A "choice", an "addiction", a way "out of the lost": exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 18 p. Titre : A "choice", an "addiction", a way "out of the lost": exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alexithymia  Autism  Qualitative  Self-harm  Self-injury  Sensory differences  Suicidality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) describes a phenomenon where individuals inflict deliberate pain and tissue damage to their bodies. Self-injurious behaviour is especially prevalent across the autism spectrum, but little is understood about the features and functions of self-injury for autistic individuals without intellectual disability, or about the risk factors that might be valuable for clinical usage in this group. Methods: One hundred and three autistic adults who responded to an online advertisement were classified as current, historic or non-self-harmers in accordance with responses to the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool (NSSI-AT). Multinomial regression aimed to predict categorisation of participants in accordance with scores on tests of autistic traits, alexithymia, depression, anxiety, mentalising and sensory sensitivity. Linear regression examined relationships between these predictors and the range, frequency, lifetime occurrence and functional purposes of NSSI. Qualitative analysis explored the therapeutic interventions that participants had found helpful, and what they wished people understood about self-injury. Results: Current, historic and non-self-harming participants did not differ in age, age at diagnosis, male-to-female ratio, level of employment or education (the majority qualified to at least degree level). The most common function of NSSI was the regulation of low-energy affective states (depression, dissociation), followed by the regulation of high-energy states such as anger and anxiety. Alexithymia significantly predicted the categorisation of participants as current, historic or non-self-harmers, and predicted use of NSSI for regulating high-energy states and communicating distress to others. Depression, anxiety and sensory-sensitivity also differentiated participant groups, and sensory differences also predicted the range of bodily areas targeted, lifetime incidence and frequency of NSSI. Sensory differences, difficulty expressing and identifying emotions also emerged as problematic in the qualitative analysis, where participants expressed the need for compassion, patience, non-judgement and the need to recognise diversity between self-harmers, with some participants perceiving NSSI as a practical, non-problematic coping strategy. Conclusions: Alexithymia, depression, anxiety and sensory differences may place some autistic individuals at especial risk of self-injury. Investigating the involvement of these variables and their utility for identification and treatment is of high importance, and the voices of participants offer guidance to practitioners confronted with NSSI in their autistic clients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0267-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398 [article] A "choice", an "addiction", a way "out of the lost": exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability [texte imprimé] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 18 p. Mots-clés : Alexithymia  Autism  Qualitative  Self-harm  Self-injury  Sensory differences  Suicidality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) describes a phenomenon where individuals inflict deliberate pain and tissue damage to their bodies. Self-injurious behaviour is especially prevalent across the autism spectrum, but little is understood about the features and functions of self-injury for autistic individuals without intellectual disability, or about the risk factors that might be valuable for clinical usage in this group. Methods: One hundred and three autistic adults who responded to an online advertisement were classified as current, historic or non-self-harmers in accordance with responses to the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool (NSSI-AT). Multinomial regression aimed to predict categorisation of participants in accordance with scores on tests of autistic traits, alexithymia, depression, anxiety, mentalising and sensory sensitivity. Linear regression examined relationships between these predictors and the range, frequency, lifetime occurrence and functional purposes of NSSI. Qualitative analysis explored the therapeutic interventions that participants had found helpful, and what they wished people understood about self-injury. Results: Current, historic and non-self-harming participants did not differ in age, age at diagnosis, male-to-female ratio, level of employment or education (the majority qualified to at least degree level). The most common function of NSSI was the regulation of low-energy affective states (depression, dissociation), followed by the regulation of high-energy states such as anger and anxiety. Alexithymia significantly predicted the categorisation of participants as current, historic or non-self-harmers, and predicted use of NSSI for regulating high-energy states and communicating distress to others. Depression, anxiety and sensory-sensitivity also differentiated participant groups, and sensory differences also predicted the range of bodily areas targeted, lifetime incidence and frequency of NSSI. Sensory differences, difficulty expressing and identifying emotions also emerged as problematic in the qualitative analysis, where participants expressed the need for compassion, patience, non-judgement and the need to recognise diversity between self-harmers, with some participants perceiving NSSI as a practical, non-problematic coping strategy. Conclusions: Alexithymia, depression, anxiety and sensory differences may place some autistic individuals at especial risk of self-injury. Investigating the involvement of these variables and their utility for identification and treatment is of high importance, and the voices of participants offer guidance to practitioners confronted with NSSI in their autistic clients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0267-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398

