Abnormal Attention in Autism Shown by Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials / Matthew K. BELMONTE in Autism, 4-3 (September 2000)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 4-3 (September 2000) . - p.269-285 Titre : Abnormal Attention in Autism Shown by Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.269-285 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined brain electrical responses as a physiological measure of speed and specificity of attentional shifting in eight adult males with autism. Subjects were required to shift attention between rapidly flashed targets alternating between left and right visual hemifields. When targets were separated by less than 700 ms, steady- state brain electrical response in both hemispheres was augmented and background EEG decreased for rightward shifts as compared with leftward shifts. At longer separations, persons with autism showed no modulation of background EEG, and high variability in steady-state response. These results contrast with those in normal controls, where in each hemisphere separately steady-state response increased and background EEG descreased for shifts directed contralaterally to that hemisphere. Group differences were significant at p 0.04 for the steady-state response and p 0.0001 for the background EEG. Lack of hemispherically independent modulation in autism may reflect the operation of a non-specific mechanism of sensory gating. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361300004003004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208 [article] Abnormal Attention in Autism Shown by Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur . - p.269-285. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 4-3 (September 2000) . - p.269-285 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined brain electrical responses as a physiological measure of speed and specificity of attentional shifting in eight adult males with autism. Subjects were required to shift attention between rapidly flashed targets alternating between left and right visual hemifields. When targets were separated by less than 700 ms, steady- state brain electrical response in both hemispheres was augmented and background EEG decreased for rightward shifts as compared with leftward shifts. At longer separations, persons with autism showed no modulation of background EEG, and high variability in steady-state response. These results contrast with those in normal controls, where in each hemisphere separately steady-state response increased and background EEG descreased for shifts directed contralaterally to that hemisphere. Group differences were significant at p 0.04 for the steady-state response and p 0.0001 for the background EEG. Lack of hemispherically independent modulation in autism may reflect the operation of a non-specific mechanism of sensory gating. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361300004003004 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=208

Autism Connects Us / Matthew K. BELMONTE

Public ISBD in Siblings and Autism / Debra L. CUMBERLAND Titre : Autism Connects Us Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Importance : p.93-111 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : VIE-E VIE-E - Vie Quotidienne - Fratrie Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141 in Siblings and Autism / Debra L. CUMBERLAND Autism Connects Us [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.93-111. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : VIE-E VIE-E - Vie Quotidienne - Fratrie Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141

