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Auteur Carrie ALLISON |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (70)
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Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults / Laura HULL in Autism, 24-2 (February 2020)
[article]
Titre : Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura HULL, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.352-363 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adult autism camouflaging compensation females gender differences masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social camouflaging describes the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic characteristics during social interactions. A newly developed self-reported measure of camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire) was used in an online survey to measure gender differences in autistic (n = 306) and non-autistic adults (n = 472) without intellectual disability for the first time. Controlling for age and autistic-like traits, an interaction between gender and diagnostic status was found: autistic females demonstrated higher total camouflaging scores than autistic males (partial eta(2) = 0.08), but there was no camouflaging gender difference for non-autistic people. Autistic females scored higher than males on two of three Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales: Masking (partial eta(2) = 0.05) and Assimilation (partial eta(2) = 0.06), but not on the Compensation subscale. No differences were found between non-autistic males and females on any subscale. No differences were found between non-binary individuals and other genders in either autistic or non-autistic groups, although samples were underpowered. These findings support previous observations of greater camouflaging in autistic females than males and demonstrate for the first time no self-reported gender difference in non-autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319864804 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415
in Autism > 24-2 (February 2020) . - p.352-363[article] Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura HULL, Auteur ; Meng-Chuan LAI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; K. V. PETRIDES, Auteur ; William MANDY, Auteur . - p.352-363.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 24-2 (February 2020) . - p.352-363
Mots-clés : adult autism camouflaging compensation females gender differences masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social camouflaging describes the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic characteristics during social interactions. A newly developed self-reported measure of camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire) was used in an online survey to measure gender differences in autistic (n = 306) and non-autistic adults (n = 472) without intellectual disability for the first time. Controlling for age and autistic-like traits, an interaction between gender and diagnostic status was found: autistic females demonstrated higher total camouflaging scores than autistic males (partial eta(2) = 0.08), but there was no camouflaging gender difference for non-autistic people. Autistic females scored higher than males on two of three Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales: Masking (partial eta(2) = 0.05) and Assimilation (partial eta(2) = 0.06), but not on the Compensation subscale. No differences were found between non-autistic males and females on any subscale. No differences were found between non-binary individuals and other genders in either autistic or non-autistic groups, although samples were underpowered. These findings support previous observations of greater camouflaging in autistic females than males and demonstrate for the first time no self-reported gender difference in non-autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319864804 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415 Genes related to sex steroids, neural growth, and social-emotional behavior are associated with autistic traits, empathy, and Asperger syndrome / Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI in Autism Research, 2-3 (June 2009)
[article]
Titre : Genes related to sex steroids, neural growth, and social-emotional behavior are associated with autistic traits, empathy, and Asperger syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; F. DUDBRIDGE, Auteur ; G. HILL-CAWTHORNE, Auteur ; Sharmila BANERJEE-BASU, Auteur ; Lindsey KENT, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.157-177 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : genetics Asperger-syndrome autism empathy autistic-traits visual-search emotion-recognition SNP broader-autism-phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Genetic studies of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have mostly focused on the low functioning severe clinical subgroup, treating it as a rare disorder. However, ASC is now thought to be relatively common (1%), and representing one end of a quasi-normal distribution of autistic traits in the general population. Here we report a study of common genetic variation in candidate genes associated with autistic traits and Asperger syndrome (AS). We tested single nucleotide polymorphisms in 68 candidate genes in three functional groups (sex steroid synthesis/transport, neural connectivity, and social-emotional responsivity) in two experiments. These were (a) an association study of relevant behavioral traits (the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)) in a population sample (n=349); and (b) a case-control association study on a sample of people with AS, a high-functioning subgroup of ASC (n=174). 27 genes showed a nominally significant association with autistic traits and/or ASC diagnosis. Of these, 19 genes showed nominally significant association with AQ/EQ. In the sex steroid group, this included ESR2 and CYP11B1. In the neural connectivity group, this included HOXA1, NTRK1, and NLGN4X. In the socio-responsivity behavior group, this included MAOB, AVPR1B, and WFS1. Fourteen genes showed nominally significant association with AS. In the sex steroid group, this included CYP17A1 and CYP19A1. In the socio-emotional behavior group, this included OXT. Six genes were nominally associated in both experiments, providing a partial replication. Eleven genes survived family wise error rate (FWER) correction using permutations across both experiments, which is greater than would be expected by chance. CYP11B1 and NTRK1 emerged as significantly associated genes in both experiments, after FWER correction (P<0.05). This is the first candidate-gene association study of AS and of autistic traits. The most promising candidate genes require independent replication and fine mapping. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.80 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=937