Correction to: The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 16 p. Titre : Correction to: The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; C. ALLISON, Auteur ; S. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 16 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00496-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Correction to: The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults [texte imprimé] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; C. ALLISON, Auteur ; S. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 16 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 16 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00496-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults / R. L. MOSELEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-7 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-7 (July 2022) . - p.3246-3259 Titre : Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; C. H. LIU, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3246-3259 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Cognition  Humans  Mentalization  Self Concept  Loneliness  Mentalizing  Self-bias  Self-representation  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cognitive representation of oneself is central to other sociocognitive processes, including relations with others. It is reflected in faster, more accurate processing of self-relevant information, a "self-prioritisation effect" (SPE) which is inconsistent across studies in autism. Across two tasks with autistic and non-autistic participants, we explored the SPE and its relationship to autistic traits, mentalizing ability and loneliness. A SPE was intact in both groups, but together the two tasks suggested a reduced tendency of late-diagnosed autistic participants to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar others and greater ease disengaging from the self-concept. Correlations too revealed a complex picture, which we attempt to explore and disentangle with reference to the inconsistency across self-processing studies in autism, highlighting implications for future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05251-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults [texte imprimé] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; C. H. LIU, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUI, Auteur . - p.3246-3259. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-7 (July 2022) . - p.3246-3259 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Cognition  Humans  Mentalization  Self Concept  Loneliness  Mentalizing  Self-bias  Self-representation  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cognitive representation of oneself is central to other sociocognitive processes, including relations with others. It is reflected in faster, more accurate processing of self-relevant information, a "self-prioritisation effect" (SPE) which is inconsistent across studies in autism. Across two tasks with autistic and non-autistic participants, we explored the SPE and its relationship to autistic traits, mentalizing ability and loneliness. A SPE was intact in both groups, but together the two tasks suggested a reduced tendency of late-diagnosed autistic participants to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar others and greater ease disengaging from the self-concept. Correlations too revealed a complex picture, which we attempt to explore and disentangle with reference to the inconsistency across self-processing studies in autism, highlighting implications for future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05251-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Links between self-injury and suicidality in autism / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 14 p. Titre : Links between self-injury and suicidality in autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Self-injury  Suicidality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autistic individuals without intellectual disability are at heightened risk of self-injury, and appear to engage in it for similar reasons as non-autistic people. A wide divergence of autistic perspectives on self-injury, including those who frame it as a helpful coping mechanism, motivate investigating the link between self-injury, suicide ideation, and attempts which has been reported in typically developing individuals. METHOD: One hundred three autistic participants completed the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool (NSSI-AT), the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-R), and the Interpersonal Social Evaluation List (ISEL-12) across two online studies. Logistic regression was conducted to predict self-harming status via responses to questions on suicidality, and to predict whether certain self-injurious behaviors, including cutting, were especially associated with suicide ideation and attempts. Non-parametric correlation analysis examined relationships between suicide ideation/attempts and other variables that might characterize self-harmers especially at risk of suicidality. These included perceived access to social support, purposes or reasons for self-injury, the number of different self-injurious behaviors engaged in, the duration and lifetime incidence of self-injury, and the individual's feelings about their self-injury. RESULTS: While self-injuring status was significantly predicted by responses to a question on suicide ideation and attempts, there was no relationship between suicide ideation/attempts and a participant's personal feelings about their self-injury. The method of cutting was also predicted by suicide ideation and attempts, though other methods common in autistic people were at borderline significance. Use of self-injury for the regulation of low-energy emotional states like depression, for self-punishment or deterrence from suicide, and for sensory stimulation, was associated with suicide ideation and attempts, as was the number of self-injurious behaviors engaged in. There was no significant relationship between suicide ideation/attempts and the duration and lifetime incidence of self-injury or social support. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that while individuals might frame their self-injury as a positive or neutral thing, there remains a concerning relationship between self-injury and suicidality which exists regardless of individual feelings on self-injury. This is consistent with the theoretical perspective that self-injury can be a "gateway" through which individuals acquire capability for lethal suicidal behaviors. The data highlight that particular methods (cutting) and reasons for self-injury may be of significant concern, but this information, which might be of extreme value for clinicians, requires further investigation and validation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0319-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 [article] Links between self-injury and suicidality in autism [texte imprimé] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 14 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Self-injury  Suicidality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autistic individuals without intellectual disability are at heightened risk of self-injury, and appear to engage in it for similar reasons as non-autistic people. A wide divergence of autistic perspectives on self-injury, including those who frame it as a helpful coping mechanism, motivate investigating the link between self-injury, suicide ideation, and attempts which has been reported in typically developing individuals. METHOD: One hundred three autistic participants completed the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool (NSSI-AT), the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-R), and the Interpersonal Social Evaluation List (ISEL-12) across two online studies. Logistic regression was conducted to predict self-harming status via responses to questions on suicidality, and to predict whether certain self-injurious behaviors, including cutting, were especially associated with suicide ideation and attempts. Non-parametric correlation analysis examined relationships between suicide ideation/attempts and other variables that might characterize self-harmers especially at risk of suicidality. These included perceived access to social support, purposes or reasons for self-injury, the number of different self-injurious behaviors engaged in, the duration and lifetime incidence of self-injury, and the individual's feelings about their self-injury. RESULTS: While self-injuring status was significantly predicted by responses to a question on suicide ideation and attempts, there was no relationship between suicide ideation/attempts and a participant's personal feelings about their self-injury. The method of cutting was also predicted by suicide ideation and attempts, though other methods common in autistic people were at borderline significance. Use of self-injury for the regulation of low-energy emotional states like depression, for self-punishment or deterrence from suicide, and for sensory stimulation, was associated with suicide ideation and attempts, as was the number of self-injurious behaviors engaged in. There was no significant relationship between suicide ideation/attempts and the duration and lifetime incidence of self-injury or social support. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that while individuals might frame their self-injury as a positive or neutral thing, there remains a concerning relationship between self-injury and suicidality which exists regardless of individual feelings on self-injury. This is consistent with the theoretical perspective that self-injury can be a "gateway" through which individuals acquire capability for lethal suicidal behaviors. The data highlight that particular methods (cutting) and reasons for self-injury may be of significant concern, but this information, which might be of extreme value for clinicians, requires further investigation and validation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-0319-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427

Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample / Rachel L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 45 p. Titre : Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 45 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Female  Suicidal Ideation  Cross-Sectional Studies  Risk Factors  Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology  Pain  Acquired capability  Nssi  Suicide  have no competing interests. Professor Baron-Cohen declares a competing interest  as per his role as Editor-in-Chief at Molecular Autism. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been linked with a higher risk of suicide attempts in autistic and non-autistic people. In the general population, NSSI may confer acquired capability for suicide by eroding one's fear and avoidance of pain and death. The present study aimed to explore acquired capability as the mediator of increased suicide risk conferred by NSSI in autistic and non-autistic adults. METHODS: Autistic and non-autistic adults (n=314, n=312) completed an online survey exploring lifetime suicide attempts, experience with NSSI, and acquired capability for suicide. We explored relationships between lifetime incidence of NSSI and lifetime suicide attempts via three facets of acquired capability (pain tolerance, reduced fear of death, and mental rehearsal of suicide). In self-harming participants (224 autistic and 156 non-autistic), we explored whether particular types and features of NSSI might be especially associated with capability and through that with suicide: namely engagement in scratching, cutting, and self-hitting, and engaging in more numerous forms of NSSI. RESULTS: While a higher frequency of NSSI was associated with all three facets of acquired capability, only reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal of suicide mediated an indirect relationship with lifetime suicide attempts. NSSI also directly predicted more numerous suicide attempts. Autistic people tended towards reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal regardless of NSSI status. Among self-harming autistic and non-autistic participants, cutting and an increased number of NSSI behaviours were associated with lifetime suicide attempts directly and indirectly via acquired capability. In both groups, self-hitting was associated with lifetime suicide attempts only via acquired capability. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional methodology negates inferences of directionality. While we controlled for age, our samples were poorly matched, with the autistic group two times older on average. The autistic sample, predominantly late-diagnosed, female and highly qualified, were unrepresentative of the whole autistic community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acquired capability, as measured herein, is an incomplete explanation for the association between NSSI and suicide risk. A broader construct with stable and transient facets may offer greater explanatory power, but it is probable that other variables explain or provide additional means through which this association arises. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00522-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 [article] Non-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample [texte imprimé] / Rachel L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; Nicola J. GREGORY, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 45 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 45 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Humans  Female  Suicidal Ideation  Cross-Sectional Studies  Risk Factors  Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology  Pain  Acquired capability  Nssi  Suicide  have no competing interests. Professor Baron-Cohen declares a competing interest  as per his role as Editor-in-Chief at Molecular Autism. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been linked with a higher risk of suicide attempts in autistic and non-autistic people. In the general population, NSSI may confer acquired capability for suicide by eroding one's fear and avoidance of pain and death. The present study aimed to explore acquired capability as the mediator of increased suicide risk conferred by NSSI in autistic and non-autistic adults. METHODS: Autistic and non-autistic adults (n=314, n=312) completed an online survey exploring lifetime suicide attempts, experience with NSSI, and acquired capability for suicide. We explored relationships between lifetime incidence of NSSI and lifetime suicide attempts via three facets of acquired capability (pain tolerance, reduced fear of death, and mental rehearsal of suicide). In self-harming participants (224 autistic and 156 non-autistic), we explored whether particular types and features of NSSI might be especially associated with capability and through that with suicide: namely engagement in scratching, cutting, and self-hitting, and engaging in more numerous forms of NSSI. RESULTS: While a higher frequency of NSSI was associated with all three facets of acquired capability, only reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal of suicide mediated an indirect relationship with lifetime suicide attempts. NSSI also directly predicted more numerous suicide attempts. Autistic people tended towards reduced fear of death and mental rehearsal regardless of NSSI status. Among self-harming autistic and non-autistic participants, cutting and an increased number of NSSI behaviours were associated with lifetime suicide attempts directly and indirectly via acquired capability. In both groups, self-hitting was associated with lifetime suicide attempts only via acquired capability. LIMITATIONS: Our cross-sectional methodology negates inferences of directionality. While we controlled for age, our samples were poorly matched, with the autistic group two times older on average. The autistic sample, predominantly late-diagnosed, female and highly qualified, were unrepresentative of the whole autistic community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that acquired capability, as measured herein, is an incomplete explanation for the association between NSSI and suicide risk. A broader construct with stable and transient facets may offer greater explanatory power, but it is probable that other variables explain or provide additional means through which this association arises. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00522-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491

Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people / Beatriz LOPEZ in Autism, 27-8 (November 2023)  

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The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

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