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Autistic traits and individual brain differences: functional network efficiency reflects attentional and social impairments, structural nodal efficiencies index systemising and theory-of-mind skills / Subhadip PAUL in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 3p. Titre : Autistic traits and individual brain differences: functional network efficiency reflects attentional and social impairments, structural nodal efficiencies index systemising and theory-of-mind skills Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Subhadip PAUL, Auteur ; Aditi ARORA, Auteur ; Rashi MIDHA, Auteur ; Dinh VU, Auteur ; Prasun K. ROY, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 3p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism  Dti  Dimensional  Functional connectivity  Graph theory  Social  Theory-of-mind  fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism is characterised not only by impaired social cognitive 'empathising' but also by superior rule-based 'systemising'. These cognitive domains intertwine within the categorical diagnosis of autism, yet behavioural genetics suggest largely independent heritability, and separable brain mechanisms. We sought to determine whether quantitative behavioural measures of autistic traits are dimensionally associated with structural and functional brain network integrity, and whether brain bases of autistic traits vary independently across individuals. METHODS: Thirty right-handed neurotypical adults (12 females) were administered psychometric (Social Responsiveness Scale, Autism Spectrum Quotient and Systemising Quotient) and behavioural (Attention Network Test and theory-of-mind reaction time) measures of autistic traits, and structurally (diffusion tensor imaging) and functionally (500 s of 2 Hz eyes-closed resting fMRI) derived graph-theoretic measures of efficiency of information integration were computed throughout the brain and within subregions. RESULTS: Social impairment was positively associated with functional efficiency (r = .47, p = .006), globally and within temporo-parietal and prefrontal cortices. Delayed orienting of attention likewise was associated with greater functional efficiency (r = - .46, p = .0133). Systemising was positively associated with global structural efficiency (r = .38, p = 0.018), driven specifically by temporal pole; theory-of-mind reaction time was related to structural efficiency (r = - .40, p = 0.0153) within right supramarginal gyrus. LIMITATIONS: Interpretation of these relationships is complicated by the many senses of the term 'connectivity', including functional, structural and computational; by the approximation inherent in group functional anatomical parcellations when confronted with individual variation in functional anatomy; and by the validity, sensitivity and specificity of the several survey and experimental behavioural measures applied as correlates of brain structure and function. CONCLUSIONS: Functional connectivities highlight distributed networks associated with domain-general properties such as attentional orienting and social cognition broadly, associating more impaired behaviour with more efficient brain networks that may reflect heightened feedforward information flow subserving autistic strengths and deficits alike. Structural connectivity results highlight specific anatomical nodes of convergence, reflecting cognitive and neuroanatomical independence of systemising and theory-of-mind. In addition, this work shows that individual differences in theory-of-mind related to brain structure can be measured behaviourally, and offers neuroanatomical evidence to pin down the slippery construct of 'systemising' as the capacity to construct invariant contextual associations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00377-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442 [article] Autistic traits and individual brain differences: functional network efficiency reflects attentional and social impairments, structural nodal efficiencies index systemising and theory-of-mind skills [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Subhadip PAUL, Auteur ; Aditi ARORA, Auteur ; Rashi MIDHA, Auteur ; Dinh VU, Auteur ; Prasun K. ROY, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur . - 3p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 3p. Mots-clés : Attention  Autism  Dti  Dimensional  Functional connectivity  Graph theory  Social  Theory-of-mind  fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism is characterised not only by impaired social cognitive 'empathising' but also by superior rule-based 'systemising'. These cognitive domains intertwine within the categorical diagnosis of autism, yet behavioural genetics suggest largely independent heritability, and separable brain mechanisms. We sought to determine whether quantitative behavioural measures of autistic traits are dimensionally associated with structural and functional brain network integrity, and whether brain bases of autistic traits vary independently across individuals. METHODS: Thirty right-handed neurotypical adults (12 females) were administered psychometric (Social Responsiveness Scale, Autism Spectrum Quotient and Systemising Quotient) and behavioural (Attention Network Test and theory-of-mind reaction time) measures of autistic traits, and structurally (diffusion tensor imaging) and functionally (500 s of 2 Hz eyes-closed resting fMRI) derived graph-theoretic measures of efficiency of information integration were computed throughout the brain and within subregions. RESULTS: Social impairment was positively associated with functional efficiency (r = .47, p = .006), globally and within temporo-parietal and prefrontal cortices. Delayed orienting of attention likewise was associated with greater functional efficiency (r = - .46, p = .0133). Systemising was positively associated with global structural efficiency (r = .38, p = 0.018), driven specifically by temporal pole; theory-of-mind reaction time was related to structural efficiency (r = - .40, p = 0.0153) within right supramarginal gyrus. LIMITATIONS: Interpretation of these relationships is complicated by the many senses of the term 'connectivity', including functional, structural and computational; by the approximation inherent in group functional anatomical parcellations when confronted with individual variation in functional anatomy; and by the validity, sensitivity and specificity of the several survey and experimental behavioural measures applied as correlates of brain structure and function. CONCLUSIONS: Functional connectivities highlight distributed networks associated with domain-general properties such as attentional orienting and social cognition broadly, associating more impaired behaviour with more efficient brain networks that may reflect heightened feedforward information flow subserving autistic strengths and deficits alike. Structural connectivity results highlight specific anatomical nodes of convergence, reflecting cognitive and neuroanatomical independence of systemising and theory-of-mind. In addition, this work shows that individual differences in theory-of-mind related to brain structure can be measured behaviourally, and offers neuroanatomical evidence to pin down the slippery construct of 'systemising' as the capacity to construct invariant contextual associations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00377-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442

