Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder / Marilena M. DEMAYO in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.859-872 Titre : Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Yun Ju C. SONG, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.859-872 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)  biomarker  children  magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)  neurochemistry  parietal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4-12?year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age-related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p?= 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults. LAY SUMMARY: This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859-872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Yun Ju C. SONG, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.859-872. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.859-872 Mots-clés : GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)  biomarker  children  magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)  neurochemistry  parietal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4-12?year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age-related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p?= 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults. LAY SUMMARY: This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859-872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Association of maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections with offspring autism spectrum disorder: A population-based cohort study / Timothy C. NIELSEN in Autism Research, 15-12 (December 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-12 (December 2022) . - p.2371-2380 Titre : Association of maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections with offspring autism spectrum disorder: A population-based cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Timothy C. NIELSEN, Auteur ; Natasha NASSAR, Auteur ; Antonia W. SHAND, Auteur ; Hannah F. JONES, Auteur ; Velda X. HAN, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur ; Russell C DALE, Auteur ; Samantha J. LAIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2371-2380 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology/etiology  Cohort Studies  Odds Ratio  Logistic Models  Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology/complications  Australia  autism Spectrum disorder  autoimmune diseases  infections  pregnancy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this study was to examine potential synergistic effects between maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections and their association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. Both exposures have been associated with increased risk of ASD in previous studies, but potential synergistic effects remain underexplored. We conducted a population-based cohort study of singleton children born at term gestation (37-41 weeks) in New South Wales, Australia from January 2002 to December 2008. Maternal autoimmune diagnoses and childhood infections before age 2 years were identified from linked maternal and child hospital admissions, and ASD diagnoses by age 9 years were identified from linked disability services data. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between each exposure and ASD and additive interaction between exposures, controlling for potential confounders. A total of 18,451 children exposed to maternal autoimmune disease were propensity score matched (1:2) to 36,902 unexposed children. Any maternal autoimmune disease (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.47) and any childhood infection before age 2 years (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15-1.67) were each associated with ASD. However, there was no evidence of additive interaction between the two exposures (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] 0.128, 95% CI -0.418-0.675) resulting in increased odds of ASD in offspring. Future studies could examine potential interactions between other sources of maternal immune activation and childhood infection and impact on ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2824 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Association of maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections with offspring autism spectrum disorder: A population-based cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Timothy C. NIELSEN, Auteur ; Natasha NASSAR, Auteur ; Antonia W. SHAND, Auteur ; Hannah F. JONES, Auteur ; Velda X. HAN, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur ; Russell C DALE, Auteur ; Samantha J. LAIN, Auteur . - p.2371-2380. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-12 (December 2022) . - p.2371-2380 Mots-clés : Child  Child, Preschool  Humans  Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology/etiology  Cohort Studies  Odds Ratio  Logistic Models  Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology/complications  Australia  autism Spectrum disorder  autoimmune diseases  infections  pregnancy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this study was to examine potential synergistic effects between maternal autoimmune disease and early childhood infections and their association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. Both exposures have been associated with increased risk of ASD in previous studies, but potential synergistic effects remain underexplored. We conducted a population-based cohort study of singleton children born at term gestation (37-41 weeks) in New South Wales, Australia from January 2002 to December 2008. Maternal autoimmune diagnoses and childhood infections before age 2 years were identified from linked maternal and child hospital admissions, and ASD diagnoses by age 9 years were identified from linked disability services data. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between each exposure and ASD and additive interaction between exposures, controlling for potential confounders. A total of 18,451 children exposed to maternal autoimmune disease were propensity score matched (1:2) to 36,902 unexposed children. Any maternal autoimmune disease (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.47) and any childhood infection before age 2 years (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15-1.67) were each associated with ASD. However, there was no evidence of additive interaction between the two exposures (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] 0.128, 95% CI -0.418-0.675) resulting in increased odds of ASD in offspring. Future studies could examine potential interactions between other sources of maternal immune activation and childhood infection and impact on ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2824 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity / Rinku THAPA in Autism Research, 14-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.75-95 Titre : Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma THOMAS, Auteur ; Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; Slade MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Indra SEDELI, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.75-95 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autonomic nervous system  heart rate variability  parasympathetic nervous system  psychotropic medication  social development  sympathetic nervous system  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a common marker of autonomic dysfunction that contributes to poor health outcomes. While some studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show reduced HRV, research is yet to consider whether this may be associated with medication use and symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between resting state HRV, medication use and symptom severity in children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD (N = 86), aged between 3 and 12?years (M = 8.09), were compared to 44 neurotypical children of similar age (M = 7.15). Laboratory assessment of HRV involved 5?min of non-invasive baseline electrocardiogram assessments while participants viewed an age-appropriate non-verbal animated video. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures were analyzed. ASD symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results indicated that children with ASD exhibited reduced resting HRV relative to neurotypical children. Subsequent analyses within the ASD group suggested that this group difference was greater in children who were taking psychotropic medication (N = 36). Our data also provides tentative evidence of a relationship between HRV and social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, with more severe repetitive behaviors (as measured by the ADOS-2) associated with decreased resting HRV. Overall, these findings suggest that HRV may be atypical in children with ASD and suggest the importance of exploring HRV as a risk factor for cardiovascular health in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Cardiac activity, such as heart rate variability (HRV), can provide insight into the autonomic nervous system. This study reports on the association between resting-state HRV and autonomic nervous system activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children. These results may help us understand what underlies autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2437 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441 [article] Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma THOMAS, Auteur ; Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; Slade MATTHEWS, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Indra SEDELI, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.75-95. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-1 (January 2021) . - p.75-95 Mots-clés : autonomic nervous system  heart rate variability  parasympathetic nervous system  psychotropic medication  social development  sympathetic nervous system  symptom severity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a common marker of autonomic dysfunction that contributes to poor health outcomes. While some studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show reduced HRV, research is yet to consider whether this may be associated with medication use and symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between resting state HRV, medication use and symptom severity in children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD (N = 86), aged between 3 and 12?years (M = 8.09), were compared to 44 neurotypical children of similar age (M = 7.15). Laboratory assessment of HRV involved 5?min of non-invasive baseline electrocardiogram assessments while participants viewed an age-appropriate non-verbal animated video. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV measures were analyzed. ASD symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2). Results indicated that children with ASD exhibited reduced resting HRV relative to neurotypical children. Subsequent analyses within the ASD group suggested that this group difference was greater in children who were taking psychotropic medication (N = 36). Our data also provides tentative evidence of a relationship between HRV and social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, with more severe repetitive behaviors (as measured by the ADOS-2) associated with decreased resting HRV. Overall, these findings suggest that HRV may be atypical in children with ASD and suggest the importance of exploring HRV as a risk factor for cardiovascular health in this group. LAY SUMMARY: Cardiac activity, such as heart rate variability (HRV), can provide insight into the autonomic nervous system. This study reports on the association between resting-state HRV and autonomic nervous system activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children. These results may help us understand what underlies autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2437 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441

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