in Autism Research > 2-3 (June 2009) . - p.157-177[article] Genes related to sex steroids, neural growth, and social-emotional behavior are associated with autistic traits, empathy, and Asperger syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; F. DUDBRIDGE, Auteur ; G. HILL-CAWTHORNE, Auteur ; Sharmila BANERJEE-BASU, Auteur ; Lindsey KENT, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.157-177.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 2-3 (June 2009) . - p.157-177
Mots-clés : genetics Asperger-syndrome autism empathy autistic-traits visual-search emotion-recognition SNP broader-autism-phenotype Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Genetic studies of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have mostly focused on the low functioning severe clinical subgroup, treating it as a rare disorder. However, ASC is now thought to be relatively common (1%), and representing one end of a quasi-normal distribution of autistic traits in the general population. Here we report a study of common genetic variation in candidate genes associated with autistic traits and Asperger syndrome (AS). We tested single nucleotide polymorphisms in 68 candidate genes in three functional groups (sex steroid synthesis/transport, neural connectivity, and social-emotional responsivity) in two experiments. These were (a) an association study of relevant behavioral traits (the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)) in a population sample (n=349); and (b) a case-control association study on a sample of people with AS, a high-functioning subgroup of ASC (n=174). 27 genes showed a nominally significant association with autistic traits and/or ASC diagnosis. Of these, 19 genes showed nominally significant association with AQ/EQ. In the sex steroid group, this included ESR2 and CYP11B1. In the neural connectivity group, this included HOXA1, NTRK1, and NLGN4X. In the socio-responsivity behavior group, this included MAOB, AVPR1B, and WFS1. Fourteen genes showed nominally significant association with AS. In the sex steroid group, this included CYP17A1 and CYP19A1. In the socio-emotional behavior group, this included OXT. Six genes were nominally associated in both experiments, providing a partial replication. Eleven genes survived family wise error rate (FWER) correction using permutations across both experiments, which is greater than would be expected by chance. CYP11B1 and NTRK1 emerged as significantly associated genes in both experiments, after FWER correction (P<0.05). This is the first candidate-gene association study of AS and of autistic traits. The most promising candidate genes require independent replication and fine mapping. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.80 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=937 Increased prevalence of non-communicable physical health conditions among autistic adults / Elizabeth WEIR in Autism, 25-3 (April 2021)
[article]
Titre : Increased prevalence of non-communicable physical health conditions among autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.681-694 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorders health services medical comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research indicates autistic individuals die at a younger age than others and that this is possibly due in part to chronic physical health conditions. The present study used an anonymous, online survey to determine how common certain physical health conditions are among autistic adults, compared with non-autistic adults. We found autistic adults are more likely to develop heart conditions, lung conditions, and diabetes than non-autistic adults. Autistic females may be at higher risk of developing certain conditions (including respiratory conditions, asthma, and prediabetes) than autistic males. Finally, autistic individuals have increased health risks even when considering lifestyle factors (such as smoking, alcohol, and body mass index). This is still a relatively small study, and future research needs to confirm these findings and identify why these risks exist. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320953652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444
in Autism > 25-3 (April 2021) . - p.681-694[article] Increased prevalence of non-communicable physical health conditions among autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - p.681-694.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 25-3 (April 2021) . - p.681-694
Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorders health services medical comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous research indicates autistic individuals die at a younger age than others and that this is possibly due in part to chronic physical health conditions. The present study used an anonymous, online survey to determine how common certain physical health conditions are among autistic adults, compared with non-autistic adults. We found autistic adults are more likely to develop heart conditions, lung conditions, and diabetes than non-autistic adults. Autistic females may be at higher risk of developing certain conditions (including respiratory conditions, asthma, and prediabetes) than autistic males. Finally, autistic individuals have increased health risks even when considering lifestyle factors (such as smoking, alcohol, and body mass index). This is still a relatively small study, and future research needs to confirm these findings and identify why these risks exist. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320953652 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults / Elizabeth WEIR ; Carrie ALLISON ; Simon BARON-COHEN in Molecular Autism, 14 (2023)
[article]