Bengali translation and characterisation of four cognitive and trait measures for autism spectrum conditions in India / A. RUDRA in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 50p. Titre : Bengali translation and characterisation of four cognitive and trait measures for autism spectrum conditions in India Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. RUDRA, Auteur ; J. R. RAM, Auteur ; T. LOUCAS, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : 50p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/psychology  Case-Control Studies  Child  Cognition/physiology  Cross-Cultural Comparison  Empathy  Facial Expression  Female  Humans  India  Intelligence Tests/standards  Language  Male  Regression Analysis  Social Skills  Surveys and Questionnaires  Theory of Mind  Translations  Assessment  Autism  Behaviour  Bengali  Central coherence  Perceptual construal  Theory of mind  Translation  Validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism is characterised by atypical social-communicative behaviour and restricted range of interests and repetitive behaviours. These features exist in a continuum in the general population. Behavioural measures validated across cultures and languages are required to quantify the dimensional traits of autism in these social and non-social domains. Bengali is the seventh most spoken language in the world. However, there is a serious dearth of data on standard measures of autism-related social and visual cognition in Bengali. METHODS: Bengali translations of two measures related to social-communicative functioning (the Children's Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and a facial emotion recognition test with stimuli taken from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database), one measure of visual perceptual disembedding (the Embedded Figures Test), and a questionnaire measure (the Children's Empathy Quotient) were tested in 25 children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and 26 control children (mean age = 10.7 years) in Kolkata, India. Group differences were analysed by t test and multiple regression (after accounting for potential effects of gender, IQ, and age). RESULTS: Behavioural and trait measures were associated with group differences in the expected directions: ASC children scored lower on the Children's Empathy Quotient and the RMET, as well as on facial emotion recognition, but were faster and more accurate on the Embedded Figures Test. Distributional properties of these measures within groups are similar to those reported in Western countries. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide an empirical demonstration of cross-cultural generalisability and applicability of these standard behavioural and trait measures related to autism, in a major world language. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0111-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 [article] Bengali translation and characterisation of four cognitive and trait measures for autism spectrum conditions in India [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. RUDRA, Auteur ; J. R. RAM, Auteur ; T. LOUCAS, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - 50p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 50p. Mots-clés : Adolescent  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/psychology  Case-Control Studies  Child  Cognition/physiology  Cross-Cultural Comparison  Empathy  Facial Expression  Female  Humans  India  Intelligence Tests/standards  Language  Male  Regression Analysis  Social Skills  Surveys and Questionnaires  Theory of Mind  Translations  Assessment  Autism  Behaviour  Bengali  Central coherence  Perceptual construal  Theory of mind  Translation  Validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism is characterised by atypical social-communicative behaviour and restricted range of interests and repetitive behaviours. These features exist in a continuum in the general population. Behavioural measures validated across cultures and languages are required to quantify the dimensional traits of autism in these social and non-social domains. Bengali is the seventh most spoken language in the world. However, there is a serious dearth of data on standard measures of autism-related social and visual cognition in Bengali. METHODS: Bengali translations of two measures related to social-communicative functioning (the Children's Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and a facial emotion recognition test with stimuli taken from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database), one measure of visual perceptual disembedding (the Embedded Figures Test), and a questionnaire measure (the Children's Empathy Quotient) were tested in 25 children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and 26 control children (mean age = 10.7 years) in Kolkata, India. Group differences were analysed by t test and multiple regression (after accounting for potential effects of gender, IQ, and age). RESULTS: Behavioural and trait measures were associated with group differences in the expected directions: ASC children scored lower on the Children's Empathy Quotient and the RMET, as well as on facial emotion recognition, but were faster and more accurate on the Embedded Figures Test. Distributional properties of these measures within groups are similar to those reported in Western countries. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide an empirical demonstration of cross-cultural generalisability and applicability of these standard behavioural and trait measures related to autism, in a major world language. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0111-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329

