nonverbal cues in order to understand others and navigate social encounters. In order to investigate the relative influence of different domains of socially relevant information in HFA as compared to matched controls, we used verbal and nonverbal stimuli as a basis for an interpersonal impression formation task. Results demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to nonverbal cues in individuals with HFA when consideration of conflicting information from the different domains was required, although HFA participants could well evaluate nonverbal stimuli in isolation. Thus, in a more complex experimental setting nonverbal information had a comparably weak impact on the impression formation confirming that social processing is preferentially based on verbal information in HFA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111

Sex-Related Cognitive Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosed Late in Life: Implications for the Female Autistic Phenotype / Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-1 (January 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.139-154 Titre : Sex-Related Cognitive Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosed Late in Life: Implications for the Female Autistic Phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Christine Michaela FALTER, Auteur ; Astrid GAWRONSKI, Auteur ; Kathleen PFEIFFER, Auteur ; Ralf TEPEST, Auteur ; Jeremy FRANKLIN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.139-154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autisme féminin  Autism spectrum disorder  Adulthood  Cognitive profile  Female autistic phenotype  Processing speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Females with high-functioning ASD are known to camouflage their autistic symptoms better than their male counterparts, making them prone to being under-ascertained and delayed in diagnostic assessment. Thus far the underlying cognitive processes that enable such successful socio-communicative adaptation are not well understood. The current results show sex-related differences in the cognitive profile of ASD individuals, which were diagnosed late in life exclusively. Higher verbal abilities were found in males (n = 69) as opposed to higher processing speed and better executive functions in females with ASD (n = 38). Since both sexes remained unidentified during childhood and adolescence, these results are suggestive for sex-distinctive cognitive strategies as an alternative to typically-developed reciprocal social behavior and social mimicry in high functioning ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2558-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 [article] Sex-Related Cognitive Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosed Late in Life: Implications for the Female Autistic Phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Christine Michaela FALTER, Auteur ; Astrid GAWRONSKI, Auteur ; Kathleen PFEIFFER, Auteur ; Ralf TEPEST, Auteur ; Jeremy FRANKLIN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.139-154. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.139-154 Mots-clés : Autisme féminin  Autism spectrum disorder  Adulthood  Cognitive profile  Female autistic phenotype  Processing speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Females with high-functioning ASD are known to camouflage their autistic symptoms better than their male counterparts, making them prone to being under-ascertained and delayed in diagnostic assessment. Thus far the underlying cognitive processes that enable such successful socio-communicative adaptation are not well understood. The current results show sex-related differences in the cognitive profile of ASD individuals, which were diagnosed late in life exclusively. Higher verbal abilities were found in males (n = 69) as opposed to higher processing speed and better executive functions in females with ASD (n = 38). Since both sexes remained unidentified during childhood and adolescence, these results are suggestive for sex-distinctive cognitive strategies as an alternative to typically-developed reciprocal social behavior and social mimicry in high functioning ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2558-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278

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