Titre : Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 35 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The poorer physical health of autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults has been highlighted by several epidemiological studies. However, research has so far been limited to specific geographical areas and has primarily focused on young autistic individuals (aged 35 years and younger). Recent studies indicate a higher rate of mortality in autistic people, as well as poorer quality of self-reported healthcare interactions. This study aims to determine, first, whether autistic people experience greater levels of non-communicable health conditions and second, whether these are explained by differences in demographics (i.e. sex, country of residence, ethnicity, education level), alcohol use, smoking, body mass index (BMI), or family history of medical conditions. METHOD: We employed a cross-sectional, convenience-sampling study via an anonymous, online survey of autistic and non-autistic adults (n=2305, mean age=41.6, 65.9% female, 49% autistic). The survey asked participants to self-report information about their demographics, autism diagnosis, diet, exercise, sleep, sexual health, substance use, personal medical history, and family medical history (for all first-degree, biological relatives). Binomial logistic regression across four iterative models of increasing complexity was applied to assess rates of physical health conditions. The Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used to account for multiple testing, and only physical health conditions that achieved at least 1% endorsement within the overall sample (n>22) were included in the analysis to reduce risk of Type I errors. We also used novel network analysis methods to test whether there are increased levels of multimorbidity between autistic and non-autistic people. RESULTS: There were significantly elevated rates of non-communicable conditions across all organ systems in autistic people, including gastrointestinal, neurological, endocrine, visual, ear/nose/throat, skin, liver and kidney, and haematological conditions. We confirmed previous findings by showing highly significant differences in rates of neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms (p<0.0001). In addition, we established in the largest sample to date that Ehler-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) was more likely to occur among autistic females compared to non-autistic females. Finally, we found a higher prevalence of Coeliac's disease among autistic individuals compared to non-autistic individuals after controlling for sex, ethnicity, country of residence, alcohol use, smoking, and BMI, but these results became non-significant after accounting for family history. LIMITATIONS: Our study is biased towards females, white individuals, highly educated people, and UK residents, likely due to sampling biases. Our self-report study design may also exclude those who lack access to computers, or those with intellectual disability. Our network analysis is also limited in size. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of widespread, physical health comorbidity that spans nearly all major organ systems in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults, using both binary logistic regression and network models. Healthcare professionals must be made aware of the range of co-occurring physical health conditions that may be more common among autistic people. However, our findings also point towards potential avenues requiring further exploration, such as the association of autism with both Coeliac's disease and EDS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00565-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513
in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 35 p.[article] Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 35 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 35 p.
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The poorer physical health of autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults has been highlighted by several epidemiological studies. However, research has so far been limited to specific geographical areas and has primarily focused on young autistic individuals (aged 35 years and younger). Recent studies indicate a higher rate of mortality in autistic people, as well as poorer quality of self-reported healthcare interactions. This study aims to determine, first, whether autistic people experience greater levels of non-communicable health conditions and second, whether these are explained by differences in demographics (i.e. sex, country of residence, ethnicity, education level), alcohol use, smoking, body mass index (BMI), or family history of medical conditions. METHOD: We employed a cross-sectional, convenience-sampling study via an anonymous, online survey of autistic and non-autistic adults (n=2305, mean age=41.6, 65.9% female, 49% autistic). The survey asked participants to self-report information about their demographics, autism diagnosis, diet, exercise, sleep, sexual health, substance use, personal medical history, and family medical history (for all first-degree, biological relatives). Binomial logistic regression across four iterative models of increasing complexity was applied to assess rates of physical health conditions. The Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used to account for multiple testing, and only physical health conditions that achieved at least 1% endorsement within the overall sample (n>22) were included in the analysis to reduce risk of Type I errors. We also used novel network analysis methods to test whether there are increased levels of multimorbidity between autistic and non-autistic people. RESULTS: There were significantly elevated rates of non-communicable conditions across all organ systems in autistic people, including gastrointestinal, neurological, endocrine, visual, ear/nose/throat, skin, liver and kidney, and haematological conditions. We confirmed previous findings by showing highly significant differences in rates of neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms (p<0.0001). In addition, we established in the largest sample to date that Ehler-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) was more likely to occur among autistic females compared to non-autistic females. Finally, we found a higher prevalence of Coeliac's disease among autistic individuals compared to non-autistic individuals after controlling for sex, ethnicity, country of residence, alcohol use, smoking, and BMI, but these results became non-significant after accounting for family history. LIMITATIONS: Our study is biased towards females, white individuals, highly educated people, and UK residents, likely due to sampling biases. Our self-report study design may also exclude those who lack access to computers, or those with intellectual disability. Our network analysis is also limited in size. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of widespread, physical health comorbidity that spans nearly all major organ systems in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults, using both binary logistic regression and network models. Healthcare professionals must be made aware of the range of co-occurring physical health conditions that may be more common among autistic people. However, our findings also point towards potential avenues requiring further exploration, such as the association of autism with both Coeliac's disease and EDS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00565-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 Investigating diagnostic bias in autism spectrum conditions: An item response theory analysis of sex bias in the AQ-10 / Aja Louise MURRAY in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)
[article]
Titre : Investigating diagnostic bias in autism spectrum conditions: An item response theory analysis of sex bias in the AQ-10 Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aja Louise MURRAY, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula L. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Tom BOOTH, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.790-800 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : sex differences autism screening autism spectrum quotient AQ-10 item response theory differential item functioning differential test functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diagnostic bias is a concern in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) where prevalence and presentation differ by sex. To ensure that females with ASC are not under-identified, it is important that ASC screening tools do not systematically underestimate autistic traits in females relative to males. We evaluated whether the AQ-10, a brief screen for ASC recommended by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence in cases of suspected ASC, exhibits such a bias. Using an item response theory approach, we evaluated differential item functioning and differential test functioning. We found that although individual items showed some sex bias, these biases at times favored males and at other times favored females. Thus, at the level of test scores the item-level biases cancelled out to give an unbiased overall score. Results support the continued use of the AQ-10 sum score in its current form; however, suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting responses to individual items. The nature of the item level biases could serve as a guide for future research into how ASC affects males and females differently. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1724 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307
in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.790-800[article] Investigating diagnostic bias in autism spectrum conditions: An item response theory analysis of sex bias in the AQ-10 [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aja Louise MURRAY, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Paula L. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Tom BOOTH, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur . - p.790-800.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.790-800
Mots-clés : sex differences autism screening autism spectrum quotient AQ-10 item response theory differential item functioning differential test functioning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diagnostic bias is a concern in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) where prevalence and presentation differ by sex. To ensure that females with ASC are not under-identified, it is important that ASC screening tools do not systematically underestimate autistic traits in females relative to males. We evaluated whether the AQ-10, a brief screen for ASC recommended by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence in cases of suspected ASC, exhibits such a bias. Using an item response theory approach, we evaluated differential item functioning and differential test functioning. We found that although individual items showed some sex bias, these biases at times favored males and at other times favored females. Thus, at the level of test scores the item-level biases cancelled out to give an unbiased overall score. Results support the continued use of the AQ-10 sum score in its current form; however, suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting responses to individual items. The nature of the item level biases could serve as a guide for future research into how ASC affects males and females differently. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1724 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? / L. HULL in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)
PermalinkPermalinkIs the association between mothers' autistic traits and childhood autistic traits moderated by maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index? / Alexandros TSOMPANIDIS ; Rama J. WAHAB ; Romy GAILLARD ; Ezra AYDIN ; Rosemary HOLT ; Carrie ALLISON ; Simon BARON-COHEN ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN ; Pauline W. JANSEN in Molecular Autism, 14 (2023)
PermalinkPermalinkMaternal steroid levels and the autistic traits of the mother and infant / A. TSOMPANIDIS in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)
PermalinkMeasuring autistic traits in the general population: a systematic review of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a nonclinical population sample of 6,900 typical adult males and females / Emily RUZICH in Molecular Autism, (January 2015)
PermalinkPermalinkNo major effect of twinning on autistic traits / Sarah CURRAN in Autism Research, 4-5 (October 2011)
PermalinkNon-suicidal self-injury and its relation to suicide through acquired capability: investigating this causal mechanism in a mainly late-diagnosed autistic sample / Rachel L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
PermalinkPrevalence of autism in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Xiang SUN in Molecular Autism, (April 2013)
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