Digital tools for direct assessment of autism risk during early childhood: A systematic review / Supriya BHAVNANI ; Georgia LOCKWOOD ESTRIN ; Vaisnavi RAO ; Jayashree DASGUPTA ; Hiba IRFAN ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI ; Vikram PATEL ; Matthew K. BELMONTE in Autism, 28-1 (January 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.6?31 Titre : Digital tools for direct assessment of autism risk during early childhood: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Supriya BHAVNANI, Auteur ; Georgia LOCKWOOD ESTRIN, Auteur ; Vaisnavi RAO, Auteur ; Jayashree DASGUPTA, Auteur ; Hiba IRFAN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.6?31 Mots-clés : ASD  assessments  computer  digital  gamified  low-resource  mHealth  scalable  smartphone  tablet  virtual reality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current challenges in early identification of autism spectrum disorder lead to significant delays in starting interventions, thereby compromising outcomes. Digital tools can potentially address this barrier as they are accessible, can measure autism-relevant phenotypes and can be administered in children?s natural environments by non-specialists. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify and characterise potentially scalable digital tools for direct assessment of autism spectrum disorder risk in early childhood. In total, 51,953 titles, 6884 abstracts and 567 full-text articles from four databases were screened using predefined criteria. Of these, 38 met inclusion criteria. Tasks are presented on both portable and non-portable technologies, typically by researchers in laboratory or clinic settings. Gamified tasks, virtual-reality platforms and automated analysis of video or audio recordings of children?s behaviours and speech are used to assess autism spectrum disorder risk. Tasks tapping social communication/interaction and motor domains most reliably discriminate between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups. Digital tools employing objective data collection and analysis methods hold immense potential for early identification of autism spectrum disorder risk. Next steps should be to further validate these tools, evaluate their generalisability outside laboratory or clinic settings, and standardise derived measures across tasks. Furthermore, stakeholders from underserved communities should be involved in the research and development process. Lay abstract The challenge of finding autistic children, and finding them early enough to make a difference for them and their families, becomes all the greater in parts of the world where human and material resources are in short supply. Poverty of resources delays interventions, translating into a poverty of outcomes. Digital tools carry potential to lessen this delay because they can be administered by non-specialists in children?s homes, schools or other everyday environments, they can measure a wide range of autistic behaviours objectively and they can automate analysis without requiring an expert in computers or statistics. This literature review aimed to identify and describe digital tools for screening children who may be at risk for autism. These tools are predominantly at the ?proof-of-concept? stage. Both portable (laptops, mobile phones, smart toys) and fixed (desktop computers, virtual-reality platforms) technologies are used to present computerised games, or to record children?s behaviours or speech. Computerised analysis of children?s interactions with these technologies differentiates children with and without autism, with promising results. Tasks assessing social responses and hand and body movements are the most reliable in distinguishing autistic from typically developing children. Such digital tools hold immense potential for early identification of autism spectrum disorder risk at a large scale. Next steps should be to further validate these tools and to evaluate their applicability in a variety of settings. Crucially, stakeholders from underserved communities globally must be involved in this research, lest it fail to capture the issues that these stakeholders are facing. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221133176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 [article] Digital tools for direct assessment of autism risk during early childhood: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Supriya BHAVNANI, Auteur ; Georgia LOCKWOOD ESTRIN, Auteur ; Vaisnavi RAO, Auteur ; Jayashree DASGUPTA, Auteur ; Hiba IRFAN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Vikram PATEL, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur . - p.6?31. in Autism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.6?31 Mots-clés : ASD  assessments  computer  digital  gamified  low-resource  mHealth  scalable  smartphone  tablet  virtual reality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Current challenges in early identification of autism spectrum disorder lead to significant delays in starting interventions, thereby compromising outcomes. Digital tools can potentially address this barrier as they are accessible, can measure autism-relevant phenotypes and can be administered in children?s natural environments by non-specialists. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify and characterise potentially scalable digital tools for direct assessment of autism spectrum disorder risk in early childhood. In total, 51,953 titles, 6884 abstracts and 567 full-text articles from four databases were screened using predefined criteria. Of these, 38 met inclusion criteria. Tasks are presented on both portable and non-portable technologies, typically by researchers in laboratory or clinic settings. Gamified tasks, virtual-reality platforms and automated analysis of video or audio recordings of children?s behaviours and speech are used to assess autism spectrum disorder risk. Tasks tapping social communication/interaction and motor domains most reliably discriminate between autism spectrum disorder and typically developing groups. Digital tools employing objective data collection and analysis methods hold immense potential for early identification of autism spectrum disorder risk. Next steps should be to further validate these tools, evaluate their generalisability outside laboratory or clinic settings, and standardise derived measures across tasks. Furthermore, stakeholders from underserved communities should be involved in the research and development process. Lay abstract The challenge of finding autistic children, and finding them early enough to make a difference for them and their families, becomes all the greater in parts of the world where human and material resources are in short supply. Poverty of resources delays interventions, translating into a poverty of outcomes. Digital tools carry potential to lessen this delay because they can be administered by non-specialists in children?s homes, schools or other everyday environments, they can measure a wide range of autistic behaviours objectively and they can automate analysis without requiring an expert in computers or statistics. This literature review aimed to identify and describe digital tools for screening children who may be at risk for autism. These tools are predominantly at the ?proof-of-concept? stage. Both portable (laptops, mobile phones, smart toys) and fixed (desktop computers, virtual-reality platforms) technologies are used to present computerised games, or to record children?s behaviours or speech. Computerised analysis of children?s interactions with these technologies differentiates children with and without autism, with promising results. Tasks assessing social responses and hand and body movements are the most reliable in distinguishing autistic from typically developing children. Such digital tools hold immense potential for early identification of autism spectrum disorder risk at a large scale. Next steps should be to further validate these tools and to evaluate their applicability in a variety of settings. Crucially, stakeholders from underserved communities globally must be involved in this research, lest it fail to capture the issues that these stakeholders are facing. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613221133176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519

Human, but More So: What the Autistic Brain Tells Us about the Process of Narrative / Matthew K. BELMONTE

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Information Processing and Integration / Keith J. YODER

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More than maths and mindreading: Sex differences in empathizing/systemizing covariance / Jeffrey M. VALLA in Autism Research, 3-4 (August 2010)  

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Motor symptoms in the ASD diagnostic criteria: A conservative perspective / Matthew K. BELMONTE in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)  

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Offering to Share: How to Put Heads Together in Autism Neuroimaging / Matthew K. BELMONTE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-1 (January 2008)  

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Overcoming hurdles to intervention studies with autistic children with profound communication difficulties and their families / A. MCKINNEY in Autism, 25-6 (August 2021)  

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Overcoming hurdles to intervention studies with autistic children with profound communication difficulties and their families / Ailbhe MCKINNEY in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)  

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Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and autistic symptoms in a school-based cohort of children in Kolkata, India / Alokananda RUDRA in Autism Research, 10-10 (October 2017)  

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Using mobile health technology to assess childhood autism in low-resource community settings in India: An innovation to address the detection gap / Indu DUBEY in Autism, 28-3 (March 2024)  

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Visual attention in autism families: 'unaffected'sibs share atypical frontal activation / Matthew K. BELMONTE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-3 (March 2010